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屋頂的比例

屋頂應該要多大? 對於居住的建築,屋頂最好是建在一兩層高。如果屋頂部分不需要比它高太多,考慮下把它建成塔式,或用多層的復折式屋頂。

屋頂高度通常可以透過改變斜度,加矮牆和屋頂走廊等來調整。假如屋頂下有足夠空間再容納一層樓的話,很少有不利用一下,多建幾個房間的。

比如,一個帶一個四十五度斜角的人字形屋頂的20m寬的建築,屋頂會升到10~11米高。假如一層樓4~5米高,屋頂就會有2~2½層樓高。這種大小,建議要嘛在屋頂空間裏再加一層樓,要嘛把屋頂分成兩到三個小部分,使得每部分有5~7米高。還可以加一個一米高的護牆和一圈一米寬的走道,使屋頂顯得只有7米高,而這就正好是屋頂的首選高度。

對於某些建築,一個壯觀的屋頂也是設計的一部分。對於那些「紀念碑式」的建築——比如教堂——並不考慮把所有內部空間做得「適於居住」,而應首先考慮建築學與審美學意義。

屋頂的高度

Roof height

Adjusting the height of a roof join.

這些圖片顯示了調整建築的一部分屋頂高度相對於另一部分會產生的效果。第一幅圖中,主體建築牆高四格,側邊延伸分別高兩格,四格和六格。白色的石英半磚標出了主屋頂和側屋頂的連接線。

第二幅圖中,側邊延伸幾乎形成了一座塔;比起母建築的四格高度,它達到了八格高。像之前一樣,白色的石英半磚標出了連接部,而新的沙石半磚標出了側延伸屋頂下降高度以和主屋頂相稱的部分。

最後一張圖透過把側面延伸做成塔樓,顯着地簡化了連接。

屋頂的斜度

在現實世界中,降雨量越大,屋頂的斜度也就越大。在遊戲中,不論是建造63.4°、 45°,還是 26.5°的屋頂,都十分容易。只需用兩個方塊做出63.4°,用半磚做出45°,用交替上下半磚做出26.5°。

Odd roof pitch

7-wide buildings with 1 in 2, 1 in 1 and 2 in 1 roof pitches, plus overhangs.

Roof pitch

8-wide buildings with 1 in 2, 1 in 1 and 2 in 1 roof pitches, plus overhangs.

Intermediate pitch roof

An intermediate roof pitch using slabs, stairs and upside-down stairs.

注意建築物的寬度會影響屋頂的外觀。用更陡的屋頂,或者你想要奇數格寬的中央「造型」(比如門)時,把整個建築都建成奇數格寬。這樣屋頂兩邊就會準確地交在中央造型上方。如果建築中間需要兩扇對開門或者其他偶數格寬的特色,那建築寬度一般也得是偶數格。

其他的屋頂斜度需要多花點功夫,而且不是所有斜度都在某些屋頂大小看著好看。試試用重複的兩個或三個方塊模式來產生合適的坡度;比如,半磚,倒放半磚,半磚,半磚,倒放半磚,半磚這樣的順序可以每水平伸出七格上升五格(31°)。基本上,模式越複雜,就需要越大的屋頂來搭配它。

大型建築

一旦建築大於大約15×15個方塊,建造簡單屋頂就會使建築看起來十分奇怪。對於大型建築而言,不同部分通常會有不同的屋頂。以英式莊園大屋為例,在屋上建造平坦的屋頂,看起來就變得很滑稽了。總而言之,您需要建造精心設計過的屋頂。下面的維基百科頁面已列出常見的屋頂設計: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_roof_shapes

連接的屋頂

Hipped and gable

Hipped roof with gable end.

It's quite easy to combine the basic roof designs. For large buildings, mixing different roof designs is necessary to make the building look convincing. This illustration shows a building with a hipped roof and a gable end. The gable end uses red brick blocks so that you can see how the two roof sections merge.

Cross gable roof

A cross gabled roof.

Cross hipped roof

A cross hipped roof.

When roof sections are joined together, the combination that results is known as either a cross gabled or cross hipped roof depending on the basic roof types being joined. The resulting compound roof is usually shaped like a T or an L. More elaborate designs may form a cross shape, an H, or any of countless other possibilities. Newly-made buildings usually have a consistent design, but older buildings that have been extended over time are likely to end up with a mish-mash of different styles.

如何連接不同高低的屋頂

While a small building will usually look fine with a simple V-shaped roof, large buildings need multiple roof sections or they will look strange. That means you will need to design multiple roofs for different sections of a large building and join them together. You can use the roof examples from computer-generated village buildings for inspiration, but smoothly joining up roofs at angles to one another takes a little practice.

If you are new to roof construction, a simple building sequence is as follows:

  1. Starting with the section that will produce the highest roof, build it as if it was going to become a complete entity without any joins to any other roof sections.
  2. Build the second-highest roof in a similar way, but where it meshes with the highest roof, make a suitable join.
  3. Roof joins can be done block by block if you prefer, or by dealing with one diagonal at a time.
  4. If the roofs to be joined have unusual pitches, merging should be done block by block, because that is much simpler than trying to predict in your head how a complex block pattern will merge along an ascending diagonal line.
  5. Continue building roof sections from highest to lowest, merging them with older roof parts as you encounter them, and ignoring lower sections not yet started.
  6. When all roof sections are complete, remove any redundant roof blocks. This is generally easier to do from inside the building.

You will quickly note that when roofs join, they usually do so along a V-shaped line, and roof blocks inside that V will be removed at the final construction stage. Once you understand this behavior, it becomes easier and quicker not to place the unneeded blocks to begin with. But whenever you are dealing with a complex roof structure, it is simpler to build the entire roof and then remove unneeded blocks afterwards.

在斜坡上的建築

Building on a slope

在斜坡上的建築。

在斜坡上建築的時候, it is probably simplest to level the area for each building section separately, then build. 為了建造屋頂,最簡單的方法是 either to give each elevation its own separate section of roof, or to adjust the height of the shared walls to support a single unified roof.

斜角建築

Diamond roof1

一個菱形建築的平面圖。

Diamond roof2

一個用階梯來建築屋頂的建築的側面圖。

It is possible to make buildings in Minecraft that aren't aligned North-South or East-West. Unfortunately, except at very large scales, it is hard to make them look convincing. If you are constructing a metropolis, the occasional odd-shaped building helps enormously to add variety to Minecraft's regimented grid, but normally making these buildings is not worth the extra complexity. The example above is diamond-shaped and uses slabs for its roof. Normally, non-axis-aligned buildings should use slabs or blocks for their roofs, as stairs are often awkward to manage.

Angled roof1

A building made at an angle — plan view.

Angled roof2

Side view of building constructed at an angle.

This building has walls 'stepped' so that they move 'two along, then one up'. This is approximately equivalent to angling the building at 63°. Note how most of the roof blocks are in parallel pairs, following the course of the wall blocks under them. Note also how filler blocks (quartz in this image) are needed to close off the holes in the sides of the roof. For clarity, the sidewalls of the gable roof use dark wood, and the end steps have been replaced with sandstone.

Angled roof3

Using corner stairs instead of filler blocks. Note how the sandstone stair blocks still need fillers next to them.

Angled roof4

Using full blocks or upside-down stairs instead of filler blocks.

The filler blocks used here are not strictly necessary. By using corner stairs, upside down stairs, or full-sized blocks, the holes can (mostly) be avoided. It's then just a matter of which minor variation in roof design you prefer. However, depending on the roof design there may still be a small number of places where filler blocks are unavoidable.

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