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屋顶的比例

屋顶应该要多大? 对于居住的建筑,屋顶最好是建在一两层高。如果屋顶部分不需要比它高太多,考虑下把它建成塔式,或用多层的复折式屋顶。

屋顶高度通常可以通过改变斜度,加矮墙和屋顶走廊等来调整。假如屋顶下有足够空间再容纳一层楼的话,很少有不利用一下,多建几个房间的。

比如,一个带一个四十五度斜角的人字形屋顶的20m宽的建筑,屋顶会升到10~11米高。假如一层楼4~5米高,屋顶就会有2~2½层楼高。这种大小,建议要么在屋顶空间里再加一层楼,要么把屋顶分成两到三个小部分,使得每部分有5~7米高。还可以加一个一米高的护墙和一圈一米宽的走道,使屋顶显得只有7米高,而这就正好是屋顶的首选高度。

对于某些建筑,一个壮观的屋顶也是设计的一部分。对于那些“纪念碑式”的建筑——比如教堂——并不考虑把所有内部空间做得“适于居住”,而应首先考虑建筑学与审美学意义。

屋顶的高度

Roof height

Adjusting the height of a roof join.

这些图片显示了调整建筑的一部分屋顶高度相对于另一部分会产生的效果。第一幅图中,主体建筑墙高四格,侧边延伸分别高两格,四格和六格。白色的石英台阶标出了主屋顶和侧屋顶的连接线。

第二幅图中,侧边延伸几乎形成了一座塔;比起母建筑的四格高度,它达到了八格高。像之前一样,白色的石英台阶标出了连接部,而新的沙石台阶标出了侧延伸屋顶下降高度以和主屋顶相称的部分。

最后一张图通过把侧面延伸做成塔楼,显著地简化了连接。

屋顶的斜度

在现实世界中,降雨量越大,屋顶的斜度也就越大。在游戏中,不论是建造63.4°、 45°,还是 26.5°的屋顶,都十分容易。只需用两个方块做出63.4°,用台阶做出45°,用交替上下半砖做出26.5°。

Odd roof pitch

7-wide buildings with 1 in 2, 1 in 1 and 2 in 1 roof pitches, plus overhangs.

Roof pitch

8-wide buildings with 1 in 2, 1 in 1 and 2 in 1 roof pitches, plus overhangs.

Intermediate pitch roof

An intermediate roof pitch using slabs, stairs and upside-down stairs.

注意建筑物的宽度会影响屋顶的外观。用更陡的屋顶,或者你想要奇数格宽的中央“造型”(比如门)时,把整个建筑都建成奇数格宽。这样屋顶两边就会准确地交在中央造型上方。如果建筑中间需要两扇对开门或者其他偶数格宽的特色,那建筑宽度一般也得是偶数格。

其他的屋顶斜度需要多花点功夫,而且不是所有斜度都在某些屋顶大小看着好看。试试用重复的两个或三个方块模式来产生合适的坡度;比如,半砖,倒放台阶,台阶,半砖,倒放台阶,台阶这样的顺序可以每水平伸出七格上升五格(31°)。基本上,模式越复杂,就需要越大的屋顶来搭配它。

大型建筑

一旦建筑大于大约15×15个方块,建造简单屋顶就会使建筑看起来十分奇怪。对于大型建筑而言,不同部分通常会有不同的屋顶。以英式庄园大屋为例,在屋上建造平坦的屋顶,看起来就变得很滑稽了。总而言之,您需要建造精心设计过的屋顶。下面的维基百科页面已列出常见的屋顶设计: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_roof_shapes

连接的屋顶

Hipped and gable

Hipped roof with gable end.

It's quite easy to combine the basic roof designs. For large buildings, mixing different roof designs is necessary to make the building look convincing. This illustration shows a building with a hipped roof and a gable end. The gable end uses red brick blocks so that you can see how the two roof sections merge.

Cross gable roof

A cross gabled roof.

Cross hipped roof

A cross hipped roof.

When roof sections are joined together, the combination that results is known as either a cross gabled or cross hipped roof depending on the basic roof types being joined. The resulting compound roof is usually shaped like a T or an L. More elaborate designs may form a cross shape, an H, or any of countless other possibilities. Newly-made buildings usually have a consistent design, but older buildings that have been extended over time are likely to end up with a mish-mash of different styles.

如何连接不同高低的屋顶

While a small building will usually look fine with a simple V-shaped roof, large buildings need multiple roof sections or they will look strange. That means you will need to design multiple roofs for different sections of a large building and join them together. You can use the roof examples from computer-generated village buildings for inspiration, but smoothly joining up roofs at angles to one another takes a little practice.

If you are new to roof construction, a simple building sequence is as follows:

  1. Starting with the section that will produce the highest roof, build it as if it was going to become a complete entity without any joins to any other roof sections.
  2. Build the second-highest roof in a similar way, but where it meshes with the highest roof, make a suitable join.
  3. Roof joins can be done block by block if you prefer, or by dealing with one diagonal at a time.
  4. If the roofs to be joined have unusual pitches, merging should be done block by block, because that is much simpler than trying to predict in your head how a complex block pattern will merge along an ascending diagonal line.
  5. Continue building roof sections from highest to lowest, merging them with older roof parts as you encounter them, and ignoring lower sections not yet started.
  6. When all roof sections are complete, remove any redundant roof blocks. This is generally easier to do from inside the building.

You will quickly note that when roofs join, they usually do so along a V-shaped line, and roof blocks inside that V will be removed at the final construction stage. Once you understand this behavior, it becomes easier and quicker not to place the unneeded blocks to begin with. But whenever you are dealing with a complex roof structure, it is simpler to build the entire roof and then remove unneeded blocks afterwards.

在斜坡上的建筑

Building on a slope

在斜坡上的建筑。

在斜坡上建筑的时候, it is probably simplest to level the area for each building section separately, then build. 为了建造屋顶,最简单的方法是 either to give each elevation its own separate section of roof, or to adjust the height of the shared walls to support a single unified roof.

斜角建筑

Diamond roof1

一个菱形建筑的平面图。

Diamond roof2

一个用阶梯来建筑屋顶的建筑的侧面图。

It is possible to make buildings in Minecraft that aren't aligned North-South or East-West. Unfortunately, except at very large scales, it is hard to make them look convincing. If you are constructing a metropolis, the occasional odd-shaped building helps enormously to add variety to Minecraft's regimented grid, but normally making these buildings is not worth the extra complexity. The example above is diamond-shaped and uses slabs for its roof. Normally, non-axis-aligned buildings should use slabs or blocks for their roofs, as stairs are often awkward to manage.

Angled roof1

A building made at an angle — plan view.

Angled roof2

Side view of building constructed at an angle.

This building has walls 'stepped' so that they move 'two along, then one up'. This is approximately equivalent to angling the building at 63°. Note how most of the roof blocks are in parallel pairs, following the course of the wall blocks under them. Note also how filler blocks (quartz in this image) are needed to close off the holes in the sides of the roof. For clarity, the sidewalls of the gable roof use dark wood, and the end steps have been replaced with sandstone.

Angled roof3

Using corner stairs instead of filler blocks. Note how the sandstone stair blocks still need fillers next to them.

Angled roof4

Using full blocks or upside-down stairs instead of filler blocks.

The filler blocks used here are not strictly necessary. By using corner stairs, upside down stairs, or full-sized blocks, the holes can (mostly) be avoided. It's then just a matter of which minor variation in roof design you prefer. However, depending on the roof design there may still be a small number of places where filler blocks are unavoidable.

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