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影片

Tutorials/Walls/video

牆壁類型

防護牆(Retaining wall)

一面「防護牆」常被用於防止泥土——或沙、砂礫甚至可能是積雪——落下一個斜坡。結果是牆一面的地面高度明顯高於另一面。這裏有一些建造防護牆的方法,但它們之間的差別很小,因為不同之處通常被掩蓋了。用某些方法將下面的設計結合起來也是可能的。

  • 一面重力牆是一面簡單地用自身的巨大質量攔住泥土的牆。
  • 一面樁牆有着深深打入地下以加強強度的支撐用的。這些樁可以二次向下,與牆同高。(The piles may go down twice as far as the wall is high.)
  • 一面帶支架的牆(Cantilevered wall)有着「L」一樣的形狀。Some cantilevered walls are anchored by the weight of the soil burying the horizontal part of the L. Otherwise they may be supported by their own strength, or by stays or counterforts.
  • 一面錨固牆(Anchored wall)有埋入地下的纜繩或撐條(Stays)來幫助其保持在固定的位置。

防護牆也可用扶壁或扶垛來支撐。

矮牆

Ha-ha

一面2½個方塊高的矮牆和一隻被阻擋的羊

矮牆是一種隱蔽的障幕,它可以阻止牲畜遊蕩到重要的地方並且不需要使用「暴力」。這些是矮牆從遠處看時,它們會迅速脱離其他生物的視線,但又實際存在並發揮其的阻礙作用。在Minecraft遊戲中,玩家可建造出低於地表半個方塊的高度的矮牆,這會非常有效地隱藏這段障幕。但玩家仍需注意會爬牆的蜘蛛

錐形壁

雖然一個普通的房子的牆壁可以一橫不變地有相同的厚度,但是宏偉的城牆建築如城堡、教堂和其他類似的結構應該是底部厚和薄更高,因為這可以提高穩定性和減少負載較低部分的牆上。這就形成錐形壁。

射擊孔

如果一個牆有部分從內部掏空,這被稱為一個「射擊孔」。射擊孔在玩家點火時的可用作射箭時的一個口,或可用作擴大活動範圍的通道。

內牆

這裏有個章節專門描述內牆的最常見的特性。

扶壁

扶壁(Buttress)是一種用於防止牆壁向外隆起或倒塌的加固構築物。它們是大型古代建築物的一種常見特徵,能夠抵消由設計上缺乏足夠的水平支撐物的屋頂構築物所帶來的橫向力。

在水壩和護土牆上,術語「扶垛(Counterfort)」可被用作代替。

飛扶壁

Flying buttress

A flying buttress.

飛扶壁是一種附加的牆壁支撐物,由一個與其支撐的牆壁有一些距離的普通扶壁,和一個連接牆壁和扶壁並傳導支撐力的飛拱組成。

修正扶壁(Remedial buttress)

一個不是建築設計的一部分,但之後會被加築以支撐一面有倒塌風險的危牆的扶壁可被專稱作「修正扶壁」。

扶壁畫廊

Parts of an interior wall

In modern times, many people still know what these parts of a wall are called, but there is much less appreciation of what they were originally for. As modern houses have damp-proof courses and are made of very uniform, mass-produced materials, some of the old practical reasons these features exist no longer apply. The main reason we still have them is becoming a matter of custom and aesthetics rather than actual need. The following features are listed from the floor upwards:

  • Baseboard, skirting board — this is a broad, usually wooden board at about ankle height whose purpose is to cover the join between wall and floor. It covers the uneven edge of flooring next to the wall and helps protect the wall from kicks, abrasion, and furniture. It can also serve as a decorative molding.
  • Wainscoting — this was a usually wooden covering over the lower area of a wall (the dado) up to about waist height. In newer buildings the height of a wainscot might increase up to about chest height. Wainscoting would have provided insulation, making rooms in cold stone buildings more comfortable, and would also have helped conceal the water stains that tended to creep up old walls prior to the use of damp-proof courses.
  • Chair rail, dado rail — a thin rail at the top of the dado, generally positioned at about waist height. It helped protect walls against scuffing or dents from the backs of chairs and other pieces of furniture.
  • Panelling − sometimes just another term for wainscoting, but could also include wooden panels that covered most or all of an entire wall.
  • Picture rail − a thin wooden rail at slightly above head height which provided a way to hang pictures on a plastered wall. You can't drive nails into plaster itself because that is highly likely to break it. Hence the wooden picture rail decided the only height at which you could hang paintings in a room with plastered walls. The picture rail often also gave the upper border for a room's wallpaper. Above the picture rail, wall and ceiling would usually be the same color.
  • Molding, coving − a decorative border between wall and ceiling. These were often made of plaster, and in large rooms with high ceilings coving could be very elaborate. In Minecraft, upside down stair blocks become usable as coving once a room has a ceiling height of about 6—10 meters or so.
Grand room

Quite a grand room demonstrating various wall decorations.

Could you have all of these different features on one wall? The answer is no, not normally. While most combinations are possible you should normally choose 1−4 possibilities and use those consistently throughout a design. However, a particularly large and grand room could use more. The picture shows a slab floor made of dark wood and a slab ceiling made of quartz; you can identify coving, panelling and skirting boards, and the presence of a chair rail and a picture rail are implied by the trapdoor/oak wood and oak wood/quartz borders.

Other wall decoration styles

In addition to the wall elements described above, which all have a historical basis, there are many other ways to liven up a dull building. A plain wall of any material is boring. This is fine if you have detail in other parts of your construction, or if you want a modern or utilitarian feel, such as for a warehouse or a factory. Plain walls have the virtue that they won't distract from whatever else you have built, whereas a 'busy' wall might. However, if there are large areas in the building where you can see nothing of interest but the wall, even some simple decoration will help a lot.

  • Plain wall − You should avoid plain walls unless other parts of the building are well-detailed.
  • Two tone − Use one material for the top few blocks, another material for remainder. It's advisable to put darker materials lower down, and lighter colors higher up, to blend with a light-colored ceiling.
  • Separator − Place a band of a different block type (or types) at one height in an otherwise plain wall. You can place the band high, low, at head height, or roughly in the middle of the wall, and these choices will affect the appearance of the room to a surprising degree.
  • Flourish − Add a 'kink' in the borders between sections. The kink should be roughly to scale with the wall. For heights 2−4, one block up or down makes quite a big difference. For taller walls, the flourish should leave one or two block layers untouched at the top and bottom of the wall.
  • 3D texture − Using signs, buttons, ladders, stairs, fences, fence gates, inset half-blocks, paintings, pistons, furnaces, droppers, dispensers, item frames and many other block types will add texture to a bland wall.
  • Combinations − Starting to combine the above ideas adds even more flexibility − just don't try to do all of them at once on every wall.
  • Wallpaper − The final option is to start adding 'wallpaper', probably using either colored wool blocks, or paintings with custom textures. This idea is better-known than the simpler suggestions given here, and there are many examples of well-decorated houses online.
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