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半连接性(Quasi-connectivity)是发射器,漏斗和活塞的特性。它们可以在不直接接触的情况下被能够被可以激活此方块上面的方块所激活。因为这个特性,让有时组建电路变的很困难,而且这可能被视为bug。这是官方设定的特性,这种特性让某些建造变得简单了(比如活塞墙)。
“半连接”的意思是这个方块的激活源与这个方块是非完整连接的(“半”的意思是“好像是”或“大概是”),简称“QC”。另外也有人称其为“活塞连接性”(因为这种连接性起源于活塞)、“间接充能”(但是它有时也被用于毗邻强充能方块的方块)、“BUD充能”(虽然半连接性和BUD并非同义)。
本教程只会介绍活塞,因为发射器和漏斗可以通过类比活塞教程得出。
半连接性并不存在于携带版,这种与PC版的不同是有意为之的。详见MCPE-14664。
普通激活方法
机械元件的激活 — 机械元件在放置正确的情况下可被电源元件、充能的方块、红石线、红石中继器以及红石比较器(图中没有显示)激活(例如红石火把)。
在讨论使用半连接性来激活前,我们先来讨论一些激活的普通方法。
机械元件(活塞、门、红石灯等等)可以被激活,激活后的机械元件会工作(推动方块,开门,开灯等等)。
所有的机械元件都会在如下的条件中激活:
- 一个相邻的供能元件,包括上方和下方。
- 例外:红石火把不会激活它附着的机械元件,活塞也不会被面前的供能元件激活。
- 一个相邻且充能的不透明方块(强弱充能皆可),包括上方或下方。
- 一个充能的红石比较器或红石中继器,输出端朝向机械元件。
- 充能的红石粉,连接到机械元件上(如果这一元件可以在上方放置红石粉,则上方亦可,但不能在它下方);或相邻的“无方向”的红石粉;如果没有连接到机械元件上,红石粉不能让机械元件充能。
通过半连接激活
除了上述的正常激活方式,活塞还有另外的激活方法:如果以上任一方式可以激活活塞上方的那个方块,则这一方式也可以激活活塞。即使活塞的上方根本没有机械元件,这一方式仍可使用(甚至在上方方块是空气或透明方块时仍然有效)。
另一种看待这一现象的方法是,认为活塞有一个类似门的“激活形状”。任何可以激活门上半边的方法也可以同时激活门的下半边。与此类似,任何可以激活活塞上方空间的方法也同样可以激活活塞(其实这种激活方式就是一种BUD,只不过即时QC在形成BUD的同时,还同时给BUD态的红石原件一个更新)。
这种激活方法被称为“半连接法”(quasi-connectivity),常被记为此元件可以被对角线上方或两个方块高度上方的方块激活,但也有其他激活方法(记载见下)。
有些半连接法激活(简称“QC激活”)会立刻更新活塞状态(“瞬时QC激活”),而另一些则会让活塞进入一个理应被激活,但活塞本身未察觉的状态,并在活塞更新状态时激活(“更新QC激活”)
即时半连接激活
即时半连接激活是通过即时的半连接来激活活塞并且这种做法不需要活塞分别的进行更新。这仅仅在一个红石元件能激活间隔两个方块的其他的红石元件。
- 曼哈顿距离中的“间隔两个方块”
- 这意味着当这些红石元件激活活塞(一格外)上的空间,它们同时也会更新活塞(两格外)。红石比较器和红石中继器只能激活它们对着的机械元件,但红石粉和红石火把也可以激活它们下方的机械元件(红石火把也可以激活上面的方块,但对半连接性没有帮助)。
- 压力板可以附着的方块和激活(更新)的范围
- 以下的红石元件能激活一格外的机械元件,同时会更新它附着的方块周围的机械元件(也包括上面和下面的方块)和它周围的机械元件:
- 这意味着如果这些红石元件附着一个它下面的方块,它可以激活活塞上面的方块(在一格外),同时也会更新那个活塞(在两格外)。陷阱箱更新它下面的方块周围的红石元件,但不需要附着任何方块(就像一个浮空的压力板)— 下面的另一个例子用了颠倒的台阶而不是一个方块,因为一个充能的方块能直接激活那些活塞。绊线钩不能附着它下方的方块,所以不能用作一个即时半连接激活。
其他的红石原件不能对一格以外的红石原件进行激活(更新),因此不能用于制作即时QC,只能用于制作更新QC。
更新QC
“更新QC”是将一个活塞置于一种它本该激活推出,却因为缺少一个红石更新信号,使之没有意识到自己应该激活的状态——它会一直等待,直到其收到更新信号。
- 充能的方块
- 一个充能方块 * can activate the space above a piston, from the side or from above, without updating the piston, producing an update QC activation:
- A block of redstone acts like a powered block but can't be turned off, so the only way it can activate or deactivate pistons by quasi-connectivity is if it's moved into or out of a position where it would activate the space above the piston, either from the side or from above.
- Neighbors of component and of attachment block
- The following redstone components can activate mechanism components one block away, and will update redstone components adjacent to the block they are attached to (including above and below) as well as redstone components adjacent to themselves:
- Of these redstone components, only buttons, levers, and tripwire hooks can attach sideways so can be used to produce an update QC activation. The others can be attached to a block beneath them, but then it's the block creating the update QC activation (described above).
- Immediate neighbors
- The following redstone components update only their immediate neighbors when they change their state, including above and below:
- Of these redstone components, only a daylight sensor can activate the space above a piston and thus can be used to produce an update QC activation.
The redstone components which cannot be used to put a piston into a QC activation may still be useful for updating them. For example, tripwire will update adjacent blocks when an entity moves into or out of its space, tripwire hooks will randomly update their neighbors (and the neighbors of their attachment blocks) when they receive a block tick, and activator rails and powered rails are useful in that they will update adjacent blocks when activated or deactivated (thus updates can be controlled with redstone without directly powering neighbors).
半连接性的优势
Although somewhat difficult to understand, quasi-connectivity does offer many benefits.
More activation options
Because a piston can be activated in its own space or the space above it, there are simply more options when figuring out how to activate it.
Remote activation
Because a piston can be activated by anything that would activate the space above it, pistons can be activated from two spaces away while most redstone components can only be activated from one space away.
方块更新感应器
Update QC activation can be used to create a block update detector: a redstone circuit which is triggered by a block update rather than a redstone power input.
A piston activated by quasi-connectivity is sometimes described as "BUD-powered". However, quasi-connectivity and block update detectors (BUDs) are neither synonymous nor even subsets of each other. There are methods of QC activation that do not produce block update detectors (for example, any immediate QC activation method) and there are block update detectors that do not depend on quasi-connectivity (for example, stuck-piston BUDs).
Torch keys
A torch key is a circuit which can react to the placement of a redstone torch in a particular location, even when the circuit is hidden beneath the ground. They are used to create a hidden method of activating another mechanism (for example, a piston door).
There are two primary methods of designing a torch key. The first is to place a block update detector under the ground so that the placement of a redstone torch will update the BUD -- however, BUDs can also be updated remotely by other redstone components, increasing the chances of discovery. The second method is to use immediate QC activation by placing the torch so that it simply activates a piston by quasi-connectivity.
Floating button
Similar to torch keys, but with an obvious input, a floating button is a button which doesn't appear to be connected to anything but can still be used. The strategy is to put a button far enough away that it can activate a piston by update QC activation and then repeatedly update the piston (without activating it) so that it responds quickly to the button turning on and off.
For example, the schematic on the left shows one way to build a floating button. The clock circuit on the left repeatedly powers and unpowers the powered rail next to the piston. When the powered rail changes state it will update the piston without activating it. If the piston is updated while the button has been pushed, it will extend because the button would activate a mechanism in the space above the piston. Similarly, if the piston is updated after the button pops back out, the piston will retract again.
A quieter floating button (right schematic) can be created by using a dropper instead of a piston and using it to push an item into a hopper which pushes it right back (unlike the dropper, the hopper isn't affected by redstone components two blocks above it), but briefly activates a comparator output. This version updates the dropper with a hopper clock, which is a little slower and thus slightly less responsive, but smaller than a torch-repeater clock.
半连接性的缺点
Quasi-connectivity can make it difficult to do things above pistons compactly without also activating them. For example, you can't run redstone dust over a block on a piston because the dust will affect the piston even if the block is a top slab.
应对方法
There are a number of strategies for getting a signal over a piston without affecting the piston:
- Go up a block and use redstone dust on a top slab
- Fastest transmission, but takes up the most vertical space.
- "Insulate" the space below with a repeater or comparator
- Adds minimum 1 tick delay to transmission, takes up two spaces above piston.
- Move a cauldron to power a comparator
- Adds 2.5 ticks delay to signal rising edge (1.5 ticks for piston extension, 1 tick for comparator) and 1 tick delay to signal falling edge, takes up only one space above piston. The difference in rising and falling edge delay will shorten pulses by 1.5 ticks. If the piston moving the cauldron gets a pulse shorter than 1.5 ticks, it will "drop" the cauldron in the extended position, turning on the output until the next time the input turns on and off again.
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