This is not a game guide, so if you're looking for definitions, you've come to the wrong place.
Dawn
You spawn in a world.
Minute Zero
0:00-0:30
Look around, take note of your surroundings. See if there are any trees around you.
0:30-1:00
Walk towards trees.
Minute One
1:00-2:00
Punch down the trees in the surrounding area.
Minute Two
2:00-2:10
Make workbench
2:10-3:00
Make tools - pickaxe, axe and shovel of planks.
Minute Three
3:00-3:20
Punch more trees.
3:20-4:00
It never hurts to get more wood.
Minute Four
4:00-4:30
Mine some stone.
4:30-5:00
Craft some stone tools.
Midday
You live in the world.
Minute Five
5:00-5:30
Mine some more resources with your new stone tools.
5:30-5:40
Pack up your Crafting Table.
5:40-6:00
Walk around, looking for a ideal place for your shelter.
Minute Six
6:00-7:00
Clear the area for your new shelter.
Minute Seven
7:00-9:00
Build your basic shelter (worry about size and looks later, focus on functionality).
Minute Eight
SEE ABOVE
Minute Nine
9:00-10:00
Get ready for the night and craft a bed if you gathered wool.
Minute Ten
10:00
Go to bed. If you have not gathered enough wool for a bed or do not want to use one, first check to see if your base is secure (is lit, has all four walls, and has a roof).
Dusk
You go to bed.