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A minimally efficient tree farm.
Tree farming is the process of planting a large number of saplings and waiting for them to grow into trees. These trees are then harvested for logs and more saplings, which can be used to grow another generation of trees. This can be repeated indefinitely, yielding a regular supply of logs without the hassle of covering large areas of terrain.
Some players prefer to farm larger trees, as they yield more logs per tree or per sapling. Other players prefer to farm smaller trees, as all the wood can be easily harvested from the ground and "floating canopies" do not persist for as long. For more information on the mechanics of tree growth, consult the article on trees.
Efficient tree farming
A tree farm just after planting.
A partially grown tree farm.
A closely planted tree farm.
An underground tree farm with 80% space efficiency
Since trees begin to grow branches on their main trunks once they reach a height of 6 blocks or more and the player can only harvest 6 blocks above the ground without climbing on something, the most efficient tree farm designs limit the height of trees to 8 blocks. This allows 6 blocks of logs as a "trunk" and 2 block of leaves above that. This is accomplished by adding a ceiling at 9th block above the ground, leaving a space 8 blocks high in which trees can grow. This allows all of the wood from the trees to be harvested quickly and with minimal effort.
It should be noted that leaving 8 blocks of space for trees to grow will not guarantee that all trees grow to this height. Trees will grow with trunks 4, 5 and 6 blocks in height, but not higher.
While prior to the Halloween update (31 Oct 2010), leaves were able to break glass and torches when growing horizontally, that is no longer true in post-Halloween and Beta versions.
Note: as of Beta 1.2_01 trees once again break torches - reportedly pine trees, more specifically.
Since trees will grow quite happily underground with a nearby light source, and will grow when in direct or diagonal contact with other trees, quite compact arrangements can be used for efficient use of space. The images to the right show that trees will grow quite happily in confined spaces and in close packed arrangements.
Underground saplings rely on torch light to grow. Various patterns of saplings and torches can be used to achieve varying degrees of space efficiency. Since saplings only require light level 9 to grow, a single torch starting at light level 14 can sufficiently light 60 saplings. However, this torch-efficient model comes at the cost of stability. Trees can grow and block the torch light to other saplings. The most space-efficient way to prevent grown trees from blocking light to other saplings is to have every sapling directly next to a torch (not diagonal). This strategy yields a maximum space efficiency of 80% since the pattern is made up of units of 1 torch + 4 saplings. The plus-sign shaped units can be arranged to completely fill an area as shown in the image to the right.
However, this kind of tree farming requires high, but somewhat infrequent, maintenance if you want to grow all your saplings then harvest them all at once. Once a tree grows, its leaves will block the saplings around it from growing(unless it is a large tree, but that has a small percent chance of happening). You have to come back every now and then to clear the leaves for the saplings. You only have to clear the leaves above the saplings and leave the rest, although they may fall eventually. Another way to overcome this problem is to chop down the trees that have grown, then let the saplings that haven't grown yet grow. This will significantly cut down on maintenance.