Tutorials/Mob farm

This article is about farms which spawn mobs in natural conditions. For single-species farms built around a spawner, see Tutorials/Spawner traps.

Mob farms are structures built to acquire mob drops more easily and in larger numbers. They usually consist of two components: a large, dark room to spawn mobs which are funneled into a central location, and a mob grinder to kill them quickly and efficiently.

Locations

The purpose for the farm is to provide a large area that is a viable spawn position for the intended targets, and to kill the mobs quickly. Due to the rules Minecraft applies to spawning mobs, this makes the choice of a location for the mob farm a difficult problem.

Farms placed on the surface can provide good drop rates during the day, when it is one of the few spots of dark ground, but has a sharp drop in effectiveness during nighttime, when the entire surface is dark enough to support mob spawning.

Farms built underground have a time-independent drop rate, and will remain within your personal spawn range for hostiles when you go mining, but their effectiveness depends on the amount of unlit caverns in your vicinity, which provide alternative places for mobs to spawn.

Farms floating high in the sky can achieve the best spawn rates during the day and night and you are far away from caves, as they represent the only viable spawn ground. However, building one in survival is rather dangerous, and due to their height they will stop working completely when you descend underground to mine resources. To produce loot, you have to stay at the height of the farm.

Farms constructed under an ocean can provide the best during day and night, as the ocean limits the viable spawn locations to open areas underground except for drowned which will spawn within the ocean water. You can also locate your base below it to ensure you will always be close enough to spawn monsters.

Superflat worlds will provide higher spawn rates than other worlds, as the missing air pockets underground reduce the amount of dark places.

The Nether is difficult to farm, as water evaporates and most mobs are immune to fire. This reduces the amount of functioning farm designs considerably. One could try to funnel the mobs through Nether Portals to circumvent the restrictions.

In Creative, you can use the spawn eggs to spawn the mobs and farm them infinitely and easily with Diamond or Netherite Swords.

Drops

What a mob farm produces depends on location and the type of grinder used to kill the mobs. Automatic killing prevents certain drops and experience, but is safer as the player is not required to be near the mobs. The following is a table of mobs that can be effectively farmed and their usual and player-caused drops. Player-caused drops and experience can be obtained only when the monster is ripped directly by the player.

Note that zombie, skeleton, and creeper heads will only drop if killed by a charged creeper. Wither skeletons, however, have a small chance to drop theirs no matter the cause of death, but still will always drop them when killed via charged creeper.

Mob	Normal drops	Player-caused drops	Spawn	Notes
Blaze	None	Blaze Rod	Spawns in Nether fortresses and at spawners.
Cave Spider	String	Spider Eye	Spawns at spawners in Mineshafts.	Wall climbing may clog passages. Can fit through spaces 0.5 blocks tall.
Creeper	Gunpowder Music Discs Creeper Head	None	Spawns in the Overworld when dark.	Music Discs drop only when a skeleton or stray kills the creepers, requiring special setup beforehand.
Drowned	Rotten Flesh	Gold Ingot Nautilus Shell Fishing Rod Trident Random Armor (Only from converted zombies) Carved Pumpkin‌ Jack o'Lantern‌	Spawn in rivers and most ocean biomes.	Drowned only drop tridents and nautilus shells if they spawned with these.
Enderman	Ender Pearl Block they hold	None	Spawns in the Overworld when dark, in the End and sometimes in the Nether.	Does not work with most water based farms as it will teleport out upon taking damage. Can break farms with randomly taken or placed blocks. Best farmed in the End or Warped Forest.
Ender Dragon	None	None	Spawns in the end when the player first enters the end, and can be respawned using end crystals.	At 500 xp per respawned dragon, the Ender Dragon is the largest renewable source of experience in the game. By using an unload chunk and TNT duplication bug, it is possible to farm this on a large scale in certain Minecraft versions.
Endermite	None	None	Have 5% chance to spawn when ender pearl lands.	Endermen attempt to kill endermites that spawn from ender pearls.
Evoker	Totem of Undying Ominous Banner	Emerald	Spawns during raids or in woodland mansions.	Evoker can summon evoker fangs or vexes.
Ghast	Gunpowder Ghast Tear	None	Spawns in the Nether.
Guardian	Prismarine Shard Prismarine Crystals Raw Cod/Cooked Cod if the guardian is killed by fire.	None	Spawns in Ocean monuments.
Husk	Rotten Flesh	Iron Shovel Iron Sword Random Armor Carved Pumpkin‌ Jack o'Lantern‌	Spawns in desert biomes.	Husks do not burn in sunlight. A husk that is submerged in water for 30 seconds converts to a normal zombie.
Hoglin	Leather Porkchop Cooked Porkchop if the hoglin is killed by fire.	None	Spawns in Crimson Forest biome.	Hoglins avoid warped fungi (including in a flower pot), nether portals, and respawn anchors.
Magma Cube	Magma Cream	None	Spawns in the Nether.	Magma cubes cannot be hurt by fall damage or burning.
Phantom	None	Phantom Membrane	Spawns in night when player didn´t sleep.	Phantom is undead mob.
Pillager	Ominous Banner Items that drops during raids: ‌ Emerald Enchanted Book Iron Pickaxe Iron Axe Iron Shovel Iron Sword Iron Helmet Iron Chestplate Iron Leggings Iron Boots	Crossbow Arrow‌	Spawns in patrols, around pillager outposts and during raids.	If the player kills a pillager wearing a banner on its head, the player receives the Bad Omen status effect.
Ravager	Saddle	None	Spawns during raids.
Silverfish	None	None	Can be farmed at stronghold spawners.	The ability to hide in blocks could potentially damage the farm if it is made of stone. They can fit through spaces 0.5 blocks tall.
Skeleton	Arrow Bone Bow Skeleton Skull	Bow Random Armor Carved Pumpkin‌ Jack o'Lantern‌	Spawns in the Overworld when dark, Skeleton Dungeon spawner, Soul Sand Valley, and sometimes in the nether fortress.
Slime	Slimeball	None	Spawns in Swamp biomes or in slime chunks below y level 40.	Large slimes could clog smaller passages.
Spider	String	Spider Eye	Spawns in the overworld when dark or from spawners in Dungeons.	Wall-climbing can clog up passages.
Stray	Bone Arrow Wither Skeleton Skull	Arrow of Slowness Bow Carved Pumpkin‌ Jack o'Lantern‌	Spawns under the sky in Snowy Tundra, Snowy Mountains, Ice Spikes, Frozen River, Frozen Ocean,‌ Deep Frozen Ocean‌ and Legacy Frozen Ocean‌.
Vex	None	None	Can be summoned by evoker	They are capable of flying through the air, and can freely pass through any block, including water and lava, without taking damage.
Vindicator	Ominous Banner Items that drops during raids: ‌ Emerald Enchanted Book Iron Pickaxe Iron Axe Iron Shovel Iron Sword Iron Helmet Iron Chestplate Iron Leggings Iron Boots	Axe	Spawns in woodland mansions, during raid or in patrols ‌.	A vindicator named Johnny is hostile to every mob except ghasts and illagers.
Wither Skeleton	Coal Bone Wither Skeleton Skull	Wither Skeleton Skull Stone Sword Carved Pumpkin‌ Jack o'Lantern‌	Spawns in Nether fortresses. On normal or hard difficulties, the wither spawns 4 wither skeletons when below half health ‌.	When wither skeleton attacks an entity, the entity is inflicted with the wither effect for 10 seconds.
Witch	Glass Bottle Glowstone Dust Redstone Dust Spider Eye Stick Sugar Gunpowder	Potion of Healing Potion of Fire Resistance Potion of Swiftness Potion of Water Breathing	Spawns in Swamp huts, anywhere in the Overworld when dark, during raids or when villager struck by lightning.	Witches cannot open doors or use cauldrons.
Zoglin	Rotten Flesh	None	Spawns spawn when a hoglin has been in the Overworld or the End for 300 game ticks (15 seconds).	Zoglins attack every player, armor stand and every mob except to creepers, charged creepers and other zoglins.
Zombie	Rotten Flesh Zombie Head	Iron Ingot Carrot Potato Iron Shovel Iron Sword Random Armor Carved Pumpkin‌ Jack o'Lantern‌	Spawns in the Overworld when dark, from Zombie Dungeon spawner, during siege, or converted from husk	Baby zombie variant is twice as fast and 1 block tall; a zombie farm should account for this to prevent escapes. When converted drowned, they can also drop nautilus shells.
Zombified Piglin	Rotten Flesh Gold Nugget	Gold Ingot Golden Sword Carved Pumpkin‌ Jack o'Lantern‌	Spawns in the Nether and in the Overworld near Nether Portals, or when pig struck by lightning.	Baby pigman are twice as fast and 1 block tall, similar to baby zombies. If a Zombie Pigman dies while targeting the player, it will drop experience. This mechanic has been used to create xp farms.

Designs

When planning a mob farm, one should always consider the necessary size, which depends on where one plans to be in relation to the area. If you plan to be directly beneath the center of the farm, waiting for the items, the radius in which mobs would spawn can be easily used to calculate the size of the farm:

floor( sqrt(1024 - (Spawn Floor Height - Collection Floor Height)^2 )) = Spawn Room Radius

If you plan to spend your time in a less defined position, it might be easier to stack a simple design several times, ensuring that at least some areas are in the spawn range while limiting complexity.

TIP: If you are making a room that relies on darkness to spawn mobs, cave sounds and bats are good signs that your spawner is dark enough to let hostile mobs spawn.

Spawning Tower

One of the most popular overworld designs for a general mob farm is based on a tower of spawning pads that are periodically flushed with water to push the mobs off so that they die from fall damage. The water comes from a central pillar of dispensers and observers that cascade a clock signal between platforms. This type of farm is known for its high production rates, simplicity, reliability, and ease of build. Examples are provided in the videos below for Java and work in 1.16.

Sinkhole

The easiest possible design consists of a large, empty area of simple shape, with one or more holes in the ground for the mobs to drop through. The edge of each hole has to be lined with opened trapdoors or gates to trick the Mob AI into believing the hole to be solid ground. Trapdoors can also be controlled with redstone, so one could shut off the farm by closing the holes remotely.

The whole room is closed by a roof to create a minimal light level. A roof height of 3 allows Endermen to spawn, while a roof height of 1 would restrict the farm to spiders.

Sinkhole farms are not very effective, as the chance for a mob to wander into a hole is small, and zero when the player is so far away that the mobs freeze. But they can be built quickly and cheaply and will work in the Nether as well (which other designs requiring water won't, because you can't place water in the Nether).

Canal-style

Example layout of a 38x38 Canal-Style farm

To improve the chances of a mob falling into the holes, one can add channels filled with flowing water, leading to the central hole. The channels are lined with open trapdoors to trick the mobs into falling in, and the water transports them into the grinders. Such a design requires a bit of planning to ensure that there is no stationary water in which the mobs might get stuck, reducing effectiveness.

Since the system uses water to transport mobs, it will fail to capture Endermen, which teleport away when touching water. Therefore, the roof of the cavern should be 2 blocks above the ground to prevent griefing of your farm by Endermen taking blocks.

Compact canal design

Compact Canal design

A very easily built design can be made in a 20x20 area, using eight water source blocks to fill the channels, which are exactly eight blocks long so that the water stops exactly at the edges of the central hole. The design can be easily stacked or placed next to each other to increase the effectiveness. This design can be made even smaller as shown in the video (14x14 area). Shrinking the design can be done by using signs to cut off the water flow at the edge of the sinkhole, forcing the mobs to fall into the central hole.

Minimal canal design

Minimal Canal design, using glass to show the flow of water

If there is not enough space for larger designs, this might be used. Its small size of 10x10 or 20x20 (inner area) makes it able to be incorporated into larger construction projects without trouble. It uses four water source blocks, one in each corner, with the water flowing around 3x3 squares of building material to the central hole. The parts of the water between the wall and the blocks is closed over to provide more spawning area.

Large Chamber Fully Automatic Design

Large Chamber Fully Automatic

This is a very large farm that requires a lot of resources, it has 6 spawn chambers in each building, and redstone controlling it. It outputs 4 waves of average 10-15 mobs every 16 or so seconds.

Active mob displacement

The Canal-Style System still suffers from the mobs freezing when outside a certain range around your character. Active Systems can correct that problem, using Redstone and Dispensers filled with a Water bucket to flood the spawning grounds repeatedly, flushing all mobs into the channels to be transported to the grinders. Thus, the farm provides area for the mobs to spawn in, but does not rely on mob movement to get them into the grinder. Using this, one can omit the trapdoors needed for the other, passive designs.

Sunlight mob farm

Another very simple design is the sunlight farm. This design takes advantage of the fact that undead mobs will search for protection from the sunlight. This farm is very easy to build and only requires a good amount of opaque blocks and trapdoors. The construction is simple: first, dig a 5x5 pit three blocks deep. On the center block, make a seven block tall tower. From the topmost block, build a 5x5 overhang. This will attract the mobs. Finally, place open trapdoors along the rim of the pit. Once day breaks, any undead mobs will walk toward the farm to escape the sun. Unable to sense the open trapdoors, they will fall into the pit. The player can then easily finish them off. For a fully automatic design, the pit could be filled with magma blocks.

Using observer blocks

The designs shown in the YouTube videos above are somewhat resource intensive, but this design requires only the following materials:

• 1 dispenser (per layer)
• 1 water bucket (per layer)
• 1 observer (per layer)
• 112 opaque blocks of choice (per layer)
• 1 clock (e.g. an Ethonian hopper clock: 2 hoppers, 2 sticky pistons, 2 comparators)
• A capture layer (just several dozen hoppers leading into a chest)

In addition to being inexpensive, it is also easier to build.

The design uses three different layers that are repeated with a redstone clock added to the top layer. The layers are as follows:

1. Top layer: An observer block, facing up observing the dispenser it; the rest of this layer is air.
2. Middle layer: This layer is completely air (once the dispenser is triggered, it will be filled with water taking the block above the dispenser at it's center).
3. Bottom layer: The dispenser (facing up, surrounded by opaque blocks (e.g. cobblestone) to hold the water. Fill the dispensers are filled with a bucket of water.

For layer one, the blocks must hold all of the water, so go out seven blocks in each direction, then fill in diagonally. Optionally, you can surround these blocks with signs to prevent spiders from climbing up. However, this would be a large amount of work for little benefit.

This mechanism can cascade downwards through quasi-connectivity. When the top dispenser is triggered the observer see the state change and signals down to the air gap above the dispenser below, activating it through quasi-connectivity.

This will cascade down through all of the layers (make as many as you like, but anywhere between 3 and 10 should be plenty). To start this cascade, the topmost dispenser needs to be activated. It is recommended to do so using an Ethonian hopper clock with about ten items in it. You can trigger the topmost observer using the redstone output from one of the emplacement the redstone block could be in the clock. It is also recommended to make the layer on which you place the clock bigger than the other the hide the layers under from the sun, and to place torchs on it to prevent mob spawn.

Villager

This method works only on zombies and drowned because they are attracted to villagers. This is tricky, as you need a village to get the villager into the right position. This method works by having one or more villagers trapped in a place, so they can't get out. Any nearby zombies will go to the villagers. You can make a maze that the zombies have to go through so that you need only one trap. However, there needs to be some sort of trap that the zombies will fall in to get to the villagers (e.g. a ton of soul sand in water or in air, fall damage, etc.).

Turtle Eggs

This method only works on zombies, drowned and zombie piglins as they are all zombified variants. This method uses turtle eggs in the 1.13 update which has the unique property of attracting zombies and their variants, this can be used in combination with open trapdoors above a drop to lure any undead mobs into a killing chamber. Used as a popular choice for zombie piglin farms in the nether and can be used as a method to lure zombies rather than other mobs in a standard mob farm. Typically used for gold farms in the nether to trade with regular piglins and for collecting the drops from regular zombies in the overworld such as rotten flesh to trade with the cleric villager.

Other designs

Instead of using water to transport mobs, there are various other methods to make them move towards the grinder, all of which may work better with certain mobs, but can have higher resource requirements or lesser gathering rates.

One-way doors

Relying on the random movement of mobs, One-Way Door Designs use doors or pistons to prevent the mobs from wandering backwards. Making several sets of doors can increase the speed with which the mobs move towards the hole.

The easiest configuration consists of a wall of doors (Iron on Hard difficulty to prevent Zombies from smashing them, or fencegates, or maybe trapdoors somehow. Use wooden doors on other difficulties) with a row of pressure plates in front of them. When the mobs walk onto the pressure plates, the door opens, letting them through, but once on the other side, they can't open the door since there is no switch.

With Pistons, the arrangement is reversed, with the pressure plates on the desired side, and the pistons pointing upwards, so that they block the path of the mobs when extended. This design works only with a 2-block high roof to prevent the mobs from jumping, and even then might fail on spiders. However, it requires considerably more common ingredients than the iron door variant.

Such systems can also be used to "store" mobs after gathering them from the farm, so that they later can be killed for the rare drops and experience.

Slime

This farm design uses large slimes to push mobs off ledges. The simplest way to get these slimes are through a slime farm. As for the rates, it gets over 20,000 items per hour, as said in the video title.

Transporting mobs

After collecting the mobs from the farm, it might be beneficial to transport them to a different location before grinding them, so that you can access the items more easily while remaining at a close-to optimal position for the spawning of your farms.

Horizontal transportation

Horizontal Transportation can be done easily using flowing water, with a drop of 1 block vertically for every 8 block traveled horizontally. Build a tunnel with a height of 3 blocks and a width equal to the size of your gathering holes (usually 2). Mine forward to a length of 8 Blocks, so that water placed at the start ends exactly at the drop. Repeat, but one block lower, so that the mobs fall from one funnel part to the next. Mine out the roof at the higher level for 2 or 3 more blocks to prevent spider clinging to the walls from clogging up the funnel.

Spider grinder

Alternatively, one can use a cactus to grind the spiders immediately. To do this, make the first funnel part only 7 block long and place only one water source block instead of two. Place a sand block and a cactus on top on the same side as the source block. To place the cactus, you have to mine out the block next to it. To ensure the water flow on the next part, mine out the wall block next to the sand and add the water sources there and next to the sand, where there would usually be one.

Downward transportation

Transporting mobs and items downward is trivial, simply let them drop down a chute with a water brake at the bottom. Or omit the water brake when you want the mobs to die from fall damage.

Upward transportation

Upward transportation uses the fact that nearly all mobs will attempt to swim in water, moving upwards. Therefore, to get the mobs moving upwards, one has to provide only a column of water with enough air holes to prevent them from drowning. This can be done by arranging signs or ladders and water source blocks in the following vertical configuration:

This can be repeated indefinitely in any direction for a mob elevator. When arriving at the right height, flowing water on top of the topmost ladder is enough to dislodge them.

Slimes will not swim in versions prior to Java Edition 1.8, which can be used to separate them from other mobs.

As of Java Edition 1.13 and Bedrock Edition 1.5.0, a block of soul sand can be placed at the bottom of a column of water source blocks to force entities quickly upwards, while also supplying air for long distances. If soul sand is not used, undead mobs can be separated from the others because they will not swim upwards.

Grinding

Main article: Tutorials/Mob grinder

The last part of a mob farm is to kill the gathered mobs and collect their items. This can be done in different ways, using the variety of damage available in Minecraft, like falling, suffocating, drowning, burning, sunlight (for undead), touching cacti, simply player-applied damage from weapons or lava.

Passive Systems do not change to kill the mobs, they rely on constantly available damage sources. Traditional mob grinders used "Lava Blades" and "Drowning Traps". While, newer models use magma blocks to kill mobs above the minecart/hopper retrieval system.

Active Systems have to change configuration to actually kill mobs, usually in the form of redstone devices. The most known might be the "Piston Grinder", which applies suffocation damage by pushing an opaque block into the head of the mob. While possibly faster than passive systems in killing, active systems usually have a limited capacity, and higher amounts of mobs might clog or even jam the system. The "Minecart Grinder" uses Minecarts to carry the mobs into one block high space, suffocating them. This method can jam up too, but is fairly amusing.

EXP farms are systems that capture and soften up the mobs, but rely on the player to deliver the killing blow, so that the rare drops and experience can be gathered. An example would be a nearly-lethal falling height which would reduce the majority of mobs to half a heart, easily killed even without a weapon. However, such systems are only as good as the player using them, and in constant danger of being destroyed by creepers if not built out of obsidian, or if the player is out of sight of the creeper, in which case it will not explode. Also on bedrock edition one can make a piston push a trident back and forth for AFK xp.

With the Hopper, it becomes easy to collect the dropped items, even without player interference. This makes fully automatic mob farms possible where the loot will be deposited in a chest for easy accessibility.

Performance concerns

See also: Tick § Game tick

• You should clear out the entire chunk where the mob farm is by placing torches. The game has a limit on the number of hostile mobs per chunk, so it's a good idea to make sure all of them spawn in the farm.
• You may need a somewhat beefy computer to operate the farm, since mob AI can be very taxing on the server component of the game program. Check the TPS indication if you are on singleplayer, or ask about the server host for rules on multiplayer servers. The quicker mobs are killed, the less likely AI is going to be a problem.