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Renewable Resources are resources that can be recreated indefinitely (as opposed to nonrenewable resources). While running out of resources isn't likely to be a factor due to theoretically infinite (and still quite vast in practice) map generation, this is a list of resources that can produced over and over without having to explore for more.

The listed Fully Renewable Products are items which can be crafted or smelted using only renewable resources. Note that TNT and Arrows are created from a combination of renewable and non-renewable resources (Sand and Flint).

Fully renewable resources

These resources do not require any nonrenewable items in order to be collected.

Resource Fully Renewable Products Method
Arrows
Dropped by killed skeletons.
Beef
Dropped by killed cows.
Blaze Rods
Dropped by killed blazes.
Bones
Dropped by killed skeletons.
Cacti
Will grow to 3 blocks high and can be trimmed or replanted. Must first be found in the world.
Chicken Eggs
Dropped roughly every 7 minutes by living chickens.
Cobblestone and Stone
ButtonStone BrickStone Bricks Slabs Let flowing Lava meet Water. (One should take care not to let the water come into contact with the lava source block, which will extinguish the lava to make obsidian.) Smooth stone is created when letting lava fall on water and can be harvested with a pickaxe with a silk touch enchantment, or by smelting cobblestone with the renewable fuel of your choice.
Crops
Harvesting Crops may produce Seeds, which can be used to produce more Crops. Seeds can also be harvested from Tall Grass.
Diamond (Gem)
Diamond (Gem)
Diamond (Block) Obtained by killing Enderman as of 12w06a.
Ender Pearls
Enderpearl
Dropped by killed endermen.
Feathers
Dropped by killed chickens.
Fish
Obtained by fishing using a Fishing Rod.
Flowers
FlowersFlowers
Can occasionally spawn when Bone Meal is used to generate patches of Tall Grass.
Ghast Tears
Dropped by killed ghasts.
Gold Nuggets and Gold Ingots
Gold SwordGold PickaxeGold ShovelGold AxeGold HoeGold (Block)Gold HelmetGold ChestplateGold LeggingsGold Boots Dropped by killed Zombie Pigmen.
Gunpowder
Dropped by killed creepers and ghasts.
Huge Mushroom
Huge MushroomsHuge MushroomsHuge Mushrooms
Using Bone Meal on normal Mushrooms will grow them into Huge Mushrooms (if there is enough space), and can then be broken to get more of the normal mushroom. With the Silk Touch enchantment though, the Huge Mushroom blocks themselves can be collected.
Ink Sacs
Dropped by killed squid.
Iron Ingots
Iron (Ingot)
Iron (Block)Rails Dropped by killed zombies in 12w06a
Leather
Dropped by killed cows.
Magma Cream
Dropped by killed magma cubes.
Melon Seeds
Melon Seeds are only found in Abandoned Mine Shafts. They can be renewed once grown by breaking a melon stem, or crafting them from melon slices.
Milk Obtained by milking Cows or Mooshrooms with bucket.
Mushrooms
MushroomsMushrooms
Using Bone Meal on normal Mushrooms will grow them into Huge Mushrooms, if there is enough space, and can then be broken to get more of the normal mushroom. Normal mushrooms also spread slowly on their own. Also, Mooshrooms can be sheared for red mushrooms or milked for Mushroom Stew, which can also be crafted with a bowl and both mushrooms.
Music Discs
Music DiscsMusic DiscsMusic DiscsMusic DiscsMusic DiscsMusic DiscsMusic DiscsMusic DiscsMusic DiscsMusic Discs
Get a skeleton to kill a creeper with its arrows.
Nether Wart
Nether Wart Seeds
Harvested from fully grown nether wart.
Obsidian
Entering a Nether Portal for which there is no matching exit will generate 14 free blocks of Obsidian (and 4 more "ledge" blocks if the portal is formed in mid-air). Only mining the corners (and "ledges") will keep the portal active.
Pork
Dropped by killed pigs.
Pumpkin Seeds
Pumpkin seeds
Jack-O-Lantern Pumpkin Seeds are found in Abandoned Mine Shafts. You can also get seeds from putting a pumpkin in a crafting table or by breaking Pumpkin Stems.
Raw Chicken
Dropped by killed chickens.
Red Apples
Red Apple
Broken Leaves blocks each have a 0.5% chance to drop an apple.
Rotten Flesh
Dropped by killed zombies and Zombie Pigmen.
Saplings and Trees
SaplingSapling SpruceSapling BirchSapling Jungle
[note 1]
WoodWood (Pine)Wood (Birch)Wood (Jungle)Wooden PlankLaddersFenceFence GateWooden DoorTrapdoorSignWooden StairsWooden Pressure PlateJack-O-LanternCharcoal (Item)BedGold SwordGold PickaxeGold ShovelGold AxeGold HoeRailsRed AppleLeavesLeaves (Pine)Leaves (Birch)Leaves (Jungle) Trees can be grown from Saplings placed on lit Dirt; breaking trees' Leaves drops saplings. See tree farming. Charcoal can be produced by smelting any kind of log. Leaves can be obtained by harvesting with shears.
Slimeballs
Dropped by killed slimes.
Snow
Snow is replaced whenever it snows in snow biomes, and is also produced by Snow Golems. Shoveling it will yield snowballs, but with a shovel enchanted with Silk Touch, the snow tile itself is obtainable.
Snowballs
Snow (Block) Snow is replaced whenever it snows, and is also produced by Snow Golems.
Spider Eye
Dropped by killed spiders.
String
Bed Dropped by killed spiders.
Sugar Canes
Will grow to 3 blocks high and can be trimmed or replanted. Must first be found in the world.
Tall Grass
Tall Grass1Tall Grass2Tall Grass3
Obtained by harvesting with shears.
Vines
Obtained by harvesting with shears.
Water
Two water spring blocks in the appropriate pattern produce a third; see Water for details.
Wool
Bed Obtained by killing sheep (Or shearing and regrowing as of 12w06a), crafting 4 strings dropped by spiders, by breeding two sheep which will result in a child caring the same type of wool as the parents, or by using Shears on Sheep. Six of the shown colors (white, light gray, gray, black, brown and pink) occur naturally in sheep; green, lime, red, orange and yellow wool require renewable dyes to produce.

Renewable, but require nonrenewable resources

These resources can be made infinitely, but to collect require nonrenewable items/resources with infinite uses.

Resource Fully Renewable Products Method
Wool - Blue, Light Blue, Cyan, Purple, and Magenta
Bed Baby sheep will maintain the color of their parents. Killing a colored sheep will drop one block of colored wool, however since 12w06a, use of regrowth is also renewable.

However, two uses of the respective dye, containing non-renewable Lapis Lazuli (Dye), are required to color the parent sheep.

Renewable, but exhaust nonrenewable resources

These resources can be made infinitely, but to collect require nonrenewable items with limited durability.

Resource Fully Renewable Products Method

Notes

  1. Because saplings have a 1/16 chance to fall from a leaf block, there is a chance that a tree will not drop any saplings. However, the number of generated trees is virtually infinite, making the chance to not get any saplings from destroying all trees negligible.
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