Function (Java Edition)

Functions allow players to run lists of commands using text files with the extension .mcfunction. It is recommended to use UTF-8 encoding (without BOM) for function files to prevent any problems.

Usage

To utilize functions, the text files must first be placed into a top-level folder within [WORLD_NAME]/data/functions‌ or into [WORLD_NAME]/datapacks/[DATA_PACK_NAME]/data/[NAMESPACE]/functions.‌ For single player, the world folders can be found in .minecraft/saves. For multiplayer, functions must be placed in every world folder that wants to utilize them (In 1.12 you MUST place the functions inside the main world folder (the one specified in the server.properties, level-name=(world-name here)), otherwise it will NOT work.). The name of the new top-level folder will be the namespace used when running the functions inside. Functions can also be placed into subfolders within the top-level folder.

For example, running the function custom:example/test will refer to the file located at functions/custom/example/test.mcfunction. If the namespace is left out when trying to call a function, it will default to the minecraft: namespace. Using a custom namespace is recommended in order to prevent unintended behavior in the case of future additions to the default namespace.

Functions, being text files, are easily modifiable and less likely than command blocks to induce lag when used in large quantities. If a function is modified or added, using the /reload command will reload the function files from disk. This allows Minecraft to recognize any changes to the function files, without the need to quit and re-enter the world.

Upon successfully running a function, a message will display in the chat: Executed [amount] command(s) from function '[function file directory]'. The successful output of the commands inside a function cannot be measured with a comparator (although the same effect could be accomplished with the use of /stats and /scoreboard commands).

Function syntax

Testing the function system. Three /tellraw messages and one /give command were used in this simple function.

Within the .mcfunction file, one valid command is placed per line, without the usual forward slash (/). Players can add comments within the function text file by preceding them with a #.

Individual commands in functions can be longer than the 32,500 character limit in command blocks but the total number of commands run inside a function will still obey /gamerule maxCommandChainLength, which is 65,536 commands by default; any commands beyond this limit will be ignored.

Running a function

Functions will run all of their commands in a single tick and functions called from within other functions will also run their commands in the same tick as their parent. Functions will use the command environment of whatever called the function. This includes command sender, position, rotation, etc.

Changes to the command environment that happen within a function will not affect the command environment used by the other commands within that same function (or within its child functions) until the next iteration, regardless of the order of commands. The /execute command is an exception and will update the command environment.

For example:

1.12

execute @a ~ ~ ~ function foo:bar

foo:bar

teleport @s ~ ~5 ~
setblock ~ ~-1 ~ emerald_block
execute @s ~ ~ ~ setblock ~ ~-1 ~ diamond_block

1.13

execute as @a at @s run function foo:bar

foo:bar

teleport @s ~ ~5 ~
setblock ~ ~-1 ~ emerald_block
execute at @s run setblock ~ ~-1 ~ diamond_block

When called through a player this function will teleport that player 5 blocks up, place an emerald block one block below their original position before the teleport, and place a diamond block one block below their new position after the teleport. This behavior does not affect target selector arguments.

There are several methods of running a function file in-game:

Parancs

/function

• Allows players to run a function once.
• The commands in the function are run through the entity or command block that ran the /function command.
• The optional arguments if and unless will make the function only run when the selector was found or not found in the world respectively.
• Usage: /function <name>

/gamerule gameLoopFunction‌

• Runs a function every tick.
• The commands in the function are run through the server.
  • The coordinates from which the "server" executes commands are (0, 0, 0).
• If multiple functions need to be looped, it is possible to insert function commands into this looped function file, put function commands in those functions, etc.
• Usage: /gamerule gameLoopFunction <namespace:path/to/function/file>
• To stop the loop just point gameLoopFunction to a non-existing function: /gamerule gameLoopFunction -, this value is also the default.

Advancements

Advancements can run a function once as a reward for completing them. The commands in the function are run through the player who completed the advancement.

Reward functions are called within advancement JSON files using the following format:

{
    "rewards": {
        "function": "namespace:path/to/function/file"
    }
}

Tags‌

Functions can be grouped together using tags in data packs. These tags can then be called to run all the functions inside that tag with /function #(namespace):tag.

Functions tagged in minecraft:tick will automatically run every tick at the beginning of the tick. Functions tagged in minecraft:load will run after (re)loading the datapack.

History

release
1.12 {{Extension DPL}}<ul><li>[[Apple|Apple]]<br/>{{for}} {{Item | title = Apple | image = Apple.png | renewable = Yes | heals = {{hunger|4}} | stackable = Yes (64) }} '''Apples''' are [[food]] items that can be eaten by the [[player]]. == Obtaining == === Block loot === Oak and dark oak [[leaves]] have 0.5% ({{frac|1|200}}) chance of dropping an apple when decayed or broken, but not if burned. Breaking leaves with a [[tool]] enchanted with the [[Fortune]] enchantment increases the chances of dropping an apple: 0.556% ({{frac|1|180}}) with Fortune I, 0.625% ({{frac|1|160}}) with Fortune II, and 0.833% ({{frac|1|120}}) with Fortune III. === Chest loot === {{LootChestItem|apple}} === Trading === Apprentice-level [[Trading#Farmer|farmer]] [[Villager|villagers]] have a 50% ({{frac|1|2}}){{only|bedrock}} or 66.7% ({{frac|2|3}}){{only|java}} chance of selling 4 apples as part of their trades. == Usage == {{see also|Tutorials/Hunger management|title1=Hunger management}} To eat an apple, press and hold {{control|use}} while it is selected in the hotbar. Eating one restores {{hunger|4}} [[hunger]] and 2.4 [[Hunger#Mechanics|saturation]]. === Crafting ingredient === {{crafting usage}} === Composting === Placing an apple into a [[composter]] has a 65% ({{frac|13|20}}) chance of raising the compost level by 1. == Sounds == {{Sound table/Entity/Food}} == Data values == === ID === {{edition|java}}: {{ID table |edition=java |showforms=y |generatetranslationkeys=y |displayname=Apple |spritetype=item |nameid=apple |form=item |foot=1}} {{edition|bedrock}}: {{ID table |edition=bedrock |shownumericids=y |showforms=y |notshowbeitemforms=y |generatetranslationkeys=y |displayname=Apple |spritetype=item |nameid=apple |id=257 |form=item |foot=1}} == Advancements == {{load advancements|Husbandry;A Balanced Diet}} == History == {{History|java indev}} {{History||0.31|snap=20091231-2|[[File:Apple JE1 BE1.png|32px]] Added apples. |Apples are currently non-functional in this version.}} {{History|||snap=20100110|Apples are now functional and are edible, restoring {{hp|2}}. They are intended to replace [[mushroom]]s, which were previously edible.}} {{History|||snap=20100128|Apples now used to [[craft]] [[arrow]]s.}} {{History|||snap=20100129|Apples no longer used to craft [[arrow]]s.}} {{History||20100206|Apples now use the texture of [[golden helmet]]s.}} {{History|java infdev}} {{History||February 23, 2010|link=none|At the bottom of a [[crafting]] guide they made, a player named JTE jokingly indicated that [[Notch]] dropped an apple when killed, and that apples could be crafted into something called a "[[golden apple]]" – this was a joke on the fact that apples were totally unobtainable.<ref>http://www.minecraftforum.net/topic/2750582-the-secret-history-of-minecraft/</ref><ref name="JTECraftingGuide">https://echidnatribe.org/Minecraft/crafting.php (This is an unofficial recreation with the original domain)</ref>}} {{History||20100227-1|Players named "[[Notch]]" now drop an apple when they die in addition to their [[inventory]]. |Apples are now used to craft golden apples. |Apples now correctly use the apple texture again.}} {{History||20100327|With the addition of the respawn feature, apples have become legitimately obtainable in Survival and renewable for players named "Notch".}} {{History|java beta}} {{History||1.8|snap=Pre-release|Apples can now be found in the new [[stronghold]] storeroom [[chest]]s, making them obtainable in normal [[Survival]] gameplay for the first time. |Apples now restore {{hunger|4}} instead of {{hp|4}}. |Apples are now stackable.}} {{History|java}} {{History||1.0.0|snap=Beta 1.9 Prerelease 3|Apples are now found in the new stronghold altar chests.}} {{History||1.1|snap=11w48a|Oak [[leaves]] now have a 1/200 chance of dropping an apple when destroyed, making apples fully [[renewable]].}} {{History|||snap=12w01a|Apples are now found in the new [[village]] blacksmith chests.}} {{History||1.3.1|snap=12w16a|Apples can now be found in the new [[bonus chest]]s.}} {{History|||snap=12w18a|"[[Notch]]" players no longer drop apples when they die.}} {{History|||snap=12w21a|Farmer [[villager]]s now [[trade|sell]] 5 apples for 1 [[emerald]]. |Apples are now used to craft [[enchanted golden apple]]s.}} {{History||1.4.2|snap=12w37a|[[File:Apple JE2 BE2.png|32px]] The apple's texture has been changed: the [[item]] sprite no longer has a dark outline and now has a more detailed look.}} {{History||1.5|snap=13w09b|The [[Fortune]] enchantment now increases the chance of dropping apples.}} {{History||1.7.2|snap=13w43a|Added [[dark oak]] leaves, which drop apples.}} {{history||1.9|snap=15w43a|Apples may now be found in [[igloo]] basement chests.}} {{history|||snap=15w44a|Average yield of apples has been slightly increased in bonus chests. |Apples can no longer be used to craft enchanted golden apples.}} {{History||1.11|snap=16w33a|Farmer villagers now sell 5–7 apples for 1 emerald.}} {{History||1.13|snap=17w47a|Prior to [[1.13/Flattening|''The Flattening'']], this item's numeral ID was 260.}} {{History||1.14|snap=18w43a|[[File:Apple JE3 BE3.png|32px]] The texture of apples has been changed.}} {{History|||snap=18w48a|Apples can now be found in [[chest]]s in [[plains]] village houses.}} {{History|||snap=19w03a|Placing an apple into the new [[composter]] has a 50% chance of raising the compost level by 1.}} {{History|||snap=19w05a|Apples now have a 65% chance of increasing the compost level in a composter by 1.}} {{History|pocket alpha}} {{History||v0.4.0|[[File:Apple JE1 BE1.png|32px]] Added apples.}} {{History||v0.5.0|Apples now restore {{hp|4}} instead of {{hp|2}}.}} {{History||v0.8.0|snap=build 1|[[File:Apple JE2 BE2.png|32px]] The apple's texture has been changed: the item sprite no longer has a dark outline and now has a more detailed look.}} {{History||v0.12.1|snap=build 1|Added apples to the [[Creative inventory]]. |Apples are now stackable. |Apples now restore {{hunger|4}} instead of {{hp|4}}. |The [[Fortune]] [[enchantment]] can now be used to increase chance of dropping apples. |Apples can now be used to craft golden apples and enchanted golden apples.}} {{History||v0.15.0|snap=build 1|Apples can now be used to feed [[horse]]s.}} {{History|pocket}} {{History||1.0.0|snap=alpha 0.17.0.1|Apples can now be found inside [[igloo]] chests.}} {{History||1.0.4|snap=alpha 1.0.4.0|Farmer villagers now sell 5-7 apples for 1 emerald.}} {{History|bedrock}} {{History||1.2.0|snap=beta 1.2.0.2|Apples can no longer be used to craft enchanted golden apples. |Apples can now be found inside bonus chests.}} {{History||1.10.0|snap=beta 1.10.0.3|Apples can now be found in [[plains]] village weaponsmith chests and plains house chests. |[[File:Apple JE3 BE3.png|32px]] The texture of apples has been changed.}} {{History||1.11.0|snap=beta 1.11.0.1|Apples can now be found in [[desert]], [[savanna]], [[taiga]] and [[snowy taiga]] village weaponsmith chests. |Apples can now be used to fill up composters.}} {{History|||snap=beta 1.11.0.4|Farmer villagers now sell 4 apples as part of their second tier trades.}} {{History|console}} {{History||xbox=TU1|wiiu=Patch 1|[[File:Apple JE1 BE1.png|32px]] Added apples.}} {{History||xbox=TU5|Apples are now stackable. |Apples now restore {{hunger|4}} instead of {{hp|4}}.}} {{History||xbox=TU12|ps=1.03|[[File:Apple JE2 BE2.png|32px]] The apple's texture has been changed: the item sprite no longer has a dark outline and now has a more detailed look.}} {{History||xbox=none|xbone=none|ps=1.90|wiiu=none|switch=none|[[File:Apple JE3 BE3.png|32px]] The texture of apples has been changed.}} {{History|New 3DS}} {{History||0.1.0|[[File:Apple JE2 BE2.png|32px]] Added apples.}} {{History|foot}} == Issues == {{issue list}} == Trivia == *Prior to the texture update in Java Edition 1.4.2, the sprite of the apple was the same one used in [[Notch]]'s game ''[[Legend of the Chambered]]''. *Before it was added to ''Minecraft'', apples dropping from trees was already a feature in ''[[Minicraft]]''. == Gallery == <gallery> Apple in Stronghold.png|An apple found in a stronghold chest. Apple Item.png|An apple that dropped from decaying leaves. Obtaining an apple by trading.png|Obtaining apples via villager trading. File:Candy Apple (Trails and Tales Summer Event) Render.png|The Candy Apple, an item featured in the [[Trails & Tales Event]]. </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} == External Links == *[https://www.minecraft.net/en-us/article/taking-inventory-apple Taking Inventory: Apple] – Minecraft.net on November 23, 2018 {{items}} [[Category:Plants]] [[Category:Food]] [[Category:Renewable resources]] [[cs:Jablko]] [[de:Apfel]] [[es:Manzana]] [[fr:Pomme]] [[hu:Alma]] [[it:Mela]] [[ja:リンゴ]] [[ko:사과]] [[nl:Appel]] [[pl:Jabłko]] [[pt:Maçã]] [[ru:Яблоко]] [[th:แอปเปิ้ล]] [[uk:Яблуко]] [[zh:苹果]]</li><li>[[:Category:Minecraft Legends resources|Category:Minecraft Legends resources]]<br/>[[Category:Minecraft Legends]] [[Category:Items]] [[pt:Categoria:Recursos do Minecraft Legends]]</li></ul>		pre1			Added functions.
		pre3			Commands are no longer allowed to begin with a / (forward slash)
					Comments can now only be preceded with #; using // is no longer allowed
		pre4			Added new arguments to the /function command: [if|unless] [selector]
		pre6			Skipped functions (when a conditional fails) are now considered failures when used in commands.
upcoming
1.13 {{Extension DPL}}<ul><li>[[Egg|Egg]]<br/>{{About|chicken eggs|the similar item that spawns mobs|Spawn egg|other uses}} {{ItemEntity |image=Egg.png |renewable=Yes |stackable=Yes (16) |size=Height: 0.25 Blocks<br>Width: 0.25 Blocks }} An '''egg''' is an [[item]] that can be used to craft [[food]] items, or thrown for a chance to spawn [[chick]]s on impact. == Obtaining == === Mob loot === {{see also|Tutorials/Egg farming}} A [[chicken]] drops an egg item every 5–10 minutes. The theoretical average would be expected at 1 egg every 7.5 minutes, or 0.1333 eggs per minute. A [[fox]] sometimes spawns holding an egg, which it always drops upon death. Alternatively, a player dropping a food item causes the fox to drop the egg. === Chest loot === {{LootChestItem|egg}} == Usage == === Crafting ingredient === {{crafting usage}} === Combat === Players are able to throw eggs and deal knockback to [[mob]]s (but not other players{{only|JE|short=1}}<ref>{{bug|MC-3179|||WAI}}</ref>{{until|JE Combat Tests}}), but no damage is dealt, similar to a [[snowball]]. Likewise, throwing eggs at [[neutral mobs]] provokes them. Eggs can also be fired from [[dispenser]]s and are affected by gravity. === Spawning chickens === When thrown by a dispenser or by pressing the {{control|use}} button, an egg has a {{fraction|1|8}} (12.5%) chance of spawning a [[chick]]. If this occurs, there is a {{fraction|1|32}} (3.125%) chance of spawning three additional chicks (on average, 1 out of every 256 eggs spawns 4 chicks). In other words, whenever an egg is thrown, there is a {{fraction|31|256}} chance of spawning 1 chick and a {{fraction|1|256}} chance of spawning four chicks. The expected value of the number of chicks an egg produces is {{fraction|35|256}} or 13.7%. This means that on average, a chick is spawned every 7.3 eggs, a stack of 16 eggs spawns 2.188 chicks, and a full inventory including the hotbar and off-hand (<code>37 * 16 = 592</code> eggs) is expected to spawn approximately 81 chicks. == Sounds == {{Edition|Java}}:<br> Thrown eggs use the Friendly Creatures sound category for entity-dependent sound events. {{Sound table |rowspan=2 |sound=Bow shoot.ogg |subtitle=Egg flies |source=player |description=When an egg is thrown |id=entity.egg.throw |translationkey=subtitles.entity.egg.throw |volume=0.5 |pitch={{frac|1|3}}-0.5 |distance=16}} {{Sound table |subtitle=Dispensed item |source=block |description=When a dispenser shoots an egg |id=block.dispenser.launch |translationkey=subtitles.block.dispenser.dispense |volume=1.0 |pitch=1.2 |distance=16}} {{Sound table |sound=Chicken plop.ogg |subtitle=Chicken plops |source=Friendly Creatures |description=When an egg is laid by a chicken |id=entity.chicken.egg |translationkey=subtitles.entity.chicken.egg |volume=1.0 |pitch=0.8-1.2 |distance=16 |foot=1}} {{Edition|Bedrock}}: {{Sound table |type=bedrock |rowspan=2 |sound=Bow shoot.ogg |source=player |description=When an egg is thrown |id=random.bow |volume=0.5 |pitch=0.33-0.5}} {{Sound table |source=player |description=When a dispenser shoots an egg |id=random.bow |volume=1.0 |pitch=0.83-1.25}} {{Sound table |sound=Chicken plop.ogg |source=neutral |description=When an egg is laid by a chicken |id=mob.chicken.plop |volume=1.0 |pitch=0.8-1.2 |foot=1}} == Data values == === ID === {{edition|java}}: {{ID table |edition=java |showforms=y |generatetranslationkeys=y |displayname=Egg |spritetype=item |nameid=egg |form=item |foot=1}} {{ID table |edition=java |showentitytags=y |generatetranslationkeys=y |displayname=Thrown Egg |spritetype=entity |spritename=Egg |nameid=egg |entitytags=impact_projectiles |foot=1}} {{edition|bedrock}}: {{ID table |edition=bedrock |shownumericids=y |showforms=y |notshowbeitemforms=y |generatetranslationkeys=y |displayname=Egg |spritetype=item |nameid=egg |id=390 |form=item |foot=1}} {{ID table |edition=bedrock |shownumericids=y |generatetranslationkeys=y |displayname=Egg |spritetype=entity |nameid=egg |id=82 |foot=1}} === Entity Data === Thrown eggs have entity data that define various properties of the entity. {{el|java}}: {{main|Entity format}} {{/ED}} {{el|bedrock}}: : See [[Bedrock Edition level format/Entity format]]. == Achievements == {{load achievements|The Lie}} ==Advancements== {{Load advancements|Bullseye}} == Video == <div style="text-align:center">{{yt|8rDbF8UYuTc}}</div> == History == {{History|java alpha}} {{History||v1.0.14|[[File:Egg JE1 BE1.png|32px]] Added eggs. |Eggs currently have no purpose.}} {{History|java beta}} {{History||1.0|Eggs are now throwable at the request of a fan as the result of a [[wikipedia:Twitter|Twitter]] conversation about a man eating his [[wikipedia:USB|USB]], if [[Notch]] added egg throwing.<ref>{{tweet|notch|11773078791000065}}</ref>}} {{History||1.2|Eggs are now used to craft [[cake]]s. |Eggs can now be thrown by [[dispenser]]s.}} {{History|java}} {{History||1.0.0|snap=Beta 1.9 Prerelease 2|[[Breeding]] has been added, making eggs easier to obtain.}} {{History|||snap=RC1|Thrown eggs now hatch chicks instead of adult chickens. |The egg's throw [[sound]] has been changed.}} {{History||1.4.2|snap=12w37a|Eggs are now used to craft [[pumpkin pie]]s.}} {{History||1.9|snap=15w32a|Eggs no longer [[damage]] the [[ender dragon]].}} {{History|||snap=15w36b|Eggs now produce particles when thrown at an entity.}} {{History|||snap=15w49a|Eggs, like all throwable projectiles, now take the thrower's motion into account when fired.}} {{History||1.11|snap=16w32a|The [[entity]] ID has now been changed from <code>ThrownEgg</code> to <code>egg</code>.}} {{History||1.13|snap=17w47a|Prior to [[1.13/Flattening|''The Flattening'']], this [[item]]'s numeral ID was 344.}} {{History||1.14|snap=18w43a|[[File:Egg JE2 BE2.png|32px]] The texture of eggs has been changed.}} {{History|||snap=18w50a|Eggs can now be found in [[chest]]s in [[village]] fletcher houses. |Therefore, chickens are no longer the only source of eggs.}} {{History|||snap=19w07a|Added [[fox]]es, which sometimes spawn with eggs in their mouths.}} {{History||1.16.2|snap=Pre-Release 1|Eggs are now affected by [[bubble column]]s.}} {{History|pocket alpha}} {{History||v0.4.0|[[File:Egg JE1 BE1.png|32px]] Added eggs. They are currently unobtainable. |Eggs are throwable, but are unable to spawn chickens.}} {{History||v0.7.0|[[Chicken]]s now occasionally lay eggs. |Eggs can be used to craft [[cake]]. |Thrown eggs now have a chance of spawning adult chickens.}} {{History||v0.8.0|snap=build 1|Eggs are now used to craft [[pumpkin pie]]s.}} {{History|||snap=build 3|Thrown eggs now have a chance of spawning chicks instead of adult chickens.}} {{History|pocket}} {{History||1.1.0|snap=alpha 1.1.0.0|The [[entity]] ID has now been changed from <code>thrownegg</code> to <code>egg</code>.}} {{History|bedrock}} {{History||1.2.0|Eggs now deal knockback to [[player]]s.}} {{History||1.10.0|snap=beta 1.10.0.3|[[File:Egg.png|32px]] The texture of eggs has been changed.}} {{History||1.11.0|snap=beta 1.11.0.1|Eggs can now be found in [[village]] fletcher [[chest]]s.}} {{History|||snap=beta 1.11.0.4|Eggs can now be [[trading|sold]] to farmer [[villager]]s.}} {{History||1.13.0|snap=beta 1.13.0.1|Added [[fox]]es, which can [[drops|drop]] eggs.}} {{History||1.16.0|snap=beta 1.16.0.57|[[Trading]] has now been changed, eggs can no longer be [[trading|sold]] to farmer [[villager]]s.}} {{History|console}} {{History||xbox=TU1|xbone=CU1|ps=1.0|wiiu=Patch 1|[[File:Egg JE1 BE1.png|32px]] Added eggs.}} {{History|PS4}} {{History||1.90|[[File:Egg JE2 BE2.png|32px]] The texture of eggs has been changed.}} {{History|New 3DS}} {{History||0.1.0|[[File:Egg JE1 BE1.png|32px]] Added eggs.}} {{History|foot}} == Issues == {{issue list}} == Trivia == * Eggs break mid-fall if hit by another projectile; the chance of spawning a chick is not affected. * Throwing an egg at a [[nether portal]] breaks the egg when it hits the portal. * A thrown egg faces toward the [[player]] in first-person view, while it appears rotated horizontally in third-person view. This is the case for all throwable [[item]]s ([[ender pearl]]s, eggs, [[snowball]]s, and all throwable [[potion]]s). == References == {{Reflist}} {{Items}} {{entities}} [[Category:Combat]] [[cs:Vajíčko]] [[de:Ei]] [[es:Huevo]] [[fr:Œuf]] [[hu:Tojás]] [[it:Uovo]] [[ja:卵]] [[ko:달걀]] [[nl:Ei]] [[pl:Jajko]] [[pt:Ovo]] [[ru:Яйцо]] [[th:ไข่ไก่]] [[uk:Яйце]] [[zh:鸡蛋]] <br /></li><li>[[:Category:Minecraft: Story Mode items|Category:Minecraft: Story Mode items]]<br/>[[Category:Minecraft: Story Mode]] [[Category:Items]]</li></ul>		17w43a			Custom functions have been moved into data packs.
		17w45a			Functions are now completely parsed and cached on load.
		17w49b			Function can now be tagged.
					Functions tagged in minecraft:tick now run every tick in the beginning of the tick.

Issues

Issues relating to "Function (Java Edition)" are maintained on the bug tracker. Report issues there.