TNT exploding. You can see a Chicken moving about. If the chicken went near it, it will die.
An explosion is a physical event in the Minecraft world, caused by a primed TNT, an exploding creeper, a bed in The Nether or in The End, an Ender Crystal, or a fireball launched by a Ghast. An explosion can destroy nearby blocks, propel and damage nearby entities, and cause one or more fires. Explosions produce shockwave particles, but before 1.8 they produced smoke particles.
Properties
- Position. For example, A TNT explosion happens at the center of a primed TNT, which is a 0.98 × 0.98 × 0.98 cube. A bed explosion happens at the center of the bed block (not destroyed before the explosion).
- Power. For the power of each type of explosion,
- Ability to generate fire. Fireball and bed explosions in the nether and in the end will start fires.
1352 rays from the explosion center to points that uniformly distributed on the surface of a cube centered at the explosion with an edge length of 2. (However, this only defines their directions, not their length)
The roughly spherical pattern of blocks destroyed can be seen here.
Effects
Model of block destruction
An explosion can destroy nearby blocks. Its blast effect is evaluated independently on many explosion rays originating from the explosion center, as shown in the right figure.
- Each ray has an initial blast force randomized in [0.7 × power, 1.3 × power].
- The effect of the blast force is examined at checkpoints on the ray with step length of 0.3.
- The blast force is absorbed (block resistance / 5 + 0.3) × step length by the non-air block (no matter whether destroyed) at the each checkpoint, and attenuated by step length × 0.75 between checkpoints, until completely absorbed or attenuated.
- A block is considered destroyed if it can't completely absorb the blast force at any checkpoint in it (air blocks can be destroyed too).
From the above process, the following results can be deduced:
- The blast radius in the air of an explosion (i.e. only attenuated, not absorbed by blocks) = ⌊1.3 × power / (step length × 0.75)⌋ × step length = 10.2 (charged creepers), 6.9 (TNT), 5.1 (creepers), 1.5 (fireballs). For example, a TNT explosion can destroy a torch 7 blocks away. But how many blocks an explosion can destroy is non-deterministic and also dependent on the specific location of the explosion.
- The minimum block resistance required to absorb maximum blast force of an explosion happening in nearby air = ((1.3 × power - attenuation steps × step length × 0.75) / step length - 0.3) × 5. To not be destroyed, a block has to absorb all blast force at the first checkpoint in it.
- The attenuation steps is subject to collision restrictions. For explosion in air, there is at least one attenuation step. TNT and creeper explosion are always 0.49 and 0.5 meter away from nearest block (2 att. steps), but fireball explosion can happen anywhere (1 att. step).
- Thus, the block resistances are 121.00 (charged creepers), 77.67 (TNT), 56.00 (creepers), 16.42 (fireballs).
- So water, lava (Note: Only the stationary block) obsidian, and bedrock are always indestructible, and fences and less blast-resistant blocks can be destroyed by fireballs. These are theoretical values, and in reality less resistant blocks are not always destroyed, and since Minecraft is supposed to be simple, there is no such mechanic.
Note that the effect of multiple explosions, no matter how simultaneous, on one block is evaluated independently and serially per explosion, and blocks don't have "temporary health" and such properties across explosion history. That means explosions have no cumulative effect on blocks.
Destroyed blocks have a 1/3 chance of being dropped as items later. Because of that,it is not recommended to use TNT as an resource gatherer except if you have large amount of TNT and you don't mind that the blast made a large hole.
Interaction with entities
An explosion has different effects on entities than blocks. Entities are damaged and propelled by an explosion if within its damage radius of 2 × power. Note that the "damage radius" is different from the blast radius of explosion effect on blocks.
- For each entity within the radius, define impact = (1 - distance from the explosion / radius) × exposure.
- Apply (impact2 + impact) × 8 × power + 1 point (half-heart, so we don't have to divide by 2 everywhere) of damage to the entity.
- Propel the entity so that its velocity increases by impact in the direction from explosion to the entity.
From the above process, the following results can be deduced:
- Entities will always get at least 1 point of damage if they are within the radius, regardless of their explosion exposure.
- The maximum damage that entities can take (at the explosion center with 100% exposure) = (1 × 1 + 1) × 8 × power + 1 point of damage = 97 (charged creeper), 65 (TNT), 49 (creepers), 17 (fireballs). When entities are away or covered by blocks from the explosion center, they take less damage.
- The maximum velocity gain that an entity can obtain from a TNT explosion is 1, at the explosion center with 100% exposure.
Different damage effects will ensue. For example, existing items will be destroyed, and the armor on the player will absorb part of the damage. Items dropped in the process of, or actually after, the explosion are not affected because they have no interaction between the explosion.
The propulsion effect is often used for TNT cannons.
A primed TNT AABB has directionally asymmetrical sample points (1/2.96 spacing) because of rounding.
Calculation of explosion exposure
Explosion exposure is simply how much an entity is visible from the explosion center, and is approximated with the ratio of visible sample points on the entity. The approximation algorithm has sampling error that results in directional asymmetry of propulsion. For example, a typical TNT cannon has maximum range in the west direction partly because the primed TNT has largest sampled exposure in that direction.
Causing fire and Permanent Lag
If the explosion has the ability, it randomly starts fires in 1/3 of all destroyed air blocks that are above opaque blocks. Also,if you place many TNT blocks and blow them up, it may cause large amount of lag. Many people know that, but sometimes it can be permanent, which can cause the singeplayer world to disappear from the worlds list. It also applies to creepers-Large amount of them exploding at the same time may cause serious lag.
Blast Resistance
[edit]
| Block Name | Blast Resistance |
|---|---|
| Bedrock | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| End Portal Frame | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| End Portal | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Enchantment Table | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Obsidian | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Ender Chest | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Lava | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Water | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Flowing Water | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| End Stone | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Bricks | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Stone Brick | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Cobblestone | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Block of Diamond | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Block of Emerald | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Block of Gold | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Block of Iron | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Jukebox | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Moss Stone | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Nether Brick | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Nether Brick Stairs | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Nether Brick Fence | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Stone Stairs | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Stone Slabs | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Stone | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Iron Bars | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Iron Door | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Monster Spawner | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Dispenser | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Furnace | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Coal Ore | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Diamond Ore | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Block Name | Blast Resistance |
|---|---|
| Emerald Ore | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Wooden Door | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Fence | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Gold Ore | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Iron Ore | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Lapis Lazuli Block | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Lapis Lazuli Ore | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Redstone Ore | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Wooden Stairs | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Wooden Planks | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Wooden Slabs | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Cocoa Plant | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Chest | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Crafting Table | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Wood | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Bookshelf | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Jack 'o' Lantern | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Melon (Block) | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Pumpkin | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Sign | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Note Block | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Sandstone | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Sandstone Stairs | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Wool | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Rail | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Clay (Block) | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Farmland | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Gravel | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Sponge | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Grass | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Cake | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Block Name | Blast Resistance |
|---|---|
| Dirt | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Ice | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Lever | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Mycelium | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Pressure Plates | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Sand | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Soul Sand | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Button | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Cactus | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Ladders | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Netherrack | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Glass | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Glowstone Block | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Bed | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Leaves | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Snow Block | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Snow | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Wheat Seeds | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Flowers | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Fire | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Mushrooms | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Nether Portal | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Redstone Wire | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Redstone Torch | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Redstone Repeater | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Sugar Cane | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Saplings | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| TNT | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Torch | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Flowing Lava | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
| Air | Template:Blast Resistance Values |
Typical damage radius
The player will get certain damage if within these radii of a 100% exposure ground 1-, 2-, or 4-TNT explosion, as shown in the following figures with the amount of damage shown on each circle.
History
| b | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.8 | Explosions will now emit shockwave particles after exploding. Prior to Beta 1.8, explosions only emitted smoke. | ||||
| r | |||||
| 12w24a | Fixed explosions not pushing back players. | ||||
Trivia
- An explosion powerful enough to break bedrock would have a blast radius of over 30,000,000 blocks, enough to destroy the entire world in 1.2.5. If it were an uninterrupted blast, it would cover 238,775,501.2 blocks.
- Any explosion going off in flowing water will apply propulsion to entities, but it will not affect any block, whether the blast resistance of that block is low or high.
- Explosions in or under water won't create smoke particles.
References
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