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There are 19 defined potion effects in Minecraft. Two are given by Player actions, Two more by food items, One by a Cave Spider's attack, Six others work but aren't used yet, and Eight have no effect.

Potion effects are given two parameters on creation: Duration (in ticks) and strength.

ID Name Effect Strength How it's acquired
1 potion.moveSpeed Expands FOV and increases walking speed Increases both effects, stronger levels turn the FOV upside down and reverse controls Sprinting
2 potion.moveSlowdown Contracts FOV and decreases walking speed Increases both effects, reversing controls if very strong Charging a Bow
3 potion.digSpeed Arm swings faster, blocks break faster Increases both effects, arm motion appears to stop if very strong
4 potion.digSlowDown Arm swings slower, blocks break slower, however it is still possible to break blocks just as fast with insta-break on Increases both effects
5 potion.damageBoost No apparent effect
6 potion.heal Instant health gain Sets the amount gained
7 potion.harm Instant health loss Sets the amount lost None, but death reason is reported as "was killed by magic.".
8 potion.jump No apparent effect
9 potion.confusion Causes the view to wobble similarly to using a portal No apparent effect
10 potion.regeneration Causes health to regenerate over time Makes health regenerate faster Eat a Golden Apple
11 potion.resistance No apparent effect
12 potion.fireResistance No apparent effect
13 potion.waterBreathing Causes air meter to be constantly full while underwater No apparent effect
14 potion.invisibility No apparent effect
15 potion.blindness No apparent effect
16 potion.nightVision No apparent effect
17 potion.hunger Causes food meter to deplete faster Increases the depletion rate Chance on eating raw/rotten food.
18 potion.weakness No apparent effect
19 potion.poison Deals damage over time Increases the damage rate Given by a Cave Spider's attack.
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