A lava-filled cavern
Caverns or Caves are commonly-found cavities in the Stone layer of a map. Many caverns have tunnels branching off (called catacombs) and winding in other directions, some of which connect to the surface of the map creating natural entries to the cavern. Caverns can be quite deep, extending from the surface all the way to the Bedrock layer, which is impossible to break through. These caverns are randomly generated so no two of them will look exactly alike, making guides hard to be formed. It can sometimes be attached to natural dungeons.
Caverns are expected to contain at least one type of exposed ore block. Hostile mobs often spawn in naturally occurring caverns so it is advisable to bring along a weapon if on any difficulty other than peaceful.
Caverns can be useful as a starting point for creating player-made dungeons and other underground structures with. Since it is a natural cave, it can save quite a bit of time on trying to find ore. However, caverns could be quite deep, like a pit, so accidentally breaking into one from above could inflict a lot of fall damage. Players should be aware of the presence of lava as it is one of the main risk factors of exploring caverns, even on peaceful.
Pits
A pit is a hole in the ground that falls straight down. Pits are usually found in caverns, or when mining down you may fall into one. Pits are a good way to go farther underground, but are dangerous because they can lead into lava, a dungeon, or the fall may kill the player. It is advised that the player should bring ladders or create a water elevator or stairway before exploring a pit.
Finding Caverns
There are a number of ways to find caverns. Below is a table, designed to make cavern-hunting easier.
| Method | Details |
|---|---|
| Exploring Surface | By exploring the surface of the map, there is a good chance that an exposed cavern can be found. |
| Digging | Digging around might uncover caverns, but it is not easy as the map is infinitely big. Choosing a random location and digging a tunnel straight down will intersect a cave system roughly half the time. A diagonal tunnel takes 3 times as long to dig, but is much safer and can be traversed both ways. |
| Listening | By following the source of ambience, or the sound of mobs coming from underground, there is a big chance to find a cavern. It's also useful to follow sound of water. |
| Cartographer | Use 3rd party software (such as Cartograph) to make maps of caves. This can easily lead the player to Dungeons or Caverns. This is considered cheating by some players. |
| The Nether | Travelling to The Nether, going down roughly 20-30 blocks, and creating a new portal there will likely cause the earth portal to spawn in a cavern as a portal is spawned in the nearest suitable space for the portal. |
| Editing "terrain.png" | Using an image editing program to delete the grass texture from the terrain.png file and using it as a texture pack will result in grass being see-through when loaded in game, allowing the player to see all underground caves from the surface without digging or coordinating maps. This is also considered cheating by some players. Performing this trick with a lesser used block instead, like white cloth, will act as a 'portable window' allowing you to view adjacent tunnels while in a cave, as well as simple location. Leaving a portion of the texture intact will make such blocks easier to find. |
| F3 | When F3 is pressed, mobs display a number over their head. This can be useful as it allows players to see a hostile mob's location when mining, which could lead the player to a cavern. |
Caverns are surprisingly easy to get lost in. Below are a number of methods you can implement while exploring to prevent this.
- Place all your torches on the right side of the cave when you enter a new passage. This allows you to find you way back to the entrance simply by keeping the torches on your left. However, be aware that if a cave loops back on itself at some point, there can be some confusion as to the shortest way out. Also, it is unlikely that torches restricted to the right side will provide sufficient light to completely prevent mobs from spawning, so you will probably need to place additional torches on the cavern floor in caves and the wider passageways.
- Use signs to create directional signposts at intersections, often with "ACSII arrows", such as --> or ^, to indicate the heading. Keep in mind that you will need to be able to see these signposts the most on your way back out of the cavern, so when placing them, it is important to position them where they will be easily visible from the other direction. While this method is generally very reliable, signs are not cheap (6 wooden planks and 1 stick per sign), nor do they stack, making it difficult to bring enough signs for anything larger than a medium-sized cavern system.
- Create cobblestone arrows at each intersection, pointing back towards the passage you just came from. A torch can be placed on the block at the tip of the arrow to ensure that the arrow is easy to spot. This method has the advantage of utilizing a resource (cobblestone) that is common in caverns and easily carried in bulk, making it suitable for aiding in the exploration of even epic-sized caverns. These arrows can be placed on walls or embedded into the floor, and can point in any direction. Similarly to the signpost method, cobblestone arrows should be placed in locations that are easily visible on the way back out of the cavern.
Classification of Caverns
A cavern can be classified into three kinds of cave systems.
Small Cave (Dud Cave)
Small caves containing little ore. These are often found near ground level and usually are not closely linked with other caverns. Mini caves may have multiple entrances.
Medium Cave (Splatter Cave)
Larger caves that usually contain plenty of ores and may even contain lakes or lava flows. Most of the time, bountiful caves are near other caves, and may require some digging to reach them.
Large Cave (Epic Cave)
Very large cave systems found deep containing every kind of ore, large lakes, and at least one lava river. Very little digging is required to reach its many branches, which cover a huge area underground.