Mods/Installing mods using ModLoader

All About Using Mods in Minecraft
Before you begin modding your copy of Minecraft, it is very important to understand what you are doing, or you may end up messing up your copy. (although you can always re-download minecraft and backup your worlds)

Let me repeat that for you: If you mod Minecraft, it is safe to assume that you may break your copy of the game, as well as any worlds that you play in. Because you are doing something that is wholly unsupported by Mojang, they won't be able to help you. Additionally, the authors of the mod make no guarantees as to whether or not the code works, much less any guarantees of support. On top of that, due to how modding works, if there is a Minecraft update, it will break your mods but not the worlds you played in (All that will happen is whatever mod items are in your worlds will just disappear). If the prospect of losing your copy of Minecraft or your worlds scares you in any way, modding is not for you.

If you are the kind of person that wants to install a few mods, and immediately have them work without having to think about them; then installing mods likely isn't for you.

If you are not afraid to get your hands dirty, do a bit of problem solving, understand a little more about how Minecraft works "under the hood," then installing mods is for you.

Installing Mods Prerequisites

 * Knowledge of Zipping/Unzipping files, and working with a good archive utility. (such as WinRAR, 7zip, etc.)
 * Knowing how to submit proper bug reports.
 * Knowing how to actually install the mod and it's prerequisites.

You might be able to get away without knowing how to do a few of these things, but if your copy of Minecraft breaks, then you should seek help from somebody in the modding community (preferably the mod author). If you view this as a great opportunity to learn something new, then you're on the right path!

How do Mods Work?
There is a file on your computer called "minecraft.jar" that provides everything Minecraft needs to be able to run. For example: world generation, showing blocks, managing mobs, items, and recipes. When you add mods to Minecraft, you are taking Minecraft.jar and over-writing it with the changes needed. All of these files inside of minecraft.jar that make it run are run through a process called "obfuscation". Basically what that means is that it changes the word "recipe" to the word "bf" (for the technically minded, all class names, variable names and identifiers are turned into one or two letter nonsense names).

Further, each entity in the game (a Mob, Item, Block, etc.) has an ID so they can be described on the map. As new content is added to Minecraft, new IDs are used, so you have to be careful that the Foodgate mod you just installed doesn't conflict badly with the new update of Minecraft that added Repeaters.

This has a few very important implications:
 * This is fundamentally changing the way Minecraft was meant to be played. So Notch, and Mojang AB will not be able to help you in any way, and are no longer responsible for crashes, data loss, etc.
 * Some mods might claim to do something like add a cute puppy to your world, but could in fact do something else, such as steal your Minecraft username/password, or install a keylogger. You have been warned. (a good solution is to only install very popular mods. Risugami created the Modloader and other great, safe, and popular mods; and the new version made modding much more safe. Read comments on mod posts before downloading and installing)
 * When Minecraft is updated, all mods needs to be re-updated by their authors, because Mojang obfuscates the source. If a mod uses an ID number that Mojang chooses to use in the update, this will cause further issues, and your world will look weird, or potentially be completely broken and unusable. Mod authors do this of their own free will, and it can take weeks for them to update. However, this doesn't mean you should harass the author about it.
 * If two mods do similar things, they will likely be incompatible, because they both will try to change the "bf" (or "recipe") file. (This can be fixed, nowadays mods also come with a properties file to change block and item ID's to fix conflicts.)
 * You may be adding new entities to your worlds, so if you ever have to remove the mods (say because of a Minecraft update), that world will no longer be compatible.

How to Find Your minecraft.jar File
You will see minecraft.jar (It may appear only as minecraft)
 * Windows ME/95/98/XP:
 * 1) Click start.
 * 2) Click Run....
 * 3) Type %AppData%.
 * 4) Open .minecraft.
 * 5) Open bin.

You will see minecraft.jar (It may appear only as minecraft)
 * Windows Vista/7:
 * 1) Click the Start Icon.
 * 2) In the Search Bar, type %AppData% and press Enter.
 * 3) Open Roaming.
 * 4) Open .minecraft.
 * 5) Open bin.

You will see minecraft.jar
 * Macintosh:
 * 1) Click Finder.
 * 2) From Places, choose your Username.
 * 3) Open Library.
 * 4) Open Application Support.
 * 5) Open minecraft.
 * 6) Open bin.

You should see your minecraft.jar file
 * Linux:
 * 1) Open your Home Folder.
 * 2) Do NOT open the Minecraft launcher, modifying this file will break your Minecraft Launcher, but will not permanently damage your Minecraft version
 * 3) In your Home Folder, press Ctrl+H to see hidden files
 * 4) Open the .minecraft folder
 * 5) Open the bin folder that is in the .minecraft folder

Making Backups
If you are going to mod, you will want to do 2 things:
 * Back up your worlds
 * If you have had previous mods installed, back up the minecraft.jar too, so as not accidentally uninstall mods.

Backing up your worlds should be done every time you install a new mod.

Modloader, Spawnlist and friends

 * There are many mods that absolutely require other mods to work, because they use some the commands these other mods give. These are also known as utility mods. These mods include modloader (for adding mods in general), audiomod (for adding sounds), ToolUtils (For making specific tool functions), spawnlist (for adding new mobs), More ID's (to give a greater amount of items), and Turbomodel (for more advanced models). These mods that are required by some mods will need to be installed with the mod before minecraft is run. Without them, the mod will not work and can even lead to Minecraft crashing.

Managing item and block IDs

 * Most of the time, mod authors will give a configuration file to change item ID's. Find the conflicting ID, and change it. Just remember that when an update for minecraft or for the mod comes out, you must use the same item ID's, or suffer the crashes.

V4 or V5?

 * Modloader V4 is still a common modloader. However, as mods progress, you will find that mod authors update their mods to work on V5 instead. Please note that V5 mods are not backwards compatible, and you will have to start with a vanilla copy of the minecraft.jar to install V5, so replacing files will not work.

Dealing with your first crash

 * Running minecraft in command line mode to get a stack trace.
 * Posting this stack trace as an error report on the mod authors website/forum/thread.
 * If using Modloader, check the log in the .minecraft folder for errors.
 * If you cannot fix the crashing, refer to the next section to restore your Minecraft and worlds.

Deleting Mods, Fixing Crashes, and Restoring Minecraft
There are 2 ways to delete a mod. 1. (only if mod is installed this way) Go into the mods folder in the .minecraft folder and remove the mod from the folder. (Later versions of Modloader only) 2. Restore your version of Minecraft, making sure to keep your worlds.

To restore minecraft, go to the APPDATA folder. Go into Roaming. Move your .minecraft folder onto the desktop. (or wherever you wish) Open the Minecraft Launcher, making sure your username and password are correct and log in. The Minecraft Launcher will then download a new, fresh .minecraft folder into the Roaming folder. Once it is done, open your modded .minecraft folder. Go into the Saves folder. Do the same for the fresh, no mods .minecraft folder. Take your worlds from the modded .minecraft folder and put them into the saves folder in the fresh .minecraft folder. Your worlds should be fine, but any mod items in your world will disappear.

To fix a crash, consult the following problem solving list:

Did you delete the META-INF folder in minecraft.jar?

Forget Modloader?

Do your mods have conflicting item or block IDs? If so, most mods have a properties file to change the block and item IDs. Look in modloader.txt to see what block ID(s) are conflicted.

Is the mod made for your current version of Minecraft?

Did you install any/all dependencies for the mod? For example, TurboModelThingy is required for the Planes Mod to work, and ModLoaderMP is required with Modloader for SDK's Guns Mod.

Do you have the right version of Modloader?

Do you have the right version of the mod?

Are you SURE you installed the mod correctly? (consult any README file in the mod)

How to effectively get help

 * Delete the META-INF folder.
 * Check to make sure there are no conflicting mods.
 * If using a Modloader mod, make sure the correct version of Modloader is installed.

Installing Your Second Mod: Testing for Compatibility.

 * Open your "minecraft.jar" folder (How to Find Your minecraft.jar File) with an archiving utility such as WinRAR or 7-Zip, and drag the mod files from the folder you downloaded, to the minecraft.jar folder. Most mods require the folder "META-INF" inside of minecraft.jar be removed before the mod can work.

Dealing with Crashes

 * Your mod may be conflicting with block or item IDs. Check the place you got the mod to see if anyone else is having the same errors, and see if there is a solution.
 * You may have forgot to delete your "META-INF" folder. Most mods require that this folder be removed before loading the mod will work.