Shield

A shield is a tool used for protecting the player against attacks.

Repairing
Shields may also be repaired on an anvil by using planks. Shields repaired on anvils retain their pattern.

Trading
Journeyman-level armorer villagers have $1/3$/$2/5$ chance of selling a shield for 5 emeralds as their sixth trade.

Usage
Despite using iron in its crafting recipe, it cannot be smelted into iron nuggets.

Defense
Shields are used for blocking incoming attacks. or causes a player to slow to a sneaking pace, and after 5 ticks, blockable attacks coming from in front of the player are negated, dealing no damage. When the shield blocks an attack of or stronger, it takes damage equal to the strength of the attack rounded up.

All non-damage effects of ranged attacks, (such as being set on fire or poisoned by a poisonous arrow) are prevented. Knockback from melee attacks and projectiles is nullified, while knockback from explosions is reduced to one block distance.

The shield blocks any directional attacks coming from up to, but not including, 90° away from the horizontal direction the player is facing, that covers almost a full hemisphere in front of the player. The player's vertical rotation normally makes no difference to the direction of blocked attacks, however, a player facing straight up or straight down might be unable to block attacks from any direction. Similarly, an attack coming from directly above or directly below cannot be blocked as it has no horizontal direction.

Blockable attacks include:
 * Melee attacks
 * Normal, tipped and spectral arrows
 * Flaming arrows
 * Tridents
 * Snowballs and eggs
 * Thorns from pufferfish
 * Bullets from shulkers
 * Spit from llamas
 * Fireballs
 * Creeper and ghast's fireball explosions
 * TNT ignited by other players
 * Ravager roar

They cannot block:
 * Arrows from a crossbow enchanted with Piercing; this does not reduce the shield's durability
 * If a tipped arrow is blocked, the arrow's direct damage is negated but the player still receives the effect; the same works with shulker bullets
 * Lasers from guardians or elder guardians.
 * TNT ignited by the player themselves or a redstone mechanism
 * Effects from splash/lingering potions, evoker's fangs and breath from the ender dragon
 * Teleport and fall damage
 * Bee stingers (bees continuously attack until the player disables the shield)
 * Axe attacks from vindicators or sprinting players disable the shield for 5 seconds
 * A player who is not sprinting also has a 25% chance to disable the shield with an axe.

When hit by an arrow or trident, the projectile ricochets off the shield and can hit other entities.

Applying patterns
Shields can be decorated by applying a banner pattern.

Unlike with banners, shields cannot be repainted or washed in a cauldron. Shields have only half the resolution of banners, making patterns look slightly different. In the game files, the pattern textures can be found in a separate directory called entity/shield.

Shields with patterns can also be obtained using the same commands as banners, except  has to be replaced with.

Enchantments
A shield can receive the following enchantments, but only through an anvil:

ID