Villager

A Villager (also called a Testificate from a temporary name tag in Beta 1.9pre1) is a passive NPC (Non-Player Character) that spawns and moves about in NPC Villages. They spawn around the villages and inside the buildings. They spawn at their respective buildings corresponding to the role they have.

Appearance
Their characteristic look is dominated by their large, bald heads, green eyes, unibrows, and long, protruding noses. Villagers' arms are implied to be jointed, with two parts each to create folded arms. The arms are tucked inside the sleeves, with the sleeves touching at the seam in the middle.

There are different types, distinguished by the color of their robes, which signify their role in the community. There are 6 unique skins for the villagers which are found in the minecraft.jar file, but one is not used in the game on normal maps. Hood texture files are also present, but no mesh currently exists to display them.

Behavior


Villagers will randomly wander the area of the village. They do not retaliate against an attack, nor will they run away from any mob, but the zombie. A death of a villager does not affect nearby villagers' behaviour, though any nearby Iron Golems not created by the player will attack the player.

Villagers have the ability to utilize doors and ladders, and are therefore able to go in and out of houses. Villagers will hide in houses during the night, rain, or when chased by Zombies. Although it never rains in desert biomes, desert villagers will still attempt to hide from the rain; this means they are actually hiding from the possibility of zombies spawning.

Villagers seem to favor well lit conditions over dimly lit ones, seemingly due to the lower chance of zombie spawning. Villagers favor houses over well lit areas, even if the house is completely unlit. This is probably due to the fact that houses are assumed to be sufficiently lit.

If all doors in a village are covered so that villagers may not enter and the time is night, they will carry on with their normal business as if it were day time. If all doors are covered but one at night, the villagers will avoid it, for some reason.

Zombies will find villagers from up to 31 block radius to break down their doors. Villagers will run away from zombies, which can attack the villagers. Sieges can occur between these mobs, and the villager's only "natural" defense are the Iron Golems, which protect villagers from nearby mobs. Zombies have a chance of turning a villager into a zombie if the difficulty is on Normal or Hard, or Hardcore gamemode.(Easy or Peaceful gamemode have 0% chance of villagers being infected. Normal is 50%, and Hard or Hardcore is 100%) This can also happen with baby villagers, resulting in Baby Villager Zombies or Baby Zombies.

The villagers will "socialize" with each other and passive mobs. This involves two villagers simply facing each other. Villagers can socialize with the player as well, if they approach and stand still (they will start moving their heads in a bobbing fashion). Sometimes if three villagers are "socializing" and the player approaches them, one will push the player away. On some occasions, villagers will gather in a large group in one point in a village, seemingly without any cause. They are also attracted to pumpkins and doors. They will sometimes appear to socialize with Snow Golems probably because of their attraction to pumpkins. When villagers are near an Iron Golem, they will stop and stare at it. The Iron Golems sometimes give roses to the villagers, symbolizing the friendly relationship between the villagers and Iron Golems, as well as referencing the inspiration behind the latter.

When trapped, villagers will try to find the easiest exit, such as when trapped in a room with no roof and 2 high walls and a Bed next to a wall, it will jump on the Bed in an attempt to escape. In other instances, villagers will try to jump over obstacles, regardless of height, similarly to pigs.

Villagers also will not willingly fall off high cliffs.

They will not avoid fires or change their behaviour around fires. They will just carry on as usual and rarely, but possibly, walk straight through the fire. They will not react any different when they are on fire. They will not run when damaged by it.

Mating and population


Villagers will mate depending on the number of valid doors. A valid door is any door (within the city radius) where the number of "outside" spaces within 5 blocks (in a straight line) on one side of the door is not the same as the number of "outside" spaces within 5 blocks on the other side of the door. A space is considered to be "outside" if it is hit by the sun during the day, i.e. it is transparent, and has nothing but transparent blocks above it all the way to the sky. Notice that a door is not a valid door without a roof on one side, or with equal amount of roof on both sides. Sometimes the villager AI (such as mating and housing) doesn't behave as expected until the game is restarted (as in save and quit, then reload the world).

Once housing has been established, villagers will then mate until the number of adult villagers equals 35% of the number of doors. Any remaining children will grow up as usual, resulting in a total number of adult villagers somewhere above one third of the number of nearby wooden doors. The type of villager that the child is doesn't depend on what type the parents are, e.g., two farmer villagers can have a child that is any of the occupations. Unlike other breed-able mobs, the parents and child have no personal interactions other than socializing.

The game engine periodically takes a census to determine the current population of the village. All villagers within the horizontal boundary of the village, and within 5 vertical blocks of the center will be counted as part of the population to determine if continued villager mating is allowed. However, any villager within a vertical distance of 32 blocks of the center of the village will attempt to enter mating mode as long as there is at least one villager within the boundary. Therefore, it is possible to create an unlimited population by holding a single villager within the village boundary and forcing all other villagers outside the 5 block vertical range of the census. The villagers on the "outskirts" of the town will periodically enter mating mode in an attempt to mate with the villager that is still within the boundary. If two villagers on the outskirts simultaneously enter mating mode while they are close to one another, they will mate with each other and produce a child.

Villager children will sprint about, entering and leaving houses at will. The villager children will also chase each other around the village to simulate that they are playing tag. These children will sometimes stop sprinting to stare at an Iron Golem. If the Iron Golem is holding a rose, the children will cautiously take the flower from its hands. Although children look smaller than adult villagers, their hitbox is the same size. Villager children can be infected by Zombies. Zombie children will not burn in daylight and run faster. As of 1.4.4, villager children can be spawned by right-clicking an adult villager is with a villager Spawn Egg.

Professions
Each villager's profession can be identified by its clothing.

(Note that all villagers have brown clothing under their robes/aprons.)

*Note: Generic villagers do not spawn naturally, nor with a Spawn Egg and Zombie Villagers have a 1 in 10 chance of spawning instead of a normal Zombie.

Trading


The trading system is a gameplay mechanic that allows players to trade emeralds for items (and vice-versa) with NPC villagers.

Right-clicking a villager will allow a player to trade with them. Villagers will make offers based on their profession, and will only make trades based on whatever offers they are making. Different offers may be viewed by pressing the left and right buttons next to the currently displayed offer. Most offers involve emerald as a currency, and some item pertinent to the villager's profession. Trading allows the acquisition of uncommon items that would otherwise be fairly difficult to obtain, such as chain armor. It is also the only legitimate method of acquiring a Bottle o' Enchanting in Survival mode. When villagers get a new trade, purple particles and green cross particles appear.

Zombie Villager

 * Zombie Villagers can be cured by throwing a Splash Potion of Weakness at it, feeding the villager a Golden Apple, and then waiting for a certain period of time until the villager turns back into their normal state. A villager who was infected and cured will not lose their profession.
 * When villagers turn into Zombie Villagers, they become less reminiscent of an actual Villager and more Zombie-like, with their normally wrapped-up arms now held outwards, much like an actual Zombie.
 * Zombie Villagers seem to be unable to attack uninfected Villagers while under the effects of the cure.
 * Villagers have robes and aprons but when infected, they will change their attire to a regular zombie's clothing.
 * Villagers will normally take between 180s and 192s but they will be cured faster when there are beds or iron bars nearby. The speed at which they cure is proportional to (the number of these blocks in a 7*7*7 cube around their feet) * 0.3 + 1. This could be to encourage players to put zombie villagers in some sort of prison cell.
 * Zombie Villagers may spawn from a zombie spawner

Bugs

 * There is a a glitch where the trade simply cannot be completed for no reason at all, but accepts a different item instead of the one asked for. This only happens for one specific trade option from a villager, and reloading the world does not fix the problem.
 * Villagers will generally try to enter the south-west most house in a village at night, often leading to crowding of a single house and a lack of use of all the other houses.
 * Sometimes,a house in a village can spawn villagers rapidly.(Will not spawn babies)
 * Sometimes when there is a zombie outside, a villager might still open the door resulting in a "suicide". This is because it's raining outside, so zombies don't burn up, however, it is daytime. The villager AI treats any daylight "safe".
 * In man-made villages, some villagers will not be able to get into houses if the village is an "apartment" style.
 * Villagers sometimes crowd an undersized house, like above. You may wind up with 50 villagers at the same door.
 * Baby Villagers are treated by the game to be the same height as an adult. Therefore, they can not fit in 1.5 tall spaces (half slab upside down above air).
 * Baby Villagers, despite having the same height as an adult can fit into cauldrons, while adults cannot. During this action, they appear to fall into the cauldron just as if they would fall into a 1x1 space. The villager children can jump out of the cauldron just like the 1x1 space.
 * Sometimes Villagers will fall through a block and will be in the ground. This is not just a visual glitch as an attempt to trade or hit the Villager with the cross hair where the head should be will not result in anything.
 * Sometimes in SMP, villagers will not have kids, but the particles will show.
 * In a Waterworld superflat world preset, villages will still spawn, but under water. Above the blacksmith's house, there will be air.
 * In 1.4.5, Villagers being pushed onto stairs/slabs tend to bob up and down, although this is only visual.
 * Before 1.4.6, villager children were all farmers, but as of 1.4.6, children may have their own professions (i.e. librarian, blacksmith, etc)

Trivia

 * Villagers do not despawn.
 * The villagers were inspired by the shop keepers in Dungeon Master 2.
 * Due to their peculiar look, villagers have been compared to Squidward from SpongeBob SquarePants, Ki-Adi Mundi from Star Wars, or Bert from Sesame Street. Notch himself agreed they look like "Caveman Squidwards".
 * A texture in the main mob directory of Minecraft appears to be the default character texture ("Steve") reoriented to be a villager texture. As is expected, applying it to the current villager model produces a very broken look, as seen to the side.
 * Villagers can climb ladders if they are in their path, like other mobs.
 * Villagers and squid are the only mobs in the game that don't have any sound effects.
 * Sometimes, when children are playing tag, a child may grow up and still be playing tag until the villagers stop for a break. The adult will then continue with a normal life.
 * Originally, the mobs populating villages were to be pigmen.
 * Green villagers only have two trade options: They will either buy 8 or 9 gold for one emerald.
 * Flaming villagers will ignore the fact that they are on fire and may even continue to stand in it.
 * Swirls are emitted when a choice is going to be added. (Tested with 3-4 villagers.)
 * As of 12w32a, Villagers have a chance to emit green stars when traded with, and emit lightning cloud particles when hit.
 * Villagers treat Zombie Pigmen as Zombies, running from them.
 * C418 is currently working on sounds for Villagers.
 * On superflat, when there are slimes in the village, the villagers will sometimes follow medium slimes and watch them bounce, to a sometimes humorous glitch where the heads are rapidly bobbing up and down; but this is uncommon.
 * Villagers will commonly stare at random mobs, and certain blocks. Villagers will also rarely stare at zombies through doors or glass panes.
 * Despite the fact it doesn't rain in deserts, villagers will sometimes still go indoors if it is raining in other biomes.
 * You can manually spawn baby villagers in creative by right-clicking the villager with their spawn egg. This works for all other mobs that can breed.
 * Since villagers will buy renewable resources from you for emeralds, emeralds and anything purchased with them may be considered renewable.