Map

The map is an item used to view explored terrain.

While the object is being held in the player's hand, a map is constructed as the player explores the world. When the item is later selected, the player can see the explored world on a paper held in front of them.

Each map is 128&times;128 total pixels, with each pixel representing an area of world space 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 blocks across. A map can therefore covers a maximum area of 2048&times;2048 blocks block area, or 128&times;128 chunks – slightly over 4 km². In versions prior to snapshot 12w34a, the zoom factor is fixed at 8&times;8, giving approximately &1 km² of coverage.

Since Infdev (and including Alpha, Beta, and Official versions), Minecraft worlds are essentially infinite in horizontal space, so one map can not remotely accommodate an entire world. Multiple maps can be crafted, although the area they cover is determined at crafting time, by the location in which they are crafted (see Multiple maps below).



Crafting
To craft a map from scratch, you will need 9 sugar cane (3 sugar cane for 3 pieces of paper), 4 iron ore, fuel to smelt that ore, and 1 piece of Redstone Dust (requires an iron pickaxe or better).

To create a fully zoomed-out map, you will need 32 additional paper.

Behavior
Each map is created with three parameters:
 * A map type, which can either be overworld, nether, or as of the 1.0 update, The End. Overworld maps are created with a regular compass on the overworld. Nether maps are created in the nether, End maps in the End. If a map of any type is viewed in another realm, it does show whatever information had already been collected but it does not show the position/direction pointer, and moving about does not update it.
 * A center, which is where the map was created.
 * A zoom level, which was fixed at 8:1 prior to snapshot 12w34a, but now starts at 1:1 and can be increased up to 16:1 by re-crafting an existing map.
 * On the 12w36a snapshot new maps are crafted at a scale factor of 1:1. A map can be 'zoomed out' by re-crafting it with another 8 pieces of paper on a crafting table. Each time this is done, the scale increases – 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16 with a map scale of 1:16 being the current maximum.

A map's parameters are fixed when the map is created. This means the map does not remain centered on the player, as happens in some games. To cover a new region, a new map must be crafted.

As of weekly snapshot 12w36a the pointer no longer disappears when the player leaves the map, instead it changes into a white dot. This dot indicates on what side of the map you are. When placing a map into an Item Frame, the map will be shown and a green pointer will be placed at the location of the item frame.

To record the world on a map, that specific map item must be held in the player's hands while the player moves about the world. The world will be recorded as it is at exploration time, meaning that if the world is modified a player must revisit the area while holding the map in order to update the map's view. Maps are positioned low down in the player's field of view so as not to obstruct the player's view in front of them. The player must look down to view a map.

Multiple maps
In order to map a new area, a blank map must be carried into that area and activated by right-clicking while it is the active item. The point where a map is activated fixes its grid location. A map can be zoomed out by re-crafting it with additional paper, and this may cause the 'grid center' to move, but maps cannot be zoomed in again. The 'grid center' for a map depends on its zoom level and where it was crafted and can only be changed by changing the zoom level.

Only the map being held will be drawn, even if another map covers the same area. A map that is never held will remain blank, even if another map in the player's inventory has already drawn its area.

As of version 1.0.0 survival mode, to obtain a new map the user must not hold down shift when picking up the created map from the crafting table: holding shift while picking up the map will always create a clone of map_0, the first map created in that world. Every map cloned this way is named exactly the same (map_0) and is automatically updated with all the rest.

In Creative mode, map_0 is automatically created, centered at the initial spawn point, and all maps taken from the creative mode inventory will be map_0. Maps of other regions can still be obtained by crafting them.

Map display
Each pixel of a map corresponds to an 8&times;8 block area of the world, and is always aligned to X and Z coordinates that are multiples of 8. Generally, the color of a map pixel matches the color of the most common opaque block in the corresponding 8x8 area, as seen from the sky. However, some blocks are seemingly colored incorrectly. For instance, sandstone, gold blocks, Huge Red Mushroom, Wool and netherrack are drawn in gray. Blocks in the 8&times;8 area other than the most common type do not affect the color of the pixel, thus small features tend to be undetectable on maps.

Maps will also show ground up to about 15 blocks below the surface of the water in oceans as slightly lighter blue,so you can see where the ground rises. This is not true with land above water.

Maps are 128&times;128 pixels in size, giving coverage of 1024&times;1024 blocks or 64&times;64 chunks.

Multiplayer
In multiplayer, the maps have a strong social aspect, since it is possible to give one map to another player so they can observe what has been explored. Maps are able to be "cloned" so that players with the same map can combine the results of their exploration. The position of other players holding the same map is visible.

Usage
Maps are mostly used to give the player a sense of direction when lost. In SSP it can also be used to re-locate mineral deposits. In SMP, players are able to view others' maps and explorations by giving one another different maps. Maps are also an essential tool in PvP Servers, as to know where you and your enemies are located.

While maps in the Nether work, it has a ceiling, and all that will be shown is red and gray. The only useful function is finding where you are in relation to where you made the map. Additionally, the direction indicator rapidly spins and is not a good indicator of direction. Remembering that maps are north at the top and that the L corner of nether blocks points west is more reliable. And as long as the map was created near a portal, that map's center will always be that portal. Maps are only somewhat useful for knowing which parts of The Nether you have explored, especially since you may be re-visiting the same map area at a different height. (This also applies in the Overworld, but is more important in the Nether due to the latter's form.)

Maps made in the End show a similar red and gray pattern, despite the lack of a (visible) ceiling. The direction indicator does work properly, however.

Maps can also show elevation. Higher elevations in the world mean lighter colors on the map.

Bugs

 * If you try to look at a map while in 3rd or 2nd person, it will just appear that the player is holding the inventory picture of a map, instead of displaying the land around the player.
 * If you hold a map and enter a boat or minecart in 1st person view, switch to 3rd person view, then return to 1st person, the left hand is out of position. This can also happen if you open your inventory while sitting in a boat or minecart.
 * Maps can rarely map void areas but more often than not cause a saving chunks screen to appear followed by a crash. This is because maps aren't programmed to show the Void.
 * Maps do not work correctly on some servers with low viewing distances, and walking around only produces a few mapped pixels.
 * When holding a map while breaking a block, the map clears and increments the map index to the next number. (map_0 to map_1, etc.) (not in 1.0.0)
 * When loading your world, if you turn to the left, the player arrow will become off by a pixel (about 22.5 degrees); if you rotate right it will be fine. It also 'tracks' the number of rotations you've made in either direction.
 * Some maps in SMP will display normally while exploring, but once the user relogs vertical lines appear in the map that will go away. Giving the map to another player to look at for a moment most often seems to fix the issue.
 * When creating a new map in SMP, previously created maps currently in the player's inventory may become the new map.
 * All colors of wool show up as light gray on a map.
 * When you craft and look at a map with a structure at 230 blocks high, it will display "Saving chunks" and crash. (reported once)
 * In 1.2 if you make multiple maps it will only create a duplicate of map_0.
 * In 1.3.1 : when you craft a new map in SSP, it may be a duplicate of map_0 instead of a new one. This happens when you hold the shift key while picking up the map upon crafting.
 * In 1.3.1 : when viewing a map inside of a Boat, the directional arrow may point in the wrong direction (pointed in a direction that is not synced to the direction the player is facing even when in motion).

Trivia

 * In PVP Multiplayer servers, be cautious making/using maps as it will reveal your position and if another player makes a map at another time or is currently using a map you will show up on their map, revealing your base location if it was hidden. Note: This can be used to find other players bases but it is highly advised to craft your map at spawn or away from your base so they cannot use their map to find your base as stated above.
 * The map will record the surface even as you move through a cave, making it useful for determining if there are hazards (water, sand, lava) above you when you're digging a tunnel to the surface.
 * Maps and the drawn bow are the only two items in Minecraft that require two hands to hold.
 * When the player walks off the edge of a map, their location will momentarily jump to the other side of the map.
 * When edited into the player's inventory, the map's name (unless damage value was correctly specified) is always "map_x", where x is the number of the map. The first one will be map_0.
 * When the player is holding the map, and he/she presses for 3rd-person view, it does not show the player looking at the map. It simply shows the player holding the inventory icon of the map in one hand.
 * Maps, despite being made of paper, can be used in the rain and underwater.
 * Maps are currently the most heavily detailed object in Minecraft, having several times more pixels than a large painting.
 * Notch has said that maps' ability to save custom data could lead to the creation of real books written by players, or even paintings/signs that use custom textures. While such books were implemented in the 1.3.1 release, they do not store data in the same way as maps.
 * There can be no more than 65536 (216) unique maps per world.
 * If there are too many maps, when trying to craft one it will relay the message "Can't craft map: too many maps".
 * A map created using the "give" command will always be Map_0. If Map_0 has not ever been crafted, it will be centered on the original spawn point (not moved with beds).
 * The map item currently only maps the surface, but Notch said that having "cave maps is an interesting idea".
 * Notch said that he would try to make maps place-able on walls. This feature is not currently in the game however. A Planned Feature including Item Frames makes it possible to place maps on the wall. Item Frames are most likely part of the 1.4 release.
 * The maps are stored separately as their own data (.dat) file as map_x.dat with (x) being the map number, see Map Item Format for more info. By manipulating this number, players can organize their maps to suit them, or if they accidentally create a map in the same location, they can delete their extra map so as to save the number they make.
 * Maps can map the void in SMP.
 * The center of the map is the block you were standing on when it was created, not at the point where it was first used, and not (necessarily) exactly the same location as the workbench it was crafted on.
 * Arm textures are rotated and show the back of the arm, because the player is holding the map in the palms of their hands.
 * Unlike compasses brought into The Nether or The End, the direction indicator of the map crafted in the Nether rapidly spins in slow motion.
 * In the Xbox 360 Version, you will have a map in your inventory when you spawn in a world for the first time.