User:Munin295/Pulse circuit

A pulse circuit is a redstone circuit which manages pulses.

Pulse basics
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 * Oscilloscope


 * 1&times;N&times;2, flat, silent
 * An oscilloscope is used to analyze and diagnose pulses. It generally isn't built as part of a redstone mechanism, but is used in circuit invention, design and diagnosis to observe the length and spacing of pulses being generated by part of a circuit.
 * An oscilloscope simply consists of a line of 1-tick repeaters. An oscilloscope should be constructed to be at least as long as the expected pulse, plus a few extra repeaters (the more repeaters, the easier it will be to time capturing a pulse). For periodic pulses (as from clock circuits), an oscilloscope should be at least as long as the pulse period (both the on and off parts of the pulse).
 * You can freeze an oscilloscope by running additional repeaters into the sides of the oscilloscope and powering them simultaneously to lock the repeaters of the oscilloscope. Alternatively, the state of an oscilloscope can be captured with a screenshot, or the oscilloscope can be positioned on-screen so that it is visible when the player escapes to the game menu (by default with ).

Monostable circuit
A monostable circuit is a circuit with only one stable output state (either on or off). While in its stable output state, it will not change its state unless triggered by its input, but in its unstable state it will revert to its stable state (either after a time specifically designed for, or after a random time).

There are three kinds of monostable circuits:


 * Edge Detector
 * Outputs a pulse when it detects the input turning on (a rising edge detector), turning off (a falling edge detector), or both (a dual edge detector).


 * Pulse Generator
 * Outputs a specific pulse when activated.


 * Pulse Limiter
 * Allows short pulses through unchanged, but caps the output pulse at a certain length.

Edge Detector
An edge detector emits a pulse when it detects the edge of its input pulse: either the rising edge of the pulse (when it turns on), the falling edge of the pulse (when it turns off), or both.

There are some design strategies which can be adapted to kinds edge detectors:
 * A NOR-gate edge detector uses a NOR gate to compare the input's current state to the inverse of its state a few ticks ago (or vice versa).
 * A dust-cut edge detector uses the time difference between when a piston is activated and when its block stops moving to suppress the output signal on the correct edge of the input.

Rising edge detector
A rising edge detector emits a pulse when its input turns on (the rising edge of the pulse).


 * Circuit Breaker


 * 1&times;3&times;3 (9 block volume), 1-wide
 * circuit delay: 1 to 4 ticks, output pulse: 1 to 4 ticks
 * The circuit breaker is the most commonly used rising edge detector due to its small size and adjustable output.
 * Variations: The output repeater may be set to any delay, which will also lengthen the output pulse to equal the delay. When oriented north-south, the output repeater may be replaced by any mechanism component, causing the mechanism component to receive a 1-tick activation pulse.


 * Dust-Cut Rising Edge Detector
 * features vary (see schematics)
 * A dust-cut rising edge detector works by moving a block so that it cuts the output dust line after only one tick.


 * Subtraction Rising Edge Detector
 * features vary (see schematics)
 * A subtraction rising edge detector works by using the subtraction mode of a redstone comparator to shut off the output pulse.
 * Earliest Known Publication: May 3, 2013


 * Locked-Repeater Rising Edge Detector


 * 2&times;4&times;2 (16 block volume), flat, silent
 * circuit delay: 3 ticks, output pulse: 1 tick
 * Variations: If the input doesn't have to be at the same height as the output, you can move the torch so that it's attached to the top of the block it's currently above, and run the input into that block.


 * Dropper-Hopper Rising Edge Detector


 * 1&times;3&times;2 (6 block volume), 1-wide, silent
 * circuit delay: 3 ticks, output pulse: 3.5 ticks
 * Variations: If you want to drop the output to the same level as the input immediately, place a block in front of the comparator with dust beneath it.


 * Removed-Block Rising Edge Detector
 * features vary (see schematics)
 * Uses the same principle as the circuit breaker -- power the output through a block, then remove the block to keep the output pulse short.
 * Earliest Known Publication: March 14, 2013 and March 29, 2013


 * NOR-Gate Rising Edge Detector
 * features vary (see schematics)
 * A NOR-gate rising edge detector compares the current power to the power from 2 ticks ago -- if the current power is on and the previous power was off, the output torch flashes on briefly.
 * All of these designs use a trick to limit the output pulse to a single tick. A redstone torch cannot be activated by a 1-tick pulse from exterior sources, but a torch activated by a 2-tick exterior pulse can short-circuit itself into a 1-tick pulse.

Falling edge detector
A falling edge detector emits a pulse when its input turns off (the falling edge of the pulse).


 * Dust-Cut Falling Edge Detector


 * 1&times;4&times;3 (12 block volume), 1-wide
 * circuit delay: 0 ticks, output pulse: 2 ticks
 * When the input turns off, the piston immediately retracts the block, allowing the still-powered repeater to output a signal for 2 ticks. When the input turns on again, the piston cuts the connection before the signal can get through the repeater.


 * Locked-Hopper Falling Edge Detector


 * 1&times;4&times;2 (8 block volume), 1-wide, silent
 * circuit delay: 1 tick, output pulse: 4 ticks
 * When the input turns off, it takes 1 tick for the torch to turn back on, giving hopper A a chance to push its item to the right and activate the output.
 * This circuit requires time to reset (to push the item back into hopper A), so the fastest input clock it can handle is a 4-clock.
 * Earliest Known Publication: 22 May 2013


 * Locked-Repeater Falling Edge Detector


 * 2&times;3&times;2 (12 block volume), flat, silent
 * circuit delay: 2 ticks, output pulse: 1 tick
 * When the input turns on, the output repeater is locked before it can be powered by the block behind it. When the input turns off, the output repeater is unlocked and is briefly powered by the block behind it, producing a 1-tick output pulse.


 * NOR-Gate Falling Edge Detector
 * features vary (see schematics below)
 * A NOR-gate falling edge detector compares the current power to the power from 2 ticks ago -- if the current power is off and the previous power was on, the output torch flashes on briefly.

Dual edge detector
A dual edge detector emits a pulse when its input changes (at either the rising edge or the falling edge of the pulse).


 * Moving-Block Dual Edge Detector


 * 1&times;4&times;3 (12 block volume), 1-wide
 * circuit delay: 1 tick, output pulse: 2 ticks
 * The block of redstone moves when the signal turns on and when it turns off. While it is moving it cannot power the dust below it, so the output torch turns on until the block of redstone stops moving.
 * Variations: You can place a torch on the other side of the bottom blocks to get an output on the same side as the input. You can also move the piston and block of redstone to the side of the dust, rather than on top of the dust, producing a shorter but wider circuit.
 * Earliest Known Publication: January 28, 2013


 * Dust-Cut Dual Edge Detector


 * 1&times;4&times;3 (12 block volume), 1-wide
 * circuit delay: 1 tick (rising edge) or 0 ticks (falling edge), output pulse: 1 tick
 * When the input turns on, the repeater outputs a signal 1 tick later, but the piston cuts the signal off after 1 tick. When the input turns off, the piston block immediately retracts allowing the signal through instantly, but the repeater turns off after 1 tick.


 * NOR-Gate Dual Edge Detector


 * 3&times;5&times;3 (45 block volume), silent
 * circuit delay: 3 ticks (rising edge) or 1 tick (falling edge), output pulse: 2 ticks
 * A NOR-gate dual edge detector compares the current power to the power from 2 ticks ago -- if the current power is different than the previous power, an output torch flashes on briefly.
 * Earliest Known Publication: July 2, 2012


 * Locked-Repeater Dual Edge Detector
 * A locked-repeater dual edge detector uses the timing of repeater locking to detect signal edges.
 * Earliest Known Publication: April 16, 2013 and May 1, 2013

Pulse generator
A pulse generator is a circuit which generates a pulse in response to player activation.

Common choices for building pulse generators include a button or pressure plate controlling a rising edge detector, or a lever controlling a dual edge detector.

Pulse limiter
A pulse limiter is a circuit which shortens the length of a pulse.

Any rising edge detector can be used as a pulse limiter.