Trading

The trading system is a gameplay mechanic that allows players to trade emeralds for items (and vice-versa) with villagers and wandering traders.

Functionality
Pressing use on an adult villager will open a GUI allowing a player to trade with the villager. Villagers will make offers based on their profession, and will only make trades based on what offers they are making. All offers involve emerald as a currency, and some item pertinent to the villager's career. Trading allows the acquisition of uncommon items. It is also the only legitimate method of acquiring globe banner pattern, woodland and ocean explorer map in Survival mode.

Different professions are assigned to each villager, and are viewable by their appearance and in the trading GUI. For example, villager wearing straw hat is farmer (based on profession overlay, not biome outfit). Every villager spawns from level 1 of their given career, which can be identify from by badge they wear, in Java Edition stone badge for novice, iron badge for apprentice, gold badge for journeyman, emerald badge for expert, and diamond badge for master (in Bedrock Edition only three badge available which is iron, gold, and diamond). Each level consists of a defined set of trade offers. They can level-up when their experience bar is full. When they do, they will receive regeneration and become surrounded with purple and green particles for a few seconds. Each profession will only unlock a finite number of offers.

Villagers will deactivate an offer if the offer has been used some number of times. The chance of an offer's deactivation is different for every item, see table below. When villagers work with corresponding job site blocks they will activate an offer again, but only up to twice per day. When an offer is disabled, a red X will appear in the trading interface, and it has the same particle effect as an offer being created.

Villagers will distinguish between data values, so different colors of wool cannot replace white wool, charcoal cannot be traded in place of coal, and damaged tools cannot be traded in place of fully repaired tools.

In Java Edition, all trades reward the player with 3–6 experience, or 8–11 experience if the villager is in a state where it is willing to breed. This is also true in Bedrock editions, except that certain trades don't reward any experience: the first-tier trades of a Farmer, the rotten flesh trade of a Cleric, the porkchop trade of a Butcher, or the string trade of a Fletcher.

Economic Trades
In Bedrock Edition 1.11.0, villagers have 8-10 trade slots. Some trade slots with multiple possible trades will only display one trade, for example, farmer villagers have 4 potential trades in their first trade slot, so each trade has a $1/4$ chance to be chosen. Each trade can be used a maximum number of times, after which the trade becomes disabled. Once trades are disabled, villagers must work at their corresponding job site block to resupply their trades (e.g.: a toolsmith villager will work at a smithing table). The more often players trade with the same trade slot, the more that slot's demand will increase (though some trades with 0 price multipliers are not affected by demand). The Hero of the Village effect reduces trade prices, except trades which cost one emerald. When a player trades with a villager, both the player and the villager will gain experience. When a villager's experience bar is full, they will level up which unlocks new trade tiers and changes their badge.

Villagers have 5 levels:
 * Novice: Available from the start
 * Apprentice: Requires 10 experience points
 * Journeyman: Requires 60 experience points
 * Expert: Requires 160 experience points
 * Master: Requires 310 experience points

In Bedrock Edition, villagers not from template world will be converted into villager_2 when updating to 1.11.0, however if a player has already traded with a villager at least once, they will keep their old trades, but with the new gui. Since old trades don't give xp to villagers, their experience bar will never increase, making them unable to level-up.

Villager
Economic trade table for every villager in Bedrock Edition and Java Edition

Bedrock Edition

 * Armorer (welding mask with black apron):




 * Butcher (red headband with white apron):

' '


 * Cartographer (golden monocle):

' '


 * Cleric (purple apron with purple creeper cloak):




 * Farmer (straw hat):




 * Fisherman (fisher hat and fishy apron):




 * Fletcher (feather on hat and quiver):

' '


 * Leatherworker (brown gloves with brown apron):




 * Librarian (eyeglasses with book as hat):




 * Shepherd (brown hat with white apron):

' '


 * Stone Mason (black gloves with black apron):




 * Toolsmith (black apron):

' '


 * Weaponsmith (pirate eyepatch with black apron):



Nitwits are a green-coated villager. They cannot be traded with.
 * Nitwit (green coat)

Villagers without profession overlays are unemployed and cannot be traded with. They only wear biome outfits, e.g.: unemployed plains villagers appear as plain brown robed villagers. (Like farmers did before 1.11.0, but with an iron badge.)
 * Unemployed (no overlay)

An unemployed villager can be given a profession by having them close to a certain unclaimed job sites block near a valid bed (e.g a cartography table will turn an unemployed villager into a cartographer).

Java Edition
A maximum of two trades will be randomly selected at every tier.


 * Armorer (welding mask with black apron):


 * Butcher (red headband with white apron):




 * Cartographer (golden monocle):




 * Cleric (purple apron with purple creeper cloak):


 * Farmer (straw hat):


 * Fisherman (fisher hat and fishy apron):


 * Fletcher (feather on hat and quiver):




 * Leatherworker (brown gloves with brown apron):


 * Librarian (eyeglasses with book as hat):


 * Mason (black gloves with black apron):


 * Shepherd (brown hat with white apron):




 * Toolsmith (black apron):




 * Weaponsmith (pirate eyepatch with black apron):

Nitwits are a generic green-coated villager. They offer no trades.
 * Nitwit (green coat)

Villager without profession overlays are unemployed and cannot be traded with and only wear biome outfit, e.g.: plains unemployed villager appear as a plain brown robed villager. (Like as a farmer before 1.14.)
 * Unemployed (no overlay)

An unemployed villager can be given a profession by having them close to a certain crafting block near a valid bed (e.g a cartography table will turn an unemployed villager into a cartographer).

Wandering trader


The wandering trader is only available in Bedrock Edition and Java Edition. Unlike other villagers, the wandering trader does not buy items in exchange for emeralds – it only sells items using emeralds as a price. Therefore, the top row (header) of the following table is how many emeralds the player needs to receive the items listed in the bottom row (content) of the table.

Java Edition
The wandering trader will pick 6 random trades from the list below.

Bedrock Edition
In Bedrock Edition, wandering traders sell 6 random trades. Their trades are unaffected by demand.

5 of the random trades are shown in the table below:

The other random trade is shown below (only one of these items will be chosen for each wandering trader):

Upcoming

5 of the random trades are shown in the table below:

The other random trade is shown below (these items will be chosen for each wandering trader and always offered but only one of them):

Video
Video by slicedlime:

Trivia

 * Right-clicking on a villager pauses that villager's pathfinding.
 * If a villager takes damage while trading, the trading GUI will close.
 * In Bedrock Edition, while inside the trading GUI, an emerald will appear above the villager's head.