Soul Sand

Soul Sand (also known as Slow Sand, Mud, Hell Mud or Nethermud) is a brown-grey dirt-type block, only naturally found in The Nether, usually near large bodies of lava in deposits similar to gravel deposits.

This material has looks somewhat similar to a Dirt block, but it has some unique features. It slows the movement of any player or mob, and players sink slightly into the block while walking on it. It is only 7/8 the height of a normal block, so the player cannot walk from a block of soul sand to a slab without jumping. Its texture has faces on it similar to tortured souls.

Uses
This slowing effect is much greater when the Soul Sand block is placed in water and is useful for making drowning traps more effective against mobs. This block will also prevent water currents from transporting items over it. For example, it is often used in a cannon to stop water from moving the TNT too quickly. When placed directly over an ice block, soul sand's slow effect is greatly increased, affecting both mobs and players. The slowing effect can also be used to stop large amounts of mobs at once, making them vulnerable to attacks with a bow.

Soul sand used to suppress the impact from boats when colliding to it at the angle of approximately 6° to 174°, which made it an effective building material when creating a dock.

Automatic walkway
Because of its size, soul sand can be used in automatic walkways where soul sand and a fullsized block are arranged in an alternating pattern and pushed around in a rectangular circuit by pistons. This can be the fastest possible way of transport in minecraft if it is built properly, however there are several disadvantages:
 * 1) The walkway cannot be more than 16 blocks per span, although multiple spans can be connected.
 * 2) The player must stand at the very edge of the walkway or they will fall through it.

Italic text'Bold text'===One-way and Minecart-only gates===

When placed on the ground in front of a two-block high doorway, soul sand prevents players from going through it from that direction, which can be useful for building one-way passages or invisible barriers. This affects mobs too as they have to jump to get out of the slowing effects of the block, thus are unable to get through the door.

However, it is possible to avoid the sand trap by jumping over the soul sand and squeezing into the one way door or continuing to jump when trying to go through the entry way. Since you do not sink into the soul sand in this case, it is like jumping over an empty space. It is possible for a mob to avoid the trap in this way, but unlikely, since a mob usually only jumps when there is a block one level higher than the mob. For that reason, these kinds of one-way doors will be best served by covering a large (4x9 centered in front of the door itself) rectangle with soul sand, such that players and entities will not be able to merely jump over it.

Because rails can be laid on soul sand like most other block materials, the slowing ability can be exploited to create minecart-only gates (by placing soul sand on both sides of the doorway). This is one of the few ways to allow rails to go directly inside a secure area without risking wandering mobs getting in.

Using the same idea underground, one can create a tunnel trap for wandering mobs and players. By digging out one block of the ceiling of a 1x2 tunnel and placing soul sand underneath, players will be unable to easily leave the soul sand block without destroying blocks.

Another way to get through the gate is by placing a block above the doorway (see picture). it can be any block above the doorway except air. But there is one problem with this other walkway, it will glitch and you will get stuck in the ground.

Growing Nether Wart
Another use for soul sand is allowing the player to grow nether wart, a primary base ingredient for many varieties of potions, while only in The Nether. Nether wart is planted on soul sand like a seed, and at full maturity produces multiple nether wart when harvested.

Trivia

 * Upon close inspection of this block, the texture resembles a collage of Creeper-like faces. This could explain the "soul" in soul sand. This feature was also much more noticeable in the Beta Pre-Release versions.
 * The first appearance of this block was on Notch's blog.
 * Soul Sand can prevent zombies and skeletons from burning under certain conditions. If you add glass above their head and prevent them from jumping, they will not ignite.
 * There's a glitch with soul sand and sprinting if you sprint and hit a certain spot instead of sinking to 7/8 of the block its possible to sink all the way through it.
 * Because Soul Sand is not a full block, standing near lava while on soul sand will set you on fire and make you take lava damage. Be very careful around soul sand.
 * The slowest way possible to walk in the game is to sneak and block with your sword while walking through cobwebs and still water on soul sand with ice underneath it, with the effects of the potion of slowness.
 * In version 1.2.3, slowly floating into a block of Soul Sand will kill you, making soul sand boathouses dangerous.
 * If a water current is pushing you diagonally against a wall and soul sand is the block adjacent to your head when the current ends, it will cause you to jump.

History
Soul Sand was first added in Alpha 1.2.0 (the 'Halloween Update).

When first released, Sneaking on a soul sand block would not prevent the player from falling off the block. This bug was fixed in the 1.2.1 Alpha patch.

As of Beta 1.6.6, one can get out of Soul Sand to another block while sneaking.

As of the Beta 1.9 Pre-release 1 it can be used to grow a plant known as Nether Wart.

As of the Beta 1.9 Pre-release 6, Soul Sand is best mined using a shovel, although a sword used to work better.