Trading

The trading system is a gameplay mechanic that allows players to trade emeralds for items (and vice-versa) with villagers.

Functionality
Pressing use on an adult villager will open a GUI allowing a player to trade with the villager. Villagers will make offers based on their profession and career, and will only make trades based on what offers they are making. Different offers may be viewed by pressing the left and right buttons next to the currently displayed offer. All offers involve emerald as a currency, and some item pertinent to the villager's career. Trading allows the acquisition of uncommon items. It is also the only legitimate method of acquiring bottles o' enchanting, woodland and ocean explorer map in Survival mode.



Different careers are assigned to each villager, and are viewable in the trading GUI. For example, brown-robed villagers can be fletchers or fishermen; blacksmiths can be armorers or weaponsmiths; etc. Every villager spawns with tier 1 of their given career, which range from 2–4 initial unlocked trades (i.e. all shepherds will spawn with only two options, buying wool and selling shears). Each tier consists of a defined set of trade offers, and the tiers are the same for any given career (see the chart below). They can unlock new tiers when an existing offer is traded. Note that the trading GUI must be closed before a villager will unlock a new tier. When they do, they will receive Regeneration I and become surrounded with purple and green particles for a few seconds. Each career has a fixed sequence of tiers, and will only unlock a finite number of offers.

Villagers will deactivate an offer if the offer has been used some number of times. The chance of an offer's deactivation is random, but an offer must be used at least 2 times before it is eligible for deactivation. After an offer has been used 12 times, it is guaranteed to be deactivated. Trading a different offer may activate an offer again. When an offer is disabled, a red X will appear in the trading interface, and it has the same particle effect as an offer being created.

An offer is guaranteed to reactivate available deactivated options (and unlock a tier, if some have not yet been unlocked) the first time it is traded. On subsequent trades, it will only have a 20% chance of doing so, per trade. For example, if a farmer villager has a trade of 8 pumpkins for 1 emerald, and the player trades a stack of 64 pumpkins, this will count as 8 attempts with each attempt having a 20% chance to reactivate the villager's trades, which comes to about 83.2% chance of reactivation (1 - 1/0.88).

Villagers will distinguish between data values, so different colors of wool cannot replace white wool, charcoal cannot be traded in place of coal, and damaged tools cannot be traded in place of fully repaired tools. NBT data, however, is ignored, so the content of a written book does not matter.

In Java Edition, all trades reward the player with 3–6 experience, or 8–11 experience if the villager is in a state where it is willing to breed. This is also true in Bedrock editions, except that certain trades don't reward any experience: the first-tier trades of a Farmer, the rotten flesh trade of a Cleric, the porkchop trade of a Butcher, or the string trade of a Fletcher.

Economic Trades
In Bedrock Edition 1.11.0, villagers have 8-10 trade slots. Some trade slots with multiple possible trades will only display one trade, for example, farmer villagers have 4 potential trades in their first trade slot, so each trade has a $1/4$ chance to be chosen. Each trade can be used a maximum number of times, after which the trade becomes disabled. Once trades are disabled, villagers must work with their corresponding workstation to resupply their trades (e.g.: a toolsmith villager will work with a smithing table). The more often players trade with the same trade slot, the more that slot's demand will increase (though some trades with 0 price multipliers are not affected by demand). The Hero of the Village effect reduces trade prices, except trades which cost one emerald. When a player trades with a villager, both the player and the villager will gain experience. When a villager's experience bar is full, they will level up which unlocks new trade tiers and changes their badge.

Villagers have 5 levels:
 * Novice: Availabe from the start
 * Apprentice: Requires 10 experience points
 * Journeyman: Requires 60 experience points
 * Expert: Requires 160 experience points
 * Master: Requires 310 experience points

Prior to Village and Pillage
The full list of careers and tiers is below:

Farmer (Brown Robe)



 * Farmer (straw hat):


 * Fisherman (fisher hat and fishy apron):


 * Shepherd (brown hat with white apron):


 * Fletcher (feather on hat and quiver):

Librarian (white robe)



 * Librarian (eyeglasses with book as hat):


 * Cartographer (golden monocle):

Priest (purple robe)



 * Cleric (purple apron with purple creeper cloak):

Smith (black robe)



 * Armorer (welding mask with black apron):


 * Weaponsmith (pirate eyepatch with black apron):


 * Toolsmith:

Butcher (white apron)

 * Butcher (red headband with white apron)


 * Leatherworker (brown apron with brown gloves)

Nitwit (green robe)
Nitwits are generic green-robed or green coated. They offer no trades.

Unemployed (no overlay)
Villagers without profession overlays are unemployed and cannot be traded with. They only wear biome outfits, e.g.: unemployed plains villagers appear as plain brown robed villagers. (Like farmers did before Java Edition 1.14, but with a badge.)

An unemployed villager can be given a profession by having them close to a certain crafting block near a valid bed (e.g a cartography table will turn an unemployed villager into a cartographer).

Stone Mason (black gloves with black apron)


Note: This stone mason trade table below only used in Bedrock Edition 1.10.0.

Village and Pillage
Economic trade table for every villager in Bedrock Edition 1.11.0 and Java Edition 1.14.

Bedrock Edition

 * Armorer (welding mask with black apron):


 * Butcher (red headband with white apron):




 * Cartographer (golden monocle):




 * Cleric (purple apron with purple creeper cloak):


 * Farmer (straw hat):


 * Fisherman (fisher hat and fishy apron):


 * Fletcher (feather on hat and quiver):




 * Leatherworker (brown gloves with brown apron):


 * Librarian (eyeglasses with book as hat):


 * Shepherd (brown hat with white apron):




 * Stone Mason (black gloves with black apron):


 * Toolsmith (black apron):




 * Weaponsmith (pirate eyepatch with black apron):

Nitwits are a green-coated villager. They cannot be traded with.
 * Nitwit (green coat)

Villagers without profession overlays are unemployed and cannot be traded with. They only wear biome outfits, e.g.: unemployed plains villagers appear as plain brown robed villagers. (Like farmers did before 1.11.0, but with an iron badge.)
 * Unemployed (no overlay)

An unemployed villager can be given a profession by having them close to a certain crafting block near a valid bed (e.g a cartography table will turn an unemployed villager into a cartographer).

Java Edition
A maximum of two trades will be randomly selected at every tier.


 * Armorer (welding mask with black apron):


 * Butcher (red headband with white apron):




 * Cartographer (golden monocle):




 * Cleric (purple apron with purple creeper cloak):


 * Farmer (straw hat):


 * Fisherman (fisher hat and fishy apron):


 * Fletcher (feather on hat and quiver):




 * Leatherworker (brown gloves with brown apron):


 * Librarian (eyeglasses with book as hat):


 * Mason (black gloves with black apron):


 * Shepherd (brown hat with white apron):




 * Toolsmith (black apron):




 * Weaponsmith (pirate eyepatch with black apron):

Nitwits are a generic green-coated villager. They offer no trades.
 * Nitwit (green coat)

Villager without profession overlays are unemployed and cannot be traded with and only wear biome outfit, e.g.: plains unemployed villager appear as a plain brown robed villager. (Like as a farmer before 1.14.)
 * Unemployed (no overlay)

An unemployed villager can be given a profession by having them close to a certain crafting block near a valid bed (e.g a cartography table will turn an unemployed villager into a cartographer).

Wandering trader


The wandering trader is only available in Bedrock Edition and Java Edition 1.14. Unlike other villagers, the wandering trader does not buy items in exchange for emeralds – it only sells items using emeralds as a price. Therefore, the top row (header) of the following table is how many emeralds the player needs to receive the items listed in the bottom row (content) of the table.

In Bedrock Edition 1.11.0, wandering traders sell 6 random trades. Their trades are unaffected by demand.

5 of the random trades are shown in the table below:

The other random trade is shown below (only one of these items will be chosen for each wandering trader):

Video
Video by slicedlime:

Trivia

 * Right-clicking on a villager pauses that villager's pathfinding.
 * If a villager takes damage while trading, the trading GUI will close.
 * In Bedrock Edition, while inside the trading GUI, an emerald will appear above the villager's head.