Fishing

Fishing is the process of using a fishing rod to obtain items, usually fish.

Catching fish
To fish, the player must a fishing rod to cast the line into a body of water. The player's position does not matter; the player can be in the water, underwater, sitting in a boat, or standing on adjacent land. Fish can be caught just as readily in small, shallow, and/or player-created pools, both aboveground and underground.

The bobber must be watched closely. Small splashes can be seen around the bobber.

The player must wait for a random period between 5 and 30 seconds before the hook catches something.
 * Each level of Lure enchantment on the fishing rod subtracts 5 seconds from the wait time.
 * If the bobber is not directly exposed to sun or moonlight, the wait time is approximately doubled (each tick has a 50% chance of not decrementing the count). For direct exposure, all blocks above the bobber must be transparent to sunlight, such as glass and tripwire, but not leaves.
 * If the bobber's block is being rained on, the wait time is reduced by about 20% (each tick has a 25% chance of counting down 2 instead of 1). The bobber must be located in a biome where it is currently raining and all blocks above it must not block movement (e.g. torch, tripwire).

After a period of waiting, a trail of water particles appears a short distance from the bobber and heads toward the bobber (provided that the Particles Video Setting is not set to Minimal). When the particle trail reaches the bobber, the bobber dips below the surface and the player must immediately the rod again to reel in the line. The window for reeling in when the bobber submerges varies in duration, averaging about half a second. If a bite is missed, the line can simply be recast or left in the water to wait for another bite.

Upon a successful reel-in:
 * A raw cod, raw salmon, pufferfish, tropical fish, junk, or a treasure item (see Junk and treasure below) to appear and fly toward the player. Normally, the item flies directly to the player's position, but if there are blocks in the way, it may hit those and bounce off at an angle.
 * The rod's durability is reduced by 1 point. This can vary depending on the circumstances; see below.
 * An experience orb worth 1–6 experience points spawns at the location of the player doing the fishing. Consequently, a Mending-enchanted fishing rod used only for fishing never wears out and actually repairs itself if damaged.

If the player wanders more than 32 blocks away from the bobber, or if the player stops holding a fishing rod, the bobber and fishing line disappear with no durability reduction to the rod.

The bobber floats up to the water's surface even if the fishing rod is used from underwater unless it hooks onto a mob such as squid or is obstructed by a block.

Fish mobs do not attempt to bite the fish hook and bobber, but can be hooked and reeled as with other mobs.

Mechanics
Once the bobber hits water, the waiting time is determined. This time ranges from 5 to 30 seconds (100 to 600 ticks at 20 ticks per second), reduced by 5 seconds per Lure level. The Lure enchantment affects both the minimum and maximum time. If it causes the wait time to be less than 0, a new wait time is generated in the next tick.

If it's raining on the bobber, the waiting time is reduced by 20% on average. If the bobber is not exposed to the sky, the wait time is doubled on average.

After the waiting time has passed, fishing particles appear, approaching the bobber in a serpentine path. After 1 to 4 seconds the particles reach the bobber and the player has a approximately half a second or evenly-distributed one to two seconds to reel in the line before the waiting time resets. Removing the bobber from water during this interval secures the caught item on the line.

Junk and treasure
The fishing rod can occasionally catch treasure or junk instead of fish. A fishing rod without the Luck of the Sea enchantment has an 85% chance of catching fish, a 10% chance of catching junk, and a 5% chance of catching treasure. Each level of the Luck of the Sea enchantment increases the chance of catching a treasure at the expense of reducing the chances of catching fish and junk. The Luck status effect grants the same benefit.

To catch items in the treasure category, the bobber must be in open water, defined as the 5×4×5 vicinity around the bobber resting on the water surface (2 blocks away horizontally, 2 blocks above the water surface, and 2 blocks deep). Each horizontal layer in this area must consist only of air and lily pads or water source blocks, waterlogged blocks without collision (such as signs, kelp, or coral), and bubble columns. These conditions are checked every tick to determine if the player is eligible to receive treasure from a fishing attempt. If the conditions are not met, only items in the fish and junk categories can be obtained from fishing.

Fishing rod durability
The fishing rod has 64 units of durability in Java Edition and 384 units in Bedrock Edition. Each use costs 1 point, and the rod breaks when all durability is consumed. The number of uses can be increased if the Unbreaking or Mending enchantments are applied.
 * Reeling in while the bobber is in the air or in the water with nothing caught on it costs no durability.
 * Reeling in and successfully catching fish, junk or treasure costs 1 durability.
 * Reeling in while the bobber is stuck in a solid block costs 2 durability.
 * Reeling in a dropped item costs 3 durability.
 * Reeling in an entity that is not a dropped item costs 5 durability.
 * A fishing rod with the Mending enchantment has effectively infinite durability from incrementally repairing itself if used for fishing only, and the player isn't wearing damaged Mending armor.

The durability cost is subtracted on reel-in, rather than on hooking. Therefore, no penalty is levied for switching to another item or dropping the rod instead of reeling in.

Trivia

 * The maximum distance the player can get between the bobber and themselves is 33 blocks. Any further and the bobber and line detaches, returning to the rod.
 * If the players casts the bobber into a waterfall, the bobber floats up the waterfall until it reaches the top and remains there until the player either pulls it back in or catches fish on the line. If a fish is caught on the line, the bobber then falls down the waterfall.
 * The player can catch fish even if occupying the same block space as the bobber.
 * The player can freely switch between fishing rods after casting the bobber, with the enchantments on the casting rod being preserved in the bobber. This means that one rod can hook an item and another can reel it in, and the durability cost is subtracted from the rod currently equipped.
 * The player can obtain the achievement 'Cow Tipper' from reeling in leather.
 * If the bobber is too close to the land, the small splashes, as well as the trail of particles heading toward the bobber, can be seen on the land.
 * The player can fish while using the fishing rod in the off-hand slot.
 * When in third person mode, the fishing rod is hidden, but the line and bobber are still shown.

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