Drops

Drops are items which appear when mobs and some other entities die. There are three basic types of drops: normal drops, rare drops, and Experience Orbs. Only normal drops appear when a mob is killed other than by the player.

Common and uncommon drops
Normal drops may occur whenever a mob dies, and appear at the location of the mob at the moment it receives the killing damage. Most mobs have particular items which it may drop when killed.

For each of these items, there is a random (uniform) distribution of numbers of that item it will drop; for example, a Cow will drop 0-2 Leather items and 1-3 Raw Beef items. Since the range includes 0, it is possible for no leather to be dropped. If the mob is killed with a weapon with the Looting enchantment, then the upper limit of the range is increased by the level number of the enchantment.

If a mob is a baby animal, it will not drop anything when killed.

Rare drops
Rare drops occur in addition to the normal drops. Unlike most normal drops, they only occur if the monster is killed by a player. All rare drops except skulls can also be obtained by other means. Rare drops are always a single item, not multiples.

Rare drops have a 2.5% chance of occurring when a monster dies, and, when possible, a 20% chance of being enchanted rare drops. Using a weapon with the Looting enchantment increases the chance of a rare drop by 0.5% per level, and also increases the chance of enchanted weapons (up to 50% with Looting III).

Each monster has a separate list of possibilities for enchanted rare drops and non-enchanted rare drops. Within each list, all items are equally likely.

When items are enchanted, the enchantment is chosen in the same way as using an Enchantment Table with a cost of 5 levels. It is possible to get multiple enchantments. This means that the following enchantments may occur on golden swords: and the following enchantments may occur on bows:
 * Sharpness I–II
 * Smite I–II
 * Bane of Arthropods I–II
 * Knockback I
 * Fire Aspect I
 * Looting I
 * Power I

Experience Orbs
Experience Orbs only drop if a mob dies less than five seconds after being attacked (melee, bow, snowballs, eggs) by a player or by a player's pet wolf or cat. Their total value will always be the specific amount of experience granted by killing that mob. Experience gathered from kills can be used for enchanting.

Experience Orbs are similar to items but not the same. Unlike other drops, Experience Orbs appear at the location of the mob's corpse at the moment it disappears in a puff of smoke. Experience Orbs will move towards nearby players.

Block drops
Most blocks drop themselves when broken. All special drops from blocks are listed below. Unless noted otherwise, every block can be collected using the Silk Touch enchantment.

Notes:
 * Blocks marked with "T" need to be broken with a specific tool to drop anything (including experience). The Silk Touch enchantment doesn't remove this requirement.
 * Where noted, Fortune can increase the number of dropped items or multiply it. Increase simply gives 0–lvl extra items. Multiplication happen with the following chances:
 * Fortune I: 33% * 2 (33% more on average)
 * Fortune II: 25% * 2, 25% * 3 (75% more on average)
 * Fortune III: 20% * 2, 20% * 3, 20% * 4 (120% more on average)
 * Container blocks (Brewing Stand, Chest, Dispenser, Flower Pot, Furnace, and Jukebox) drop themselves when broken along with their content.
 * All blocks not listed in the table above drop themselves when broken. Fortune doesn't affect their drop.

History
Experience Orbs were added in Minecraft Beta 1.8 (the Adventure Update) but it had no use until the next update. They also had the normal pick up sound but now they have a "ding" sound. This was also the first version in which more mobs dropped more than one kind of item. Before Beta 1.8, skeletons were the only mobs that dropped two different items.

Before Beta 1.8, zombies dropped feathers and zombie pigmen dropped cooked porkchops. This changed and they dropped rotten flesh, and eventually zombie pigmen dropped golden nuggets.

During the expanse of the Adventure Updates (Beta 1.8 to 1.0), many drops were added. Rotten flesh, Ender Pearls, Gold Nuggets, Ghast Tears, Spider Eyes, Blaze Rods, Snowballs, and many more meats, along with Experience Orbs.

During the Snapshot Releases (1.1 - 1.2), Magma Cubes dropped magma cream. Iron Golems were added, which dropped iron ingots and roses. New discs were dropped by creepers, except for "11". Sheep were able to regrow wool. Rare drops were added in Minecraft 1.2.

Prior to snapshot 12w25a, pigs dropped 0-2 raw/cooked porkchops.