Splash Potion

Splash Potions are a variant of Potion which may be thrown as a weapon. The player can turn any brewable potion into a Splash Potion by mixing one with Gunpowder. Their flask has a different shape than the original, resembling more of a Retort-type flask. Not only can the player throw these potions, but they can also be released from Dispensers. They can affect both passive and hostile mobs. This gives purpose to negative potions as weapons against enemies, although some are immune to certain effects. Positive potions can be used to help, such as on wolves or livestock to recover their health.

History
Splash Potions were introduced in Beta 1.9 Pre-release 4.

Brewing
For ingredients that go into Potions, Splash Potions, and known Potion recipes see Brewing. According to Jeb there are 161 possible potion combinations in Beta 1.9 Pre-release 3, and there may be 2,653 potions in the full release.

Mob Effects
Splash Potions can have varying effects depending on what they are used on versus what they actually are.

Note: Effects needing further confirmation are in italics.

Trivia

 * Splash potions of harming do not harm other players in multiplayer.
 * The effects of Splash potions travel roughly five blocks from the place it lands, the duration shortening the further away an entity is from the center.
 * Splash Effect Potions will affect the player if they are within its radius. This can be dangerous with harmful potions, but useful with positive potions; a group of players clustered together can all benefit from the effects of a single potion, depending of their distance from the center.
 * Splash potions can do minor explosive pushing damage, although this does not seem to harm Creepers and Skeletons in Creative Mode.
 * Jeb has said that while water splash potions should logically harm Endermen and Blazes, its coding would be too difficult to implement.
 * Splash effects are slightly less than expected. Standing against a block at eye-level and hitting it with a potion gives you the longest duration, as opposed to straight down.
 * Splash potions can be seen as versions of the Molotov bomb. When an explosive, incendiary-type splash potion is made, it will be analogous to a Molotov bomb.

Bugs

 * In Creative Mode, throwing a Splash Potion in Beta 1.9 Pre-Release 4 and then opening a chest or any other object causes the Splash Potion to reappear in the same slot it was before.
 * According to Jeb, Skeletons, Zombie Pigmen, and Zombies are supposed to be damaged by Splash Potions of healing."Yes, that's a bug, sorry... Totally failed at writing an if-statement. Undead are supposed to be harmed by healing, as expected"