Amethyst Cluster

Amethyst buds are the first three stages of growth of amethyst clusters, which grow on budding amethyst.

Amethyst clusters are the fourth and final growth stage of amethyst buds, which drop amethyst shards when mined.

Breaking
The amethyst cluster block itself in any of its growth stages (rather than its amethyst shard drops) can be obtained by mining it with any pickaxe with the Silk Touch enchantment. When mined using any other tool without the Silk Touch enchantment, it drops nothing.

When mined without Silk Touch or broken by being pushed off an attached block by a piston or sticky piston, only fully grown amethyst clusters drop amethyst shards, while amethyst buds drop nothing. Breaking an amethyst cluster with a pickaxe drops 4 shards while any other method of breaking it yields 2 shards. The maximum amount of amethyst shards dropped can be increased with Fortune; Fortune I gives a $1⁄3$ chance for 8 shards (averaging 5.33 shards), Fortune II gives a 25% chance (each) to give 8 or 12 shards (averaging 7 shards), and Fortune III gives a 20% chance (each) to give 8, 12, or 16 shards (averaging 8.8 shards). These are the same percentage increases as ores (except redstone ore and ancient debris).

Natural generation
Amethyst buds and clusters generate naturally as part of amethyst geodes, on exposed faces of budding amethysts.

Budding amethyst
Every random game tick there is a 20% chance for a budding amethyst block to spawn a small amethyst bud on any of its sides, as long as the block being replaced with the small amethyst bud is air or a water source block.

Growing into amethyst clusters
An amethyst bud placed on a budding amethyst (rather than any other block) regardless whether it was placed by the player or spawned by the budding amethyst itself will grow over time, going through three growth stages – small, medium, and large – before reaching its 4th and final growth stage as an amethyst cluster, which drops amethyst shards when mined.

Decoration
They can also be placed on some other blocks for decoration, but it's only possible to place them on certain types of blocks. Most blocks have not yet been tested, but it seems that they can only be placed on full blocks, or those sides of blocks that form a full surface. They can be placed on the bottom of stairs (or top of upside down stairs), but not on their side, or top. And they can not be placed on any type of fences.

Light
Small, medium and large amethyst buds give off a light level of 1, 2 and 4 respectively, while amethyst clusters give off a light level of 5.

Sound
Uniquely among other blocks an amethyst cluster in all its growth stages makes a quiet overlay sound when generally interacted with as well as its block breaking sound when hit with a projectile.

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History
For a more in-depth breakdown of changes to textures and models, including a set of renders for each state combination, see /Asset history