Forest

Forests are temperate biomes. There are a total of two variants in the biome family. They are the most common biome in Minecraft, being only slightly more common than plains.

Description
Forest biomes are common, flowery, and densely wooded with oak and birch trees. Lilies of the valley, lilacs, rose bushes, and peonies are found alongside the usual dandelions and poppies. Wolves spawn in forests, making this the only other biome aside from taigas where wolves can spawn. Forests can generate in any type of terrain and can are often found bordering plains biomes, but they can border most biomes in the game.

Forests are one of the most preferred biomes to start a survival world, serving abundant amounts of wood, grass and flowers, water, and passive mobs, and they do not have many dangers aside from the usual hostile mobs. Tamed wolves can help fight against hostile mobs, making them especially useful for when players lack resources for armor. The density of the trees, however, can obstruct vision and get a player lost quickly; random surface-level lava pools are possible, albeit rare, and start forest fires when close to trees.

Variants
The main forest biome has an additional variant: flower forest, for a total of two different forest biomes. Not included are dark forests and birch forests, as they are considered separate biomes.

Forest
Forest is the standard forest biome variant and the most common biome in Minecraft. Along with plains, it was one of the first biomes in the game. Wolves may spawn here, and shallow lakes sometimes generate here.

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Flower forest
The flower forest variant has fewer trees than the regular forest, but boasts large quantities of flowers across its landscape. Like in plains, large oaks replace 33% of small oaks, rather than 10% in other forests.

All types of flowers except for sunflowers, blue orchids, and wither roses generate in the flower forest; in fact, besides in woodland mansions, allium flowers may generate only in flower forests. The vast number of flowers makes this biome variant an excellent source of dye.

The terrain here is more erratic and mountainous than the normal forest. Wolves do not spawn here, but rabbits can. Bees and bee nests also spawn in this biome more commonly. Along with more mountainous terrain, terrain in this biome also often goes below sea level, making shallow lakes much more common than in regular forests.

Flower forests use the same mob spawning chances as forests for hostile and ambient categories. As for the passive category, $$:

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Wooded hills
Wooded hills were similar to forests, though the terrain was hillier and generally more erratic, making it less suitable for shelter. Wolves might still spawn in the hills.

Wooded hills used the same mob spawning chances as forests.

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History

 * In versions before alpha 1.2.0, forested areas existed within various landforms which were randomly generated across the world, as true biomes did not exist yet. Trees generated in abundance within "woods" and "Woods Mountain" terrain, and more sparsely in "Original" and "Original Mountain" terrain.

Trivia

 * Before 1.18, forest and wooded hills biomes used to also generate in patches within plains and deep ocean biomes, similar to how 'Hills' biomes generated within their respective base biomes.
 * Although lilies of the valley generates in the normal forest biome upon chunk generation, only poppies and dandelions are created when using bone meal on grass blocks in the normal forest biome.
 * When using bone meal on the grass blocks in the flower forest biome, each X/Z coordinate generates a particular type of flower. See flower gradient for more information.