Bow

The bow is a ranged weapon that fires arrows. The bow allows the player to kill mobs and other players from a greater distance than melee weapons like the sword. Bows may be charged back by holding down right click, at which point they will deal and rarely even.

The bow can be enchanted, and has a base enchantability of 1. It is a rare drop from Skeletons.

Usage
To use a bow, it must be the active item and there must be arrows somewhere in the player's inventory; they do not need to be on the action bar. Simply right-click to use the bow, which will shoot the arrows. Holding right-click will pull back the string and send the arrow flying faster/farther when released. Pulling the string back all the way releases an arrow with a sparkling effect, causing more damage. The bow also shakes when fully charged -presumably from the tension of the bow- which seems to slightly affect the arrow's flightpath. While the bow is being pulled back, the player will be forced to move at sneak speed.

It should be noted that the bow is very effective at killing powerful foes from afar, such as Ghasts, Skeletons, Creepers, Spiders, Cave Spiders and Spider Jockey: all of which either use ranged attacks, or are dangerous in close proximity. Endermen cannot be killed by arrows, or any projectile for that matter (except splash potions thrown near them), because they teleport when they are hit and won't take damage from it.

As arrows are affected by gravity, they shoot in a parabolic arc. This is hardly noticeable at close range, but becomes more apparent with greater distance. One must aim above mobs at a certain distance, or gain higher ground to effectively neutralize the target. Some players have noticed a slight rightward tendency of shot arrows, although this is speculative.

A fully charged arrow consistently deals damage, with a rare chance of dealing. This means that 2 fully charged arrows are often required to kill most passive mobs, while 3 are often required to kill most hostiles.

Arrows that cause no damage to targets (i.e.: when you miss) will become stuck in the block they hit. You are able to re-collect these arrows. Bows in creative mode will always shoot an arrow, even if you have none in your inventory. Also, be careful when destroying blocks with arrows stuck in them, as falling arrows also cause damage. Also, an arrow reaches 65 blocks upwards, and it fires with a speed of 52 m/s.

Bugs

 * In creative mode, when a bow breaks, it will appear as if it was replaced by a new bow, but trying to use it will cause it to disappear.
 * Also in singleplayer mode, when a bow breaks, it will appear as if it was replaced by a new bow. You can still shoot arrows, but trying to use it (e.g. opening doors while holding the bow) will cause it to disappear. Verified by version 1.2.5.
 * If you have Tiny or Short rendering distance and fire outside of the render, the arrow will be stuck in midair.
 * If an arrow is shot into a block by a player and the game is exited the arrow can no longer be picked up by the player when the game is re-entered. This also happens with arrows shot before dying.
 * Arrows can suddenly lose momentum when it hits the smoke of a dying mob.
 * Arrows in multiplayer will seem to teleport to the top edge of the block above the one its stuck on.
 * Lit arrows (that have gone through lava) will disappear immediately once it enters the Void while normal arrows fired by the player do not immediately disappear.
 * Shooting an Enderman with an Enchanted bow with the flame enchantment will still cause the Enderman to light on fire, even though the arrow doesn't stick. You can light multiple Endermen on fire with this, but you may pre-anger the Enderman(men) before you hit it.
 * If you are sprinting then quickly launch an arrow at the block in front of the player with no charging on the bow, you will take damage from the arrow.
 * In creative SMP servers you cannot pick up arrows after they have been shot.
 * Shooting an arrow straight up in the air in creative will cause the arrow to bounce infinitely until it bounces off the player's head.
 * If you shoot an arrow at a closed door and then open the door, the arrow will appear to hang in mid-air.
 * If you shoot an arrow above the build limit the arrow will disappear, then reappear once it falls into the build limit.

Trivia

 * Tilling grass when an arrow is on it causes the arrow to fall to the block below.
 * When an arrow is shot at a painting, the painting will break and the arrow despawns, since paintings are entities.
 * If an arrow is shot at wheat and then the wheat is destroyed, the arrow falls through the farmland block below it.
 * Arrows can trigger wooden pressure plates.
 * Shooting a Ghast, Giant or a large Slime with an arrow will cause the stuck arrow to appear huge.
 * When fully charged, arrows will leave a trail of orange-white particles to represent critical hit.
 * Arrows shot through lava will set mobs on fire.
 * If TNT is blown up just as an arrow passes by, the arrow is directed opposite of the blast.
 * Arrows will slow down if shot through water.
 * If the player fires an arrow at an Enderman, the arrow will disappear, and the Enderman will teleport away. Sometimes an Enderman seems to be "stuck" and will not teleport himself. In such (and quite rare) situations the arrow will not disappear, but it is reflected back to the player instead. If the flame enchantment is present,the arrow will not damage it, as mentioned above,but will set the Enderman on fire,damaging,and making it hostile.
 * Arrows are not washed away by water flowing over them. If water is poured over arrows on the floor the arrows will make a splashing noise as if they are hitting the water.
 * If a player were to shoot him or herself, the arrow would hit them, causing damage. However this is very unlikely.

Gallery
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