Sugar Cane

Sugar cane can be found on grass, dirt, and sand as long as it is adjacent to water on at least one side. Each sugarcane block grows to a maximum height of three blocks, but sugar cane can be generated with a height of 4 blocks. The player can place sugarcane on a block or on existing sugarcane blocks to make sugarcane that can be taller than 3 blocks. Sugar cane is rarely found in the Tundra biome due to the rare occurrence of open, unfrozen water.

Usage
Sugar cane is the only source of sugar and paper. Sugar is a critical component of cake and used in Brewing, and paper is required to craft books and maps.

Properties
Sugar cane has the same properties as the cactus: planting it does not require the land to be tilled beforehand, removing a lower portion of the plant causes all the sections above it to drop resources, and using bone meal on the plant does not cause it to grow instantly.

Sugar cane will block the flow of lava and water; when either liquid hits a block of sugar cane from above, it spreads out as if it were hitting a solid block. It will also support other blocks placed on top of it, but it will not support the player. Sugar cane can also be placed in the middle of an existing flow (on a block adjacent to water). Sugar cane will keep water out of the space it occupies while allowing the player to walk or swim through it. When used underwater, sugar cane displaces the water as slabs do, leaving an air pocket. Sugar cane can be used to create airlocks. However, the placement of another sugar cane block next to or on top of the first will instantly destroy both and cause them to drop two sugar cane resources. As of 1.8, sugar cane can grow on sand.

Farming


Sugar cane must be planted on a grass, dirt or sand block directly adjacent to water (can't be placed on blocks above or diagonal to water). The adjacent water block can be covered with another block, be it opaque or transparent, and sugar cane will still be able to be placed and grow next to it. It can also be planted next to flowing water.

Sugar cane grows rather slowly. An individual sugar cane block goes through 16 phases of growth before another sugar cane block can grow on top of it. There is no known way to observe this process. Each phase takes a random amount of time, but the average time per phase is about 20 seconds. Only the top block in a sugar cane plant grows in this way, and only if there is empty space above it. After growing a new block above, this growth process restarts from the beginning. Breaking and replanting a sugar cane block also restarts the growth process.

Sugar cane, like saplings, wheat, and cacti, will only grow if the chunk they are on is loaded into memory, so the player should not venture too far from the field. Mature sugar cane can be harvested by hitting the middle instead of the bottom block to save the player the effort of re-planting.

With the setup on the right, it is possible to farm the maximum amount of Sugar Cane per 4x4 area. Each unit of the farm has 4 water blocks and 12 sand, allowing 75% of the area to be dedicated to the sugar cane. Any number of units can be used without sacrificing any efficiency. Additionally, half slabs can be placed over each water source to allow unimpeded travel across the farm.

With the use of Pistons it becomes possible to automate a harvest of Sugar Canes: a piston (or a block attached to a Sticky Piston) is placed to extend into the middle of a cane, which will cause the upper segments of the cane to become items when the piston is triggered. This makes it possible to collect them using standard waterway collection methods (though, canes may still fall on the original dirt block), or by simply running over the canes.

If the water source is removed, sugar cane will not break until it tries to grow, disintegrating into 2 sugar cane resources. Compared to traditional farming, this is an inefficient method because the water supply has to be replaced and the sugar cane re-planted repeatedly. Alternatively, redstone wire can be used to collect sugar cane resources (see this farming tutorial).

History
Reeds (the previous name used) were added in the Alpha v1.0.11 patch and informally referred to as bamboo and papyrus by players. Since reeds could be washed away with water currents or instantly destroyed by removing the water adjacent to them, automated reed farms could be made in previous versions of Minecraft.

Notch retconned reeds into sugar cane in Beta 1.2 because the recipe for the cake introduced in that update needed a source of sugar. As of Beta 1.6, projectile interaction with sugar cane was changed. Arrows no longer stick to sugar cane, and instead passes through.

As of Beta 1.8, sugar cane can be placed onto sand, as long as it is adjacent to water, though before 1.8, sugarcane could still spawn on sand adjacent to water, but could not be placed onto sand. This update allows sugar cane to appear next to an oasis in Desert biomes in 1.8.

Bugs

 * In the 1.9 Prerelease 3, Sugar Cane can be planted under water, and still yield a harvest. It is unknown whether this is a feature or a bug.

Trivia

 * In the coding, Sugar Cane is still referenced as "reeds", both edited block and item.
 * The sugar cane block when edited is called "Sugar cane", but without a capital C at cane, unlike the item.
 * Sugar cane can be planted on a tile covered in snow even if there is no water adjacent to it, but it will break when it grows.
 * Neither the sugar cane nor the block it stands on can be lit on fire with flint and steel, although attempting this will still lower the durability of the tool.
 * However, sugar cane can be planted on a block that has been lit on fire.
 * Ghasts cannot see through sugar cane, making it a safe block to use when making walls. A ghast's fireball will not pass through sugar cane, but it will collide with the sugar cane as if it is a normal block. Note that sugar cane cannot be planted in the Nether without an inventory editor because there is no water, and any water transported in a bucket will despawn instantly.
 * Sugar Cane can grow underground but that occurrence is extremely uncommon.
 * Skeleton arrows do not pass through sugarcane.
 * In Beta 1.8 creative, giving yourself Sugar Cane yields the block, not the item itself. However, you can still place it.