Emerald Ore

Emerald ore is a rare mineral block that generates only in mountains and windswept hills biomes. It drops emeralds when mined, or itself if mined with a pickaxe with the Silk Touch enchantment.

Deepslate emerald ore is a variant of emerald ore that can generate in deepslate and tuff blobs.

Breaking
Emerald ore can be mined with a pickaxe made from iron or better, otherwise it drops nothing. If mined without Silk Touch, the block drops 1 emerald (or up to 4 with Fortune).

Natural generation
Emerald ore can generate in Overworld in the form of blobs. Emerald ore attempts to generate 50 times per chunk in blobs of 1, from levels -16 to 320, being most common at level 256, and becoming less common toward either end of the range. Emerald ore can be exposed to the sky, which is intended. $$, emerald ore attempts to generate 100 times per chunk in all types of windswept hills or mountains biomes in blobs of 0-3 ores, from levels -16 to 320, being most common at level 256, and becoming less common toward either end of the range. Emerald ore can only replace stone, andesite, granite, diorite, and deepslate. Emerald ore that replace deepslate will become deepslate emerald ore.

Deepslate emerald ore is the rarest ore in Minecraft, more rare than normal emerald ore and ancient debris.

Note blocks
Emerald ore can be placed under note blocks to produce "bass drum" sounds.

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Trivia

 * Even though emerald ore is rarer than diamond ore, emerald ore is generally found more often in mountains biomes than diamond ore, as the emerald ore blocks are generated in a more scattered fashion.