Hopper

A hopper is a block that can be used to catch item entities, or to transfer items into and out of containers.

Obtaining
A hopper can be obtained by crafting, by breaking a previously-placed hopper with a pickaxe, or by breaking a minecart with hopper.

Breaking
To break a hopper, it with a pickaxe. Using any other item to break a hopper doesn't drop a block.

Crafting
A hopper can be crafted from 5 iron ingots and a chest.

Usage


A hopper can be used as a container, as a crafting ingredient, and as a redstone component.

A hopper has an "output" tube at its bottom that can face down or sideways and provides a visual indication of which block the hopper is set up to drop its items into, if that block has an inventory. To place a hopper, use the control while aiming at the surface to which its output should face (Hoppers do not orient themselves automatically). To place a hopper directly on the face of an already interactable block, the player can while placing the hopper. Attempting to place a hopper aimed on the bottom face of a block instead faces downwards. A hoppers does not change direction after placement, and it is not attached to the container it faces; the container can be removed or replaced, and the hopper remains unchanged.

Hoppers cannot be moved by pistons. Despite not appearing as a solid block, attached blocks such as rails, levers, tripwire and redstone dust can be placed on top of hoppers (but not on their side).

Container


A hopper can be used as a container and has 5 slots of inventory space.

To open the hopper GUI, use the control. To move items between the hopper inventory and the player inventory or hotbar while the hopper GUI is open, drag or shift-click the items. To exit the hopper GUI, use the control.

By default, the GUI of a hopper is labeled "Item Hopper". A hopper's GUI label can be changed by naming the hopper in an anvil before placing it, or by using the data command (for example, to label a hopper at (0,64,0) "Steve's Hopper", use ).

A hopper can be "locked" (or subsequently unlocked) by setting the hopper's  tag with the data command. If a hopper's  tag is not blank, the hopper cannot be accessed except by players holding an item with the same name as the   tag's text. For example, to lock a hopper at (0,64,0) so that only players holding an item named "Steve's Key" can access the hopper, use.

Crafting ingredient
A hopper can be used to craft a minecart with hopper.

Redstone component
A hopper's behavior is the opposite of most redstone mechanisms, in the presence of a redstone signal actually shuts down the device. Thus, a powered hopper is here described as being deactivated, and an unpowered hopper is described as being activated.

Hoppers can be powered by:
 * Direct power from power components, or being the block a powered redstone repeater aims at, any block adjacent a block of redstone, any terminating block or supporting block for a powered redstone dust trail, or the block directly above any redstone torch.
 * Indirect power, or being next to a directly powered block, as described above. Note that every adjacent block except its placed-upon block considers a redstone torch itself a directly powered block (i.e. an activated redstone torch "soft-powers" all adjacent blocks that aren't its supporting block, and it "hard-powers" only the block directly above it).

An activated hopper has three functions:
 * Collect item entities (free-floating items in the world) into its inventory from the space above it
 * Pull a single item into its inventory from a container above it
 * Push a single item from its own inventory into a container it's facing

Hoppers with containers above them to pull from (furnaces, chests, other hoppers, etc.) cannot collect dropped items (For run-time efficiency, their code doesn't even check for them). Dropped items are gathered from the entire block above the hopper (so they can be collected even if sitting on, for example, Soul Sand). That includes when that block is a solid, non-entity block (a situation that might come from items rising up through solid blocks or being summoned there). Item entities are not collected when they're beyond the hopper's reach (for example, an item on a block of stone above a hopper). Hoppers check for dropped items above them every game tick, and they can collect them even before they're picked up by players or destroyed by lava.

Hoppers have a "transfer cooldown" time. After pulling or pushing items, a hopper waits 8 game ticks (0.4 seconds, barring lag) before pulling or pushing again (a transfer rate of 2.5 items per second, barring lag). Hoppers that have an item pushed into them from another hopper also start a 8 game tick cooldown period, regardless of whether they pushed or pulled items themselves. Item pushes and pulls are processed in the same game tick, but pushes are processed before pulls (see schematic, right). Item entities can be collected in at any time, without affecting the item transfer cooldown time, and can be collected in as entire stacks (rather than a single item at a time).

A hopper always tries to pull or collect items into the leftmost available slot (either because the slot is empty or because it contains an incomplete stack of the item being pulled), and pushes items from its leftmost slots before it pushes from rightmost slots (it won't start pushing items from its second slot before its first is empty, from its third slot before the first two are empty, etc.) unless the container it is pushing into can only accept items from the hopper's rightmost slots (because the container is full except for incomplete stacks matching the hopper's rightmost items). A hopper won't collect or pull items, even when enabled, if it has no available slots to accept available items (there are no empty slots and no incomplete stacks of items that match available items). Similarly, a hopper pushes items into the leftmost slot of the uppermost available row of containers, and they stop pushing items when the target inventory is out of available storage.

Some containers interact with hoppers in specific ways:


 * Dispensers and droppers interact with hoppers normally.
 * Dispensers and droppers interact with hoppers normally.
 * Dispensers and droppers interact with hoppers normally.


 * Hoppers above composters can place compostable items into the composter with a chance of increasing the level of the composter as if the player used the item on the composter. Items which are not compostable cannot be pushed into the composter. Hoppers below the composter can pull bone meal when the composter is in stage 8, emptying the composter and reseting it to stage 0. Hoppers to the side of a composter do not interact with it.
 * Hoppers above composters can place compostable items into the composter with a chance of increasing the level of the composter as if the player used the item on the composter. Items which are not compostable cannot be pushed into the composter. Hoppers below the composter can pull bone meal when the composter is in stage 8, emptying the composter and reseting it to stage 0. Hoppers to the side of a composter do not interact with it.


 * A working hopper on the top face of a brewing stand deposits only into the ingredient slot, and it can only work with valid brewing ingredients. A hopper on side face of a brewing stand only deposits blaze powder as fuel or bottled brews into the three brew slots, and at that only brews that are valid for the brewing stand's current ingredient. A hopper underneath a brewing stand always extracts from the three brew slots, whether brewing is finished or not&mdash;Keep the hopper disabled while potions are brewing.
 * A working hopper on the top face of a brewing stand deposits only into the ingredient slot, and it can only work with valid brewing ingredients. A hopper on side face of a brewing stand only deposits blaze powder as fuel or bottled brews into the three brew slots, and at that only brews that are valid for the brewing stand's current ingredient. A hopper underneath a brewing stand always extracts from the three brew slots, whether brewing is finished or not&mdash;Keep the hopper disabled while potions are brewing.


 * Large chests and large trapped chests are treated as a single unit: A hopper depositing into a large chest fills up the entire chest, and a hopper underneath a large chest empties the entire chest. Trapped chests being accessed by a player disable any adjacent hoppers, per the standard behavior of a hopper next to an active power source.
 * Large chests and large trapped chests are treated as a single unit: A hopper depositing into a large chest fills up the entire chest, and a hopper underneath a large chest empties the entire chest. Trapped chests being accessed by a player disable any adjacent hoppers, per the standard behavior of a hopper next to an active power source.
 * Large chests and large trapped chests are treated as a single unit: A hopper depositing into a large chest fills up the entire chest, and a hopper underneath a large chest empties the entire chest. Trapped chests being accessed by a player disable any adjacent hoppers, per the standard behavior of a hopper next to an active power source.


 * Barrels intact with hoppers normally.
 * Barrels intact with hoppers normally.


 * A working hopper pointing into top face of a furnace deposits only into the ingredient slot. It can push any item, including those which can't be smelted by a variant or even by a regular furnace. A hopper on the side face deposits into the fuel slot and it can only push items that are usable as fuel. A hopper below a furnace pulls only from the output slot, with the exception of pulling empty buckets from the fuel slot left over from using lava buckets as fuel. When a hopper removes items from a furnace, the experience points are 'stored' in the furnace until the player removes at least one smelted item.
 * A working hopper pointing into top face of a furnace deposits only into the ingredient slot. It can push any item, including those which can't be smelted by a variant or even by a regular furnace. A hopper on the side face deposits into the fuel slot and it can only push items that are usable as fuel. A hopper below a furnace pulls only from the output slot, with the exception of pulling empty buckets from the fuel slot left over from using lava buckets as fuel. When a hopper removes items from a furnace, the experience points are 'stored' in the furnace until the player removes at least one smelted item.
 * A working hopper pointing into top face of a furnace deposits only into the ingredient slot. It can push any item, including those which can't be smelted by a variant or even by a regular furnace. A hopper on the side face deposits into the fuel slot and it can only push items that are usable as fuel. A hopper below a furnace pulls only from the output slot, with the exception of pulling empty buckets from the fuel slot left over from using lava buckets as fuel. When a hopper removes items from a furnace, the experience points are 'stored' in the furnace until the player removes at least one smelted item.
 * A working hopper pointing into top face of a furnace deposits only into the ingredient slot. It can push any item, including those which can't be smelted by a variant or even by a regular furnace. A hopper on the side face deposits into the fuel slot and it can only push items that are usable as fuel. A hopper below a furnace pulls only from the output slot, with the exception of pulling empty buckets from the fuel slot left over from using lava buckets as fuel. When a hopper removes items from a furnace, the experience points are 'stored' in the furnace until the player removes at least one smelted item.


 * Hopper
 * A sequence of three or more hoppers, each pushing items into the next, is called a hopper pipe. Working horizontal hopper pipes simply push items into each other at the expected rate of 2.5 items per second, but vertical hopper pipes are more complicated, as the hoppers are trying both to pull and to push. When a vertical pipe pulls from a single container, it simply transfers items at 2.5 items per second (because the transfer rate is limited by the first hopper pulling items from the container). If a stack of items is in a vertical pipe (either from collecting a dropped item stack or being manually placed inside) the items can be transferred twice as fast, because the hopper with the item stack is pushing items down while the hopper below it is also pulling items down.
 * A redstone comparator measuring the fullness of a hopper in a hopper pipe usually reads a continuous stream of items (instead of blinking on and off as each item passes), but because pulls and pushes both occur in the same game tick, certain hoppers in a vertical hopper pipe may never power comparators even with a continuous stream of items: Their items get pulled out a single game tick after they're pushed in, which isn't measurable by a comparator&mdash;Comparators need measurements of at least 1.5 redstone ticks to produce a reading.


 * Working hoppers fill chests-minecarts or hopper-minecarts if any part of the entity's hitbox is within the hopper's target block-space. Hoppers also pull items from minecarts above them&mdash;Rails can be placed directly on the top faces of a hoppers, but detector rail in such position disable hopper use, per standard redstone-hopper behavior.
 * Working hoppers fill chests-minecarts or hopper-minecarts if any part of the entity's hitbox is within the hopper's target block-space. Hoppers also pull items from minecarts above them&mdash;Rails can be placed directly on the top faces of a hoppers, but detector rail in such position disable hopper use, per standard redstone-hopper behavior.
 * Working hoppers fill chests-minecarts or hopper-minecarts if any part of the entity's hitbox is within the hopper's target block-space. Hoppers also pull items from minecarts above them&mdash;Rails can be placed directly on the top faces of a hoppers, but detector rail in such position disable hopper use, per standard redstone-hopper behavior.


 * Discs play instantly when inserted.
 * Discs play instantly when inserted.
 * Discs play instantly when inserted.


 * Hoppers cannot put shulker boxes into other shulker boxes. This allows for the creation of certain item filters.
 * Hoppers cannot put shulker boxes into other shulker boxes. This allows for the creation of certain item filters.


 * Hoppers cannot remove or place books on lecterns. The redstone pulse emitted from a lectern when a page is turned can temporarily lock hoppers however.
 * Hoppers cannot remove or place books on lecterns. The redstone pulse emitted from a lectern when a page is turned can temporarily lock hoppers however.


 * Hoppers cannot interact with ender chests in any way.
 * Hoppers cannot interact with ender chests in any way.

A disabled hopper does not pull items from above (including item entities) or push them out, but may receive items from other droppers and hoppers, and may have its items removed by another hopper beneath it. To stop item transfer in a horizontal hopper pipe, only one hopper needs to be disabled, but to stop item transfer in a vertical hopper pipe, it is necessary to disable two hoppers in a row (because if a single hopper is disabled, the hopper above it can still push items into it and the hopper below it can still pull items from it).

Block data
In Bedrock Edition, a hopper uses its block data to specify its orientation and activation status.

Block entity
A hopper has a block entity associated with it that holds additional data about the block.

Trivia

 * A real-life hopper is a large, pyramidal shaped container used in industrial processes to hold particulate matter that has been collected from expelled air.

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