Cobblestone

Cobblestone is a common block, used for crafting many tools and items. Its texture resembles an uneven, roughly paved surface. It is obtained by mining stone, and apart from tools, it is commonly used to create constructions with medieval appearance such as castles, towers and roads. Silverfish have the ability to enter and hide in cobblestone (along with stone and stone bricks). There is also a mossy variant of cobblestone, known as moss stone.

Natural occurrence
Cobblestone occurs naturally in dungeons, strongholds (although in scarce quantities), villages, Jungle Temples, or when water and flowing lava come into contact (which allows for infinite cobblestone generators to be made). However, if the lava flows on top of the water from above, stone will be created instead.

Mining
While it does occur naturally (and can be mined normally with a pickaxe), most cobblestone is obtained by mining stone with any kind of pickaxe (but not one with the silk touch enchantment). Cobblestone takes slightly longer to mine than normal stone, and there is an alternative version of the block known as moss stone.

Generating
Another way of acquiring cobblestone is using a cobblestone generator, based on the controlled meeting of water and lava. More details are available at the tutorial for Cobblestone farming.

Usage
Cobblestone is a basic building block, required for the crafting of many essential tools and items.

Cobblestone is required to craft furnaces, cobblestone slabs, stone stairs, stone tools and weapons, levers, pistons, dispensers, cobblestone walls, brewing stands and droppers. Because of its fair blast resistance, immunity to Enderman griefing, and the abundance of stone, cobblestone is a very commonly-used building material. Cobblestone can be smelted back into smooth stone in a furnace.

Stone tools are easy to craft and widely available early in the game. However, they possess the lowest enchantability of all tool sets, surpassed even by wooden tools. Even after iron is available, stone tools and swords are cheap to the point of being "disposable". Thus they are useful for many tasks where more expensive tools would be used up in short order. Some examples include experience farms, tilling farmland, mining, or wood farms.

Cobblestone, moss stone, and Netherrack can be used for navigation, even underground, because they always orient themselves in the same direction when placed.

Trivia

 * In the code, cobblestone is named "stonebrick", while stone bricks are named "stonebricksmooth".
 * Cobblestone is resistant to Ghast fireballs, making it useful for guarding portals.
 * The original texture came from one of Notch's abandoned projects called RubyDung.
 * The current cobblestone texture came from swapping the top and bottom halves of the third texture, then brightening it.
 * Cobblestone was the very first block added in Minecraft, but its data value is 4.
 * Cobblestone tools are named stone tools, not cobblestone tools. Also, you can't craft stone tools with normal stone.
 * If you invert cobblestone's color, it will look like End Stone.

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