Java Edition Far Lands/After Beta 1.8

The Far Lands (Java) were a terrain bug that occurred in versions of Minecraft up to Beta 1.7. They were caused by errors in the math that governs terrain generation, resulting in abnormal structures resembling excessively stretched-out terrain.

The X/Z Far Lands were fixed in Beta 1.8, so they do not exist without modifications to Minecraft. In addition, most of the distance effects were fixed. The Y Far Lands (aka the Sky Far Lands) were overlooked, but cannot be created in Vanilla 1.13 and above, due to the 'temporary' removal of customized world generation. The -Y Far Lands (also known as the Void Far Lands) are similar.

Technical
The Far Lands (Java Edition) were a terrain generation bug that occurred at ±12550824 along the X and Z-axes prior to Beta 1.8, as well as the Y-axis (technically) before Java 1.13.

The Far Lands generate because of an integer overflow error within Minecraft. The noise map that draws Minecraft's height map increases by 171.103 for every block, causing an integer overflow at approximately ±12550824 (sometimes ±12550821.) Multiplying the aforementioned numbers results in the 32-bit signed integer max value, which when overflowed, results in a negative noise seed.

Location
On the X and Z axes, the Far Lands and Farther Lands initiate as they did in Beta 1.7 and below (±12550824), with an identical chance of offset at positive positions. However, due to the new height limits, they are actually 256 blocks tall, instead of 128. There is a world border at the 32-bit integer limit (2,147,483,647), which crashes the game upon approaching.

On the Y-axis, the Far Lands initiate at around twice the former number, which is therefore ±25,101,648. Since blocks cannot exist above y=256 or below y=0 in the vanilla game, to observe the Far Lands in their natural place, mods such as the Cubic Chunks mod must be used to allow terrain to generate in such positions.

The Farther Lands also generate at ±2,008,131,840 on the Y-axis, however, they cannot be generated without lowering the selector noise period.

Structure
The edge Far Lands and corner Far Lands, as well as their Farther variations, generate relatively identically to their pre-Beta 1.8 counterparts, but utilizing the entire height limit, causing them to generate all the way up to y=256, or in the case of infinitely high worlds as seen in the case of mods, until they reach the sky Far Lands at y=+25,101,648 (and equivalently the void Far Lands at y=-25,101,648).

The Fartherer and Farthest Lands also still exist in vanilla worlds, but are impossible to access without using manipulated customized world presets that set noise periods ridiculously low (coordinate scale extremely high).

Sky Far Lands


The Far Lands generate at positive values of the Y-axis past y=25,101,648. Monoliths generate up to this point if the player can get them to generate.

Void Far Lands


The Far Lands generate at negative values of the Y-axis past y=-25,101,648.

These do not seem to be obtainable without using mods in the same way as the Sky Far Lands.

Since every air block outside of caves and other generated structures is replaced with water below y=63, the void Far Lands are filled with water.

Vertex Far Lands
When the Sky or Void Far Lands meet with the vanilla Corner Far Lands, many interesting terrain features can be sighted. The content of these intersections appears to vary throughout worlds, with some being completely blank, some completely solid, and some generating like regular Far Lands material. In some cases, exciting diagonal patterns with large absent chunks generate.

The Fartherer Lands
Like the Farther Lands, at about ±4,294,967,296 times further from the initiation first set, the third set of Far Lands (furtherer from Far Lands, henceforth named "Fartherer Lands", alternatively "Furtherer Lands") generates once X/Z coordinates reach ±53,905,378,846,979,747 blocks away. Fartherer Lands generates well past the chunk overwrite limit (X/Z: >±34,359,738,368) and the block rendering limit (X/Z: >±2,147,483,647), thus it is impossible to see Fartherer Lands in game without modifying the noise scale.

The Fartherer Lands, without occlusion from any previous sets of Far Lands, generates a terrain that are stretched out to the extent that they are thinner and flatter than the Farther Lands, similar to transitioning Far Lands in Bedrock Edition. Due to how Fartherer Lands generates their terrain, the lands are reduced into flat panels, cuboids and strips of blocks (which was generating into some extent in Farther Lands, but exacerbated in Farther Lands). Because of this, Fartherer Lands marks the end of "Swiss cheese" terrain (solid wall and infinite tunnels) of both Far Lands and the Farther Lands.

Corner Fartherer Lands are differentiated from the Corner Farther Lands that the space between layers is larger than usual, and the boundary between Edge and Corner Fartherer Lands are smooth in comparison to boundary between Edge and Corner Farther Lands.

The Farthest Lands
These generate 80 times farther away than the Fartherer Lands, when X/Z coordinates reach ±4,312,430,307,758,379,832 and are a result of selector noise overflowing at the 64 bit limit. Like the Fartherer Lands, it is not possible to see The Farthest Lands in game without modifying the noise scale.

Experimentation with 1.12.2 Customized worlds (by multiplying the default 684.412 noise scale with 2^32, and then with 80 to cause them to show up at the regular Far Lands distance of 12550824.023) shows minimal, but still noticeable differences between the Fartherer and Farthest Lands. From these observations, the most noticeable difference between the Fartherer Lands and the Farthest Lands is that Farther Lands generate highly repetitive terrain (especially in the Corner Farthest Lands, where the terrain repeats itself as you move further out), similar to Bedrock Edition Edge Far Lands past X/Z +6,275,412.

Another notable difference between the Fartherer Lands and the Farthest Lands is that Farthest Lands are considered to be unstable. For example, in a customized world preset, Farthest Lands begins to "disappear" from the topmost layer into bedrock layer (and disappears more slowly closer to the boundary of the Edge variations) as it moves away from the center of the world, eventually leading into a bedrock ocean, like the Nothingness of Bedrock Edition Far Lands. Also in the same preset, the Farthest Lands appears to be different between +X/+Z, +X/-Z, -X/+Z and -X/-Z coordinates, one of which failed to generate. As such, Farthest Lands stands out in comparison of previous sets of Far Lands, which generates more stable terrain.

Despite this, it is very likely that there are more, slightly different sets of Far Lands beyond the Farthest Lands.

Floating-point precision errors with entities and particles


Even in modern versions of Minecraft, the floating-point precision errors still exist, but only with translucent block rendering, natural snow generation and snowfall at extreme heights.

Darkness
In vanilla Minecraft 1.14, the lighting system ceases to work beyond 2^25 (X/Z ±33,554,432) (though this distance is available only via editing source codes), however, it isn't like what would happen beyond X/Z=32,000,000 in older versions. Instead, everything abruptly becomes absolutely dark and ignores light sources. By pressing F3, it shows that the sky light level is 0, thus undead mobs do not burn when exposed to the sky. The chunks, however, are still solid and block physics still function. Night Vision can help to counteract the visual darkness; it is currently unknown whether the Conduit Power effect works or not.

Trivia

 * In Release 1.6.2 for 64-bit machines, the limit of how high up the player can teleport is +4,999,999,999,999,999 blocks high. Prior to Beta 1.8, the player could teleport up to the limit for 64-bit machines.

The End
The End was implemented after the Far Lands were removed, meaning that the End Far Lands never generated naturally. However, if the Far Lands were re-added through modifications prior to 1.9, the End Far Lands would generate. Obsidian pillars would appear throughout the Far Lands. In more recent versions, end cities and chorus trees are generated.