Log

Wood is a naturally occurring block.

Obtaining
Wood can be broken by hand, but using an axe will speed up the process.

Natural generation
Wood blocks of all six types generate naturally as part of trees.

Oak wood blocks also generate as part of houses in plains or savanna villages, and as supporting beams of witch huts.

Further crafting
The following table presents the amount of wood needed to produce an even multiple of a given item with no waste left over, and the quantity produced:

As a fuel
Wood logs can be used as a fuel in furnaces, smelting 1.5 items per block. However, it is far more efficient to craft one of the wood blocks into wood planks: each of the 4 planks will burn as long as the log would have, for a total of 6 items.

Data values
The data value for wood blocks consists of two facing bits (high-order) and two wood type bits (low-order).

Block 17

Block 162

Note that when a wood block is placed, it changes its facing bits, placing in the direction relative to the block it is placed on.

Trivia

 * Dark Oak and Acacia logs share a new block ID separate from the old logs, called log2, because all the other data values on the previous log block were occupied by rotated variants. There are still 2 remaining data values on the block that use the missing texture and cannot be crafted into anything. The next two trees, if more are added, will likely use these values.
 * If by one gets a sideways log or bark block into their inventory, the bark on the sides will be rotated upright, the block cannot be crafted into planks, they will be named Oak Wood (for oak, birch, pine and jungle) or acacia wood (for acacia and dark oak) and when placed will work like the normal block. This includes the log2 block with data values 2 and 3.
 * When a world that has a jungle biome in it is opened in 1.1 instead of 1.2.1 or further, the jungle wood and leaves will be changed into oak wood and leaves. This is merely a graphical effect, as the logs will still retain their data values and forward compatibility.
 * If one does the same with Dark Oak or Acacia logs, the wood and leaves will simply disappear, and will not be restored, as they use a completely different ID.

Gallery
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