Sand

"Sand spawns naturally in four-block-deep layers in various parts of most biomes of the Overworld. You'll find it everywhere from forests, to plains, to tundra and swamps. In Mesa biomes, you'll find a variant of sand that's red and acts exactly like regular sand except that you can't use it to make concrete. Actually, that sounds like a bug. Maybe we should fix that."

- Duncan Geere

Sand is a block affected by gravity.

Red sand is a variation of sand that cannot be used to craft concrete powder, and on which turtles cannot hatch.

Natural generation
Sand generates naturally in many biomes of the Overworld near lakes or pond, notably deserts, beaches, and rivers, generally in four-block-deep layers supported by stone and sandstone. Sand also generate as ocean floor in lukewarm, warm ocean and their deep variants

Sand is also used to cover up buried treasure chests depending on where the chest generates in. (In this case, sand is used to cover up buried treasure chests that generate in beaches and ocean floors that are composed of sand, but in some cases stone or sandstone might be used instead).

Sand also generate as part of warm underwater ruins and some desert village houses.

Red sand generates naturally in badlands biomes and variants.

Both types of sand can spawn floating in the air. The floating cluster of sand falls when one of the sand blocks receives an update (when a block is placed near it or when a block near it is broken).

Obtaining
Sand can be broken without tools, but a shovel is the fastest method of obtaining it.

Trading
Wandering traders sell 4 red sand for one emerald.

Wandering traders also sell 8 sand for one emerald.

Usage
Sand, if there is no block below it, falls until it lands on the next available block. While sand is falling, it exhibits a smooth falling animation.

If falling sand lands and covers the head of a mob or the player, the mob or player buried in it continuously receives suffocation damage. If falling sand lands in the space occupied by a non-solid block (such as torches, slabs, rails, or redstone), it drops and turn into an item. If it falls onto a cobweb, it falls slowly until it has gone through completely; if it touches the ground while still inside the cobweb, it becomes an item.

Sand can be placed on a non-solid block without falling.

Smelting ingredient
This recipe awards 0.1 experience.

Construction
Sand can be used in the construction of airlocks and mob suffocation traps. Being affected by gravity, it can be quickly and easily removed from ground level.

Farms
Sand and red sand can be used for farming bamboo, cactus, and sugar cane.

ID
Java Edition:

Bedrock Edition:

Block data
In Bedrock Edition, sand uses the following data values:

Block states
In Bedrock Edition, sand uses the following block states:

Trivia

 * If a block of sand has snow on it and is made to fall, the snow is destroyed and does not drop snowballs.
 * Since falling sand is considered an entity, it can be launched in a TNT cannon, similar to an ignited piece of TNT.
 * Sand falls at the same rate when submerged in water, or lava, or air.
 * If a player is standing on a stack of sand or gravel, and the stack falls onto a non-solid block, the player can fall fast enough to take damage or even die.
 * Sand falls through torches without breaking, if there is air below the torch.
 * Sand and gravel take about 0.45 seconds to fall one meter.
 * The sand texture is rotated if a block of sand turns into a FallingSand entity, similar to ignited TNT blocks. This is not the case with gravel.
 * Since  is considered an entity, blocks of sand without supports may disappear for a split second and a   entity is summoned. This is also the case when it's landing, but the entity (not the block) disappears instead before a block is placed.