Moon

Information about the Moon
That big white block in the sky that glows. The moon is not visible when you render at a "small" or "tiny" distance The template does not change. It is unknown if you can make enough blocks to go high enough to the moon. Theories are that it's just there for decoration in the backround and can not be reached.

During Nighttime
Grass blocks or Saplings do not grow in moonlight unless there is a torch or a light source near it. Redstone torches work also provide light.

Mobs will spawn around dark areas of a normally generated map unless there is a light source placed around.

Mobs
When the moon is up skeleton, creeper, slime, zombie and spider mobs will appear to attack the player. When the sun comes back up Skeletons and Zombie mobs will explode because of the sunlight and burn. Spider mobs will still be there but are peaceful mobs during the day. Creepers DO NOT go away and it is unknown what happens to slimes because they are so rare.

Trivia

 * The night time lasts 9 minutes, 10 if you count sunrise.
 * You can't see the moon if you have the small or tiny render distances.
 * The moon is 8 x 8 blocks.