Potion

Potions are bottled substances. Most of them are brewable items, many of which give the consumer a time-limited effect when drank.

The water bottle is the base item that is used to create potions. It is obtained by using a glass bottle on water, catching one with a fishing rod, or through piglin bartering.

Witches
Witches can drop potions of Healing, Fire Resistance, Swiftness, and Water Breathing, but only when they die while drinking that potion.

Wandering traders
Wandering traders have a chance to drop potions of Invisibility, but only when they die while drinking the potion.

Fishing
Water bottles may be caught as junk when fishing.

Filling bottles
Using a glass bottle on a water source block or a cauldron that has water turns it into a water bottle. Using a glass bottle on a cauldron that contains a potion turns it into a bottle of that potion. Using a glass bottle on a cauldron also removes $1/3$ of that cauldron's contents, but using a glass bottle on a water source block does not affect the water. Filling bottles from a water source (but not a cauldron) can be automated by placing the bottle(s) in a dispenser.

Brewing
Almost all potions can be obtained by brewing, starting with the water bottle as the base.

The potion of Luck and the potion of Decay cannot be brewed. A potion of luck can be obtained via commands such as, while a potion of Decay can be obtained via. Both are also available through the creative inventory.

Chest loot
Two Instant Health II potions can be found in a brewing stand on ships in end cities, and one splash potion of Weakness can be found in a brewing stand in igloo basements.

$$, the cauldron in a swamp hut contains a random potion.

Bartering
Piglins may barter a potion or splash potion of Fire Resistance or a bottle of water when given a gold ingot.

Usage
Potions can be used by pressing and holding, similarly to eating food. Upon using, they apply the corresponding status effect to the player.

Drinking a potion while already under the effects of the same potion does not add onto the effects time, but simply resets it. A potion effect does not "downgrade" if a lower level is activated. For example, if a player has Regeneration II, drinking a regular potion of Regeneration does not have any effect.

Modifiers
Potions can be modified in five ways. The first is by adding glowstone dust to enhance the effect level. The second is by adding redstone to extend the duration of the effect. The third is by adding gunpowder to make a potion a splash potion. The fourth is by adding dragon's breath to turn a splash potion into a lingering potion. The fifth is by adding a fermented spider eye to corrupt the effect, if corruptible, turning it into a different one. The result of corruption is usually the inverse of the original effect (for example Swiftness to Slowness). Interestingly, corrupting poison turns it into a potion of harming, instead of regeneration as the inverse of its continuous damage effect. Corrupting a potion of night vision also turns it into a potion of invisibility instead of the currently non-existent potion of blindness.

Corrupting an extended or enhanced potion usually results in a corrupted potion with the same modifier applied, if it is supported by the corrupted effect. Of the four corrupted potions, Harming is the only one that cannot be extended, and also the only one that can be enhanced. $$, the corruption of Healing II and Poison II potions results in a Potion of Harming I.

Some potions cannot be enhanced. For example, the Potion of Invisibility cannot be enhanced. Also, potions can't be extended if they're enhanced, and vice versa.

Base potions
Base potions are potions that are created first to brew into other potions. Base potions have no effect when the player drinks them.

Effect potions
Note that the duration of an enhanced potion is generally half the duration of its base potion and that the duration of an extended potion is generally $8/3$ the duration of its base potion.

Undead Mobs
Potions of Healing and potions of Harming have the opposite effects on undead mobs, such as skeletons or zombies. Potions of Healing hurt them, and Harming heals them. In addition, undead mobs are not affected by Poison or Regeneration. Poison and Regeneration will not damage nor regenerate undead mobs.

In Bedrock Edition, hitting an undead mob with a Regeneration Potion will always register as Regeneration I, no matter the level of the used potion.

Uncraftable potion
$$, the Uncraftable Potion is a potion with no effect that is unobtainable in regular gameplay.

It is also available in splash potion and lingering potion forms, as well as for tipped arrows.

It can be obtained using the following command:. It is also obtained any time a potion has invalid or missing potion effect tags, and thus serves as a placeholder.

Filling cauldrons
Using a water bottle on a cauldron increases the cauldron's water level, for up to 3 water bottles, emptying the water bottle. Using a glass bottle on a cauldron containing water drains the cauldron, filling the bottle with water.

$$, the same can be done with potions, splash potions, and lingering potions, filling the cauldron with the potion. Using a glass bottle on a cauldron containing a potion drains the cauldron, retrieving the potion. Multiple potions, or water, and a potion, cannot be combined in a cauldron.

Custom effects
$$, potions can also be obtained with any status effect using and the tag , which is an array of effects for the potion. See Item format for more information, and status effect for a list of effects and IDs.

Mud
Water bottles can be on dirt, coarse dirt, or rooted dirt to turn it into mud.

ID




Metadata
$$, potions use the following item data values to indicate the kind of potion:

Java Edition

 * : The item's tag tag.

Normal potions use an NBT "Potion" tag to indicate the potion type. The values of the tag (to be prefixed with ) are:

Bedrock Edition

 * See Bedrock Edition level format/Item format.

Trivia

 * A potion can reach a maximum tier of 127, but using the command, effect levels can reach 255.
 * When a player drinks two potions by quickly switching to another potion immediately after drinking one, the second drinking animation is not shown.
 * A potion of Poison II lasts for 22.5 seconds, but it is displayed as 22 seconds because the item hover display shows rounded-down integer values.
 * The "Local Brewery" advancement uses the Uncraftable Potion texture for its icon.

Unused potions
Bedrock Edition has unused potion textures for several effects, along with their splash variants. These effects are: Absorption, Blindness, Haste, Health Boost, Hunger, Levitation, Mining Fatigue, Nausea, Resistance, and Saturation, as well as the Luck potion textures also present in Java Edition. These unused textures were changed along with the other potion textures during the texture update. Strangely, the potion of levitation texture is a duplicate of the splash potion of levitation texture.