Zombified Piglin

A Zombie Pigman is an irregular mob that spawns naturally in the Nether and appears in the Overworld near nether portals. One can also be created when lightning strikes within 3-4 blocks of a pig, which is a very rare occurrence. Like wild wolves, Zombie Pigmen are not initially hostile, but all Zombie Pigmen in the area will converge on the player if a single Zombie Pigman is attacked. This only applies to the player; mobs that provoke Zombie Pigmen will only be attacked by that specific Zombie Pigman.

Behavior
Zombie Pigmen roam the Nether in packs of 4 - 10 and make grunting and squealing noises, avoiding cliffs and Ghasts. Attacking one Zombie Pigman will cause the entire group to turn hostile and swarm the player. Pushing a Zombie Pigman off a cliff, as well as hitting them with a deflected Ghast fireball or otherwise causing environmental damage to them will not cause response. An aggravated group of Pigmen is a force to be reckoned with, as each member will deal of damage to the player per sword hit and a player cannot outrun Zombie Pigmen without sprinting or accessing a location which they cannot jump up to or strike the player with their Sword. This method does not prove efficient, as the Pigmen will crowd around and try to get at the player. If a player finds him/herself trapped, it is possible to kill them with a Bow and Arrows or a Sword from this location without being hurt. While in pursuit of the player, they act like pigs being led by wheat. They will not try to go around objects to get to the player, giving you time to escape before you get caught up to by a Zombie Pigman group.

If the player distances themselves from the hostile group, waits in a safe location, or enters a portal and returns, the Zombie Pigmen will eventually "forgive" the player and become neutral again. Switching the difficulty to Peaceful will cause them to de-spawn completely and resets their neutrality in other difficulties. Dying does not cause Zombie Pigmen to forgive the player.

Zombie pigmen spawn in the Overworld under two distinct conditions. The first, which has been in the game since Beta 1.5, is that lightning strike within 3-4 blocks of a pig. The pig mob is replaced by a zombie pigman; if the player is riding the pig when this happens, the pigman will spawn on top of them. The second condition, since Release 1.3.1, is that there be an active Nether Portal on the overworld; Zombie Pigmen are capable of spawning adjacent to the bottom row of obsidian in the portal frame.

Zombie Pigmen are effectively capable of drowning if under water for an extended period of time. When walking in the Overworld, Zombie Pigmen will spontaneously combust at random times during the day; Fire will engulf them for a split second, but then disappear without appearing to cause them any harm. The brief flicker of flames will also occur if it is struck by lightning a second time. This is due to their immunity to fire damage.

Note that the range for enraging Zombie Pigmen vastly exceeds the range at which they will see and pursue you. If an enraged mob wanders off into another group, they may still attack you when you encounter them later, and defending yourself will then enrage all Zombie Pigmen near the new fight!

Appearance
Zombie Pigmen have the general shape of a zombie but are covered with green, rotting flesh and have a texture similar to a pig, they wield a golden sword in one hand and wear a loincloth. In addition, some of their bones are visible.

Combat
To an unprepared or careless player, a charging group of Zombie Pigmen can mean a swift death. However, fighting Zombie Pigmen becomes feasible when you can manage which of them become hostile and which remain neutral. Zombie Pigmen attack on the basis of 'seeing is believing', meaning that they only become hostile when they see one of their own being attacked by the player. Once this happens, all Zombie Pigmen within a certain radius (16 blocks) become hostile, and will charge the player if they are within range. Zombie Pigmen will also notice attacks through walls. The hostility radius is centered around the Zombie Pigmen that is attacked, not the player, meaning that you can attack a far-away Zombie Pigman with a bow without nearby Zombie Pigmen becoming hostile (although this is not advisable).

By keeping these rules in mind, it is possible to safely pick off groups of Zombie Pigmen with a bow, or to kill isolated Zombie Pigmen, provided that the other members of the group are outside their aggressive range, which is rather short. This can be used to collect Gold Nuggets and Rotten Flesh, despite there being only a small chance of them dropping these items. The fact they drop gold nuggets is very useful for if gold is not readily available and/or hard to find in your overworld, for 9 gold nuggets can be crafted into Gold Ingots

A way to kill them without great difficulty is to create a "booth" - a structure with four walls each three blocks tall, two of them (that must meet at a corner) having gaps at the second block up. A player can mine one block out of the bottom of one of the partial walls and attack a Zombie Pigman, then quickly go back inside and close the way in, then use strike-and-run tactics, running up to the walls with the gaps in them, hitting a Zombie Pigman, then running to the closed corner before it can retaliate, continuing until they are all dead. A bow or stone/iron/diamond sword speeds this process up significantly, the first by allowing the player just to sit in the closed corner and shoot, and the second by reducing the number of hits required. If possible, the booth should be made out of Cobblestone as this will make it invulnerable to Ghasts.

An easier tactic is to build a column three blocks high. From here, you can either hit the Zombie Pigmen or shoot arrows. They will swarm you, as well as push you around, but you will not receive any damage as long as you remain on the column. A disadvantage is that Ghasts can shoot at you and set you on fire (made more dangerous in the Nether since water can't be placed there). It can possibly destroy your tower unless it is made of a type of stone.

Soul Sand slows down Zombie Pigmen considerably, allowing the player to escape or fight a crowd of them more easily. It can also be used to make a one way door by placing the Soul Sand in front of the side of the door you want to block. You can then shoot them safely with a bow.

Zombie Pigmen, Skeletons and Zombies can be damaged by Splash Potions of Healing, and will be healed by Splash Potions of Harming. In addition, a sword enchanted with Smite will do extra damage to Zombie Pigmen. However, due to their fire resistance, swords enchanted with Fire Aspect will only do normal damage.

Another great way to deal with a pack of charging Zombie Pigmen is to either have a sword enchanted with the knock-back ability, or to backpedal while attacking them, as they can outrun you if you don't sprint. This is not advisable since the Nether is full of sudden drops and lavafalls that can cause you harm.

History
The green liquid in the Zombie Pigman skin was originally blood red, but this was changed because players expressed a preference for the lack of conventional blood and gore in Minecraft. The skin file has "thx xaphobia" written on it as a credit by Notch to the skin's original creator, XaPhobia, also known as X__x.

Zombie Pigmen were originally presented as unarmed passive creatures in a preview before the Halloween Update.

Bugs

 * In multiplayer, if the server has monsters disabled and a pig is struck by lightning, it may result in a glitched Zombie Pigman object that behaves similar to the client-side TNT glitch; it can be passed through, does not move or obey physics, and cannot be hit.
 * If multiple lightning strikes happen at the same time near a pig, it will become multiple Zombie Pigmen. This glitch may be because of the use of the modded client this was tested on, and it may have been removed in 1.3.1.
 * As of 12w36a, if a lightning bolt hits a pig and turns it into a zombie pigman, it will spawn without a sword.

Trivia

 * Zombie Pigmen are mostly immune to lava and fire, but they can take damage from lava because it does not prevent fall damage like water does. Therefore, if they float in place long enough, they can accumulate enough fall damage that they simply die the moment they touch any surface, including land and the bottom of the lava lake or stream.
 * It is possible to use Zombie Pigmen as a shield to block Ghast fireballs, just as you could use neutral or passive mobs to block skeleton arrows in the Overworld. This method can also be used to easily obtain a Gold Nugget without ever turning Zombie Pigmen hostile to you.
 * A direct hit by a Ghast's fireball will cause a Zombie Pigman to run directly towards the Ghast and attempt to attack it, should it survive the explosion. This behavior has only been observed if the Ghast is touching the ground, usually occurring when the Ghast spawns under a low ceiling. This is likely because Zombie Pigmen cannot find a path to an airborne Ghast. However, only the Zombie Pigman which was hit by the fireball will attack the Ghast, nearby Zombie Pigmen will not change their behavior.
 * Since Ghast noises travel everywhere, it is a common misconception that Zombie Pigmen make the high-pitched whines that actually belong to Ghasts.
 * You can hear their sound effects of them being angry far away and even all the way down to the bedrock layer, like thunder.
 * Zombie Pigmen can climb up ladders and attack the player while doing so; however, they will not use this to their advantage, and only use a ladder if it is right in front of them.
 * Zombie Pigmen's armor has no durability (i.e. cannot be damaged). Two points of armor gives 8% damage reduction from most sources. It means, you need to deal  physical damage to kill a Zombie Pigman.
 * Zombie Pigmen will turn hostile towards the player even when hit by "non-harmful" projectiles such as eggs and snowballs.
 * The Zombie Pigman's head's texture is the zombie-like texture with the Pigman part laid on top.
 * About one in two Zombie Pigmen will drop a Gold Nugget.
 * Despite not wearing a helmet, Zombie Pigmen can drop one.
 * It is unknown how Zombie Pigmen get the gold for there swords.