Ender Chest

Ender Chests were added in Snapshot 12w21a. An Ender Chest works similar to a regular Chest, it has the same room as a normal one, but when items are stored inside it and another Ender Chest is placed somewhere else, it will have the items teleported into it from the 1st chest, even in the Nether and End dimensions. This can be very useful if you're traveling and you have no room in your inventory for other items.

The chests can be created by surrounding an Eye of Ender with Obsidian. , and emits a particle effect similar to that used by an Enderman and by a Nether Portal, as well as slight light level increase.

Ender Chests do not have a Double Chest variant and can be placed adjacent to one another.

Destroying an Ender Chest does not drop it's contents. You can destroy all Ender Chests, place another and it will still have the same inventory.

Origin
Like many other minecraft features, ender chests were originally part of a mod, in the mod however, you can dye different ender chests with color codes to make different groups of chests with shared inventory, rather than just one.