Tutorials/Item transportation

Item transportation is the automatic movement of items from one location to another. Item transportation is used frequently in combination with storage systems and item sorters.

Item forms
Items can exist in two forms in the game: as an inventory slot or as an entity floating around in the world. A dropper with a clock circuit is used to convert the former into the latter, while a hopper can convert the latter into the former.

Throughput and delay
Any pipeline has two measures for its "speed":
 * The throughput is how much items it can transfer per second.
 * The delay is how long an item takes to reach the other end.

To use an internet analogy, a fleet of pigeons carrying memory sticks would have a very high throughput, but the delay would be very high because they can only fly that fast. Similarly, a stack of items moving down a regular stream of water is fast in terms of throughput and slow in terms of delay.

Horizontal transportation
Often, items need to be transported from one point to another. The easiest ways to do this are hopper lines and water streams.

Hopper lines
By placing a line of hoppers all pointing into each other, items can be transported at a throughput of 2.5 ips. This method is among the simplest to create, but is also somewhat iron expensive at 5 ingots a hopper.

On large scale, hoppers have been known to create lag. To remedy this, some players place containers, such as droppers or furnaces, on top of each hopper. This is to prevent the hoppers from trying to pick up items floating above them.

Water streams
A less iron expensive method is the use of water streams. This uses the mechanic of dropped items moving in flowing water streams. Using water also gets around the ips throughput problem, as items can be moved around in a full merged stack entity and many entities can travel at the same time. The delay is longer, however.

Since water can only flow 7 blocks from the source, it is usually necessary to use multiple water sources. To handle the breaks, a packed ice block and sign can be used. When the items come out of one stream, they will slide across the ice to the next. The sign is necessary to prevent the second stream from flowing backwards. Placing the sign in place of the last water flow block instead of after it eliminates the need for packed ice. You can also use a upright half slab allowing the items to pass under the slab.

Water flowing on packed ice blocks and blue ice block makes the items go faster, reducing the delay.

Vertical transportation
When items are transported upwards, the mechanism is usually called an item elevator. These can be useful when it is necessary to move items from underground. Items can either be transported with containers, such as droppers, or in item form, such as through water.

Bubble elevator
Using soul sand and bubble columns, it is possible to transport items upward very quickly. To build one, just create an enclosed column of water sources and place soul sand at the bottom. It is possible to create this without soul sand, however it will be much slower.

Dropper elevator

 * See also: Ultimate Guide to Reliable Dropper Towers

Dropper elevators usually work by having a line of droppers pointing upwards. When the droppers are powered, items can travel upwards. The video demonstrates two of these designs. Note that the third design in the video is an outdated block elevator and may not work.

Block elevator
When items are glitched into blocks with a dropper, they will float upwards until they get out of the blocks. The video demonstrates a design that uses this technique. Note that the second design is for a fast, silent dropper elevator and not a block elevator.

Diagonal transportation
Using pistons it is possible to move items horizontally as well as vertically.

Video
de::technik:Drop-Aufzug 教程/物品电梯