Rock

The entries on this annotated, structured list of rocks all are items and blocks in Minecraft that: A few fictitious blocks are included in this list; namely, blackstone, deepslate, end stone, glowstone, netherrack, and redstone. Their actual nature is up to the player's imagination.
 * 1) bear a resemblance to real-world rocks,
 * 2) share a name with real-world rocks, or
 * 3) are fictitious but fulfill a similar role to rocks.

The first list here approaches the items as game elements, intended to be useful. The second iteration of this list provides real-world geologic analogies.

Regional rocks
These make up the majority of the ground where they're found.
 * – columnar basalt found making up the basalt delta biomes of the Nether
 * – the unbreakable layer of rock that limits mining below the deepslate layer; also sandwiches the Nether; unobtainable in survival
 * – the dark gray rock that makes up the deepest mineable layer of the Overworld, below Y=0; useful for crafting
 * – a hard, pale yellow material that makes up all the islands of the End
 * – a soft, red material that makes up most of the Nether
 * – a light-colored rock found below almost any sand deposit
 * – the gray rock that makes up the bulk of the Overworld above Y=−7
 * – a stone found in colorful, exposed layers in the mesa; craftable by cooking clay in a furnace

Blob rocks
These generate in discrete patches called s, a kind of world decorator.
 * – a light-colored rock found in solitary underground blobs
 * – a material only found in large blobs in the Nether's basalt deltas; useful for crafting
 * – a dark gray rock sometimes found in blobs close to the deepslate layer (where it comprises the majority of rock found)
 * – a light-colored rock, similar in color to andesite but coarser-looking; found in solitary underground blobs
 * – a pinkish rock found in solitary underground blobs
 * – a brownish rock commonly found in solitary underground blobs within the deepslate layer

Ores
Rocks from ore blobs yield the resources in their names: coal, copper, diamond, emerald, gold, iron, lapis lazuli, and redstone dust. and are rocks in their own right.
 * – a source of coal, a rock used for torches and furnace fuel; found in greatest abundance near the surface
 * – a source of copper, used to make lightning rods and spyglasses; sometimes found in enormous s
 * – a rare ore found deep underground; a source of diamonds to make durable weapons, tools, and armor
 * – the rarest of all ores, yielding emeralds used for currency when trading with villagers and wandering traders; only found in mountains
 * – a source of gold, used to craft tools, weapons, armor, golden carrots, and golden apples; also valuable to piglins
 * – a much-desired source of iron, which has many uses; sometimes found in enormous s
 * – the lapis lazuli from this ore is a rich blue rock useful in enchanting and as a dye; found close to and within the deepslate layer
 * – a source of redstone dust, a material that can carry signals and activate moving parts; found in the deepest depths of the underground

Decorator rocks
These rocks can generate in other world decorators.
 * – columnar basalt found in the s, s and s of the Nether
 * – forms s and the of the End
 * – black rock that can be found in s of the Nether
 * – mossy variety forms the s of old growth taigas
 * – found in s; useful for generating water or lava
 * – forms s in the End
 * – exclusively found in s in the Nether
 * – makes up the body of copper s
 * – a superhard rock that makes up the s and of the End
 * – forms s
 * – encases s, where it's associated with calcite and amethyst
 * – makes up the body of iron s

Structure rocks
These rocks can be found in generated structures.
 * – columnar basalt found in the s of the Nether
 * – black rock that can found in s of the Nether
 * – generates in a variety of structures, including s and s
 * – generates in s and s
 * – a superhard rock that can be found in s
 * – generates in s and in desert s

Other rocks

 * – a block of cobbles that drops from mining stone; found naturally where flowing water meets flowing lava; useful for crafting
 * – a rock that drops from gravel; useful in crafting
 * – a hard black blast-proof rock found where lava is flash-cooled by water; useful for enchanting and traveling to the Nether