Tutorials/Mechanisms

Mechanisms are simple systems of blocks used to perform complex tasks, such as opening a door from afar or revealing a hidden staircase. These complex systems are built from simple components, and involve some kind of user input, like breaking a torch, and some kind of result, like a door being revealed. Mechanisms can range from simple switches that open and close doors from a safe distance, to complex devices such as combination locks that prevent intruders from entering your fort.

This page is a work in progress, so feel free to add your own components and mechanisms as you build and the game develops. Pictures are encouraged, but not required.

Components
These are the basic, modular parts which can be combined to form any complex mechanism. Please note that individual items in the game are not considered components.

Physical Components

 * Sand Switch
 * Sand placed above a torch will not fall until the torch is broken. This can be used to control water flow above the user or cause torches connected to the falling sand to break.


 * Pit
 * Pit into which sand or water may fall.


 * Reservoir
 * Natural or user-made lake which stores water to be used in a mechanism.


 * Water Channel
 * A channel in which water can flow. Often used to break torches, causing things to fall

Electrical Components
See Crafting and Redstone circuits for these components.

Mechanisms
Useful devices made from the combination of components.

Standard Mechanisms
To make a simple automatic door, place a pressure plate on the floor on the inside of the door, remembering that doors swing inward. Now, whenever you approach the door from the outside, you can open the door and it will automatically close behind you when you pass through it. When approaching the door from the inside, it will open the door in front of you and will automatically close it behind you. This is great for making one-way doors that mobs can enter but not exit, or exit but not enter, depending on the set up. This will only work on right-handed doors; left handed doors have a glitch where they will invert the input and stay perpetually open with this method.
 * Airlock
 * Automatic Doors

Hidden Mechanisms

 * Traps
 * Hidden Door
 * Simple hidden opening revealed by breaking a torch.
 * Make a sand switch which opens a reservoir allowing water to flow down a short channel to a pit. The pit allows the water to drop below floor level and break torches supporting a sand wall above a pit. When the sand wall falls, an opening is revealed.


 * Hidden Floor Staircase
 * Hidden staircase in the floor revealed by breaking a torch.
 * Make an inverted sand or gravel staircase in the floor of a room(one block wide), supported by torches. Make a water channel or water channels adjacent to the torches so that when they are filled, the torches break and the stairs will fall. (IMPORTANT: make sure that that the sand or gravel will cover the water hole after it falls to avoid flooding) Make a sand switch which opens a reservoir allowing water to flow down a short channel to a pit. The pit allows the water to drop beneath the floor and run to the torches holding the staircase.


 * Hidden Ceiling Staircase
 * Hidden staircase in the ceiling of a room
 * Make a gravel or sand straircase in the ceiling of a room supported by torches connected to blocks of sand supported by more torches. Make a channel run next to the lower torches and back to a reservoir. Make a sand switch that can open the reservoir. When the torch in the sand switch is broken, water should flow down the channel breaking the first set of torches causing the sand to fall. The sand would both close off the channel to negate flooding and break the torches attached to it, causing the staircase to fall.
 * Example of one 'step' and the reservoir system

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%+%%%%%%%%%% %%            %%+%%%%%%%%%%+ ~ %%  %%+%%%%%%%%O + ~ %% %%^+%%%%%%%%%+%%%%%% %% ^O%%%%%%%%+%%%%%% %% %%%%%%%%%%+%%%%%% % %+%%%%%%                  % %+%%%%%%                  % ^%%%%%%                   % % %%%%%%                  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


 * % = Stone
 * + = Sand
 * ~ = Water
 * ^ = Torch
 * O = Channel running 'into the page'


 * Assuming the two channels in this picture are connected, when the torch near the floor level is broken water from the resivour will flow to the other torchs and drop the 'step' down to the floor. other sequential steps can be added to make a staircase.

Electronic Mechanisms

 * Item Activated Door
 * A door that only opens when an item is dropped into a pit of water.
 * Make three-deep a pit near a metal door. Build a level channel away from the base of the pit. Place a wood pressure plate in the channel no more than 8 blocks from the base of the pit. Wire the plate to the door (not through the channel). You will have to run the wire back up to the surface, or very nearly so, but it can be concealed under well-placed walls. Cover the channel and place a block of water at the top of the pit, allowing water to flow down the channel. Any item thrown in the pit should flow down to the plate and cause the wire to activate, thus opening the door.


 * Flashing Indicator Light
 * A blinking red torch activated when a pressure plate is stepped on. Can be used to tell if mobs are sneaking through your caves.
 * Make a pressure plate wired to the input of a red torch. Wire the output of the first torch to the input of a new red torch. Run the output of the new torch to its own input, creating a blinking loop. Wire the output of the new torch to the input of any other torch to carry the blinking effect.
 * Example:

O-+^+^ | |                      |____|


 * O = Pressure Plate
 * + = Block
 * ^ = Redstone Torch (stuck to side of block)
 * All others = Wires


 * The loop on the right will flicker on and off when the plate is stepped on.

Combination Lock

 * A door that opens when a certain sequence of buttons has been pressed.
 * (Note: A moderate understanding of logic gates is needed for this device.)


 * RSNOR Combo Lock
 * Connect a series of buttons to the S-input of RS Latches. Feed the Q or ~Q (choose which one for each latch to set the combination) outputs of the RS Latches into a series of AND gates, and connect the final output to an iron door. Finally, connect a single button to all the R-inputs of the RS Latches. The combination is configured by using either Q or ~Q for each button (Q means that the button would need to be pressed, ~Q don't press)
 * Example:


 * With the automated reset it causes the correct combo to cause a pulse instead of a "always on" until reset.


 * AND Combo Lock
 * The AND based combo lock uses switches and NOT gate inverters instead of the RSNOR latches in the previous design. This makes for a simpler design but becomes less dynamic in complicated systems and it also lacks an automated reset. The AND design is configured by adding inverters to the switches.
 * Example:



Launcher Pads
Similar in design to a cannon (see below), but made to launch a player or a mob, a launcher pad is fairly simple. There are multiple ways to design or create one, but one of the easiest ways can be viewed in this video, where the creator uses several different designs: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cov503NTN-U Using this design you can effectively guide which way the mob or player is launched, but it won't have much power. A more complex design in order to load more TNT would be required. One of the ways you can use this is to create a pad and have a house in the sky above it, with a hole in the bottom, so you must launch yourself up into the house using the pad. An example is demonstrated here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6REElvPaI4E

Cannons
A cannon is a mechanism that can be used to launch TNT that explodes, making it a powerful weapon against mobs, terrain or any other object in the game that can be damaged by explosions.

Basic Components
A cannon is made using two sets of TNT:

> 1. The Charge

> 2. The Shot The Charge is used to propel the Shot, which can be projected when it has been struck and is timing down the fuse. Both the Charge and the Shot can be made up of any number of blocks of TNT, creating the following effects:

> 1. The Charge - Larger amounts of TNT will propel a Shot further.

> 2. The Shot - Larger amounts of TNT will cause more damage on impact.

This is all that is required for a canon, but most people build other additions onto the cannon to make them function more efficiently.

Further Components
Cannon designs commonly include the following:

> 1. Fuse wires and switches - The fuse wires allow the cannon to be fired at the press of two buttons (one activating the Charge and the other activating the Shot), making the firing process much more efficient and allowing for a larger Charge to be used.

> 2. A trough full of water - This contains the blast and prevents damage to the surrounding environment. It also has the added benefit of pushing the Charge towards the end of the barrel, allowing you to use the most of the charge possible.

> 3. Shot mounting block - Some cannons have a block or half block at the end of the water trough so the Shot can travel slightly upwards when its launched, allowing it to travel farther.

Building materials
Most people choose to make cannons out of stone or cobblestone due to its availability, but you can make it out of any solid (preferably gravity resistant) block, such as Dirt, Wood or even Diamond. The best choices for material are most likely Cobblestone or Dirt, due to their availability. You can use TNT resistant Obsidian to make a 'dry cannon' which doesn't require water to remain intact between shots, but it is extremely difficult to correct problems if you place a block wrong in the construction phase.

Video tutorials
A Basic Cannon (including a water trough and fuse switches): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bKV2I-2RaWc

Cannon sizes
Cannons can range from one or two block constructions to truly massive super structures (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Gda0JL0E6I), boasting larger Charges, Shots and some special features, including multi timed projectiles(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEq8YikeyAQ), multiple shots or even a semi-automatic fire function. A cannon can be designed to any size with varying functionality. Smaller cannons normally are less effective than larger cannons as they will have less Charge and Shot blocks, which results in far less power.

Trivia

 * Cannons can also be used as a transport system, as it can launch humans, however this is not recommended. Even if you survive the actual launch, you might not survive the fall.


 * These devices can be made to launch mobs for pure enjoyment.


 * Cannons are inefficient against water and Obsidian based defences.

Liquid redirection technology
Redstone circuits can be used to redirect the flow of Lava or Water in the following manner:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4pBM6vCmhg

These systems can be useful in many complicated mechanisms, or simply for aesthetic value.

Related pages

 * Redstone Torch
 * Redstone circuits
 * Traps

Mechanismen