Desert

The desert is a common and expansive warm biome mainly consisting of sand.

Description
Desert biomes are quite barren, with the only vegetation being cacti and dead bushes. Among the mobs that can spawn in the desert, only rabbits spawn in the wild, while villagers, cats, cows, sheep, and pigs appear in desert villages. The surface is made entirely of sand, with sandstone generating underneath the sand to prevent it from falling into caves below. lava ponds may still generate; water may still generate if the altitude dips low enough, allowing for sugar cane. Deserts make up for their barrenness by featuring a relatively large number of structures, such as pillager outposts, villages, desert pyramids, fossils, and desert wells. Villages and desert temples may offer refuge and valuable loot, desert wells may serve as a rare source of water, and fossils can provide large numbers of bone blocks and bone meal, or simply a neat archaeological find, while pillager outposts are the only source of wood on the desert surface.

Deserts are more likely to generate in areas with high erosion values, which means that the terrain in which they generate is generally flat but with occasional hills, similar to the ones found in windswept hills biomes. Deserts can also generate in lower erosions but usally as a separation between a badlands biome and the oceans. Deserts can also generate at any humidity value, and at high humidities, lush caves can sometimes generate underneath deserts.

Despite the structures, survival in deserts can still be difficult if one does not bring sufficient resources, as the desert has virtually no resources of its own. Wood logs can be obtained only from pillager outposts or mineshafts, though dead bushes provide a source of sticks. The only desert water sources are villages, desert wells, rivers and aquifers. At night, most zombies that spawn in deserts and variants are replaced by husks, variants of zombies that inflict the hunger effect and do not burn in the sun, resulting in more hostile mobs present during daytime.

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Removed variants
The following biomes have been removed in Java Edition 1.18, and become unused since Bedrock Edition 1.18

Desert hills
Desert hills variants feature hillier terrain, just like all other hills biomes in the game. Desert hills can reach slightly higher elevations than other hills, and are comprised mostly of sand and sandstone like the rest of the desert. No structures other than fossils, desert pyramids, and desert wells may generate within the hills, making this variant overall more difficult. Players should be careful digging up sand in the hills, as it may generate unsupported and cause all other unsupported sand blocks near it to fall if dug up. Desert hills do not generate if their base desert is a thin border around a badlands biome.

Desert hills use the same mob spawning chances as deserts.

Desert lakes
The rare Desert lakes variant features slightly rougher and hillier terrain than the base desert biome, though not as much as the desert hills. This makes Desert Lakes more likely to have oases of water across its landscape, making this variant a potentially valuable source of water. No structures other than fossils and desert wells may generate here.

Desert lakes use the same mob spawning chances as deserts.

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