Enderman

The Enderman is a 3 block-high, black mob with long arms and legs, glowing purple eyes and a purple particle effect similar to a Portal. Endermen will not attack you unless you attack them. They are rare in comparison to other mobs (with the exception of the spawner-only Cave Spider), but can still be seen regularly at night on the Overworld in groups of up to five. Their two iconic abilities are the ability to pick up and move blocks, and to teleport. Endermen take damage from coming in contact with water (including water blocks and rain). Their exact size is 0.6x0.6x2.9. As of Minecraft full version 1.0 Endermen will teleport when coming in contact with elements that damage it such as water, lava, and rain.

Endermen are not hostile until the player looks at them. "Looking at an Enderman" is defined as aiming the crosshairs on the Enderman's face.

Endermen frequently spawn in the the End, which is currently believed to be their homeworld, but they still require a light level of at most seven.

History

 * The Enderman was introduced in the Beta 1.8, part one of the Adventure Update.
 * At first when Notch designed the Enderman he thought it was not 'creepy' enough, coming with the idea that having a situation which the player would want to avoid could make the Enderman significantly more scary. This gave Notch the idea to implement the staring feature where aiming the crosshairs on the Enderman's face would cause a suspense in which breaking eyecontact would trigger an attack, as well as the Enderman having the ability to teleport so that when the player has stared at the Enderman they will have to face a consequence for that action.
 * At the PAX Beta 1.8 demo, Endermen dropped diamonds; in the actual release they have a chance to drop an Ender Pearl.
 * In version 1.8, Endermen sounded like zombies as a place holder for their current sounds.
 * In the 1.8 Pre-release as well as the 1.8 Pre-release 2, Endermen originally had green eyes and emitted black smoke. In the full release of beta 1.8, the eyes were changed to purple and black smoke has been replaced with purple particles similar to the particles emitted from Nether portals.
 * Before Beta 1.8 pre-release 1, Endermen were originally planned to have dog-like ears.
 * As of Minecraft version beta 1.9 pre release 4, Notch has created End Dimension, their homeworld, where they spawn frequently.
 * Notch stated "Endermen suck because they're annoying, and because I nerfed them and made them too easy. I shall fix this." In 1.9pre3, Endermen have 20 hearts of health, requiring 4 hits from a diamond sword to kill. They instantly teleport away upon contact with arrows, water, sunlight and splash potions of harming, but not potions of poison.
 * At 1.0 Release Candidate, Endermen shriek when you kill them.

Preventing Attacks
As Endermen are 3 blocks tall, you can keep your house's interior 2 blocks tall to prevent Endermen from teleporting into it, if you happen to look at one. However, if your house/construction is at the same or lower height as a nearby hill, the Enderman can still teleport in. If you aren't in your house and you look at one, though, you have to keep your crosshairs on it until you're close enough to kill it. Also, if the player sits in a pool of water, the Enderman will take damage from the water and then teleport away in response to the damage, and then run back to the player in an attempt to attack. They will usually repeat this mishap until getting killed, this might be used as a way to make Endermen traps by making a room with 2 block roof height and a water tank on top, allowing the Endermen to glitch through the too low ceiling and into the water. If the player wears a pumpkin on their head, an Enderman will not turn hostile when looked at, though this does limit the player's line of sight, making her/him more susceptable to damage from other mobs. They cannot teleport to you when they are in minecarts. They will not teleport to you if you are on a sufficiently high tower. Lastly, if the player simply does not aim the crosshair on an Enderman, it won't attack.

Killing Endermen
Despite their somewhat unsettling appearance, Endermen are damaged by fire, lava, and attacks. Emptying a bucket of water on the ground will damage the Enderman without it becoming hostile to you, though it will teleport away. All types of swords are effective against one, though wood, stone, and gold swords may not deal enough damage to kill the Enderman before it kills you. Cacti will also damage Endermen, so a wall of cacti also serves as a passive defence against Endermen.

Pre Beta 1.9 Pre-release Endermen were very easily killed with the use of a bow, however as of all the Pre-releases and the full release; arrows will hit them and they will instantly teleport without taking damage, causing your arrow to vanish from existence.

As of the Beta 1.9 Pre-release 4, if you use water to kill an Enderman in The End, it will simply just disappear. It is unconfirmed if this is a bug or intentional.

Hostile Endermen will teleport away when the player closes in on them to strike. When this happens in a small underground space, the Enderman may teleport into inaccessible caves or to the surface. They will not teleport back to the player unless he/she moves to an area that has enough space for the Enderman to teleport back. On the surface, an Enderman's tendency to teleport away when the player is close enough to attack can be used to keep an attacking Enderman at bay. The player can also change to 3rd person view by pressing F5 to make sure he or she can't be attacked from behind because of the Enderman tendency of teleporting behind them. Most of the time Endermen will pick up a block once it engages pursuit against a player, sometimes creating a rather amusing sight in SMP of an Enderman seemingly whacking a player with a block.

When killed, regardless of the method of death, any blocks held by the Enderman disappear. They do not drop or get placed.

As of the Beta 1.9 Pre-release 2, Endermen teleport to avoid being hit by arrows and splash potions and teleport to a new location when hit with one. They are no longer damaged by sunlight in this version, and when they touch water they immediately teleport away.

A less exciting but effective way of killing an Enderman is by staring below their torso, preferably attacking the 'feet' of its legs constantly with a sword or an axe. However, due to their tendency to teleport when the player closes in on them, you should either stand still while attacking their legs or move backwards keeping your distance (should multiple Endermen be in pursuit of you). This can also be done by simply punching them (providing this strategy is done correctly) without taking a single point of damage, but could be considered tedious to some.

If you hit an Enderman with any kind of sword while having a pumpkin as helmet, the Enderman will not teleport away from you, so you can hit it without it teleporting away.

Moving blocks
Endermen will pick up and move certain blocks, regardless of whether they were natural or placed by the player. They will pick up blocks horizontally and vertically nearby, within a short reaching distance similar to the player's, at heights from just below their feet to just above their head (5 layers). They will not drop the blocks when killed - the blocks disappear.

Since Beta 1.9 Pre-release 2, Endermen can only pick up the following blocks:

Boats, Minecarts, primed TNT, and mobs or entities, cannot be picked up by Endermen.

In Beta 1.8 Pre-releases, Endermen were able to pick up any block, including Bedrock.

Damage to structures and environment
Because Endermen possess the ability to move blocks, they can cause damage to the natural environment and player-built structures. For players with access to significant resources, Endermen may not represent a real threat in combat, and become nuisances when building. Before Beta 1.9 prerelease 2, Endermen were able to move player-placed blocks and the resulting holes could let in other mobs in addition to being simply unsightly. Fortunately, this problem was fixed by severely limiting the endermen's block-moving ability to a handful of block types.

On the overworld, signs of Endermen activity will soon start to become apparent in frequently loaded chunks. In desert areas, Endermen pollinate cacti by removing blocks and placing them on fresh sand, gradually increasing the population of cactus in frequently loaded deserts.

A common Enderman defense is to place lava or water moats around well-lit structures. However, this is not impenetrable, since they can still teleport inside when provoked by the player or even randomly by touching some water.

Notably the Endermen can reach through blocks to grab blocks behind so put anything important two blocks in, or make walls multiple blocks deep.

A common misconception is that vines prevent Endermen from taking blocks, however Endermen will not pick up vines and will reach through them instead (like stairs).

Endermen do not spawn in lit areas, but they may wander or teleport into lit areas from adjacent dark ones, so simply lighting structures liberally with torches is not a guaranteed defense.

Trivia

 * If a Skeleton shoots an Enderman when attempting to shoot the player the Enderman will completely stop chasing the player even after it has killed the offending Skeleton.
 * A similar nature can be encountered when an Enderman is hit by an Enderdragon; They will ignore the player and chase after the offending Enderdragon, should they survive the attack.
 * The name "Enderman" is a reference to the Internet meme known as "the Slender Man", a similar-looking fictional cryptid. The name was given to the mob by Notch in a Minecraft Reddit thread.
 * Endermen have the ability to open their mouths. In their texture, their jaw is separated from their skull and in the 1.8 Official Trailer, an Enderman attacked the camera with its mouth open. This makes the Enderman the first mob with the ability to physically open their mouths without simply switching to a different texture. They only open their mouths when they attack. Due to the player's perspective, the player sees the back of the Enderman's head when they open their mouths. If a player is one block higher, they see through the Enderman's open mouth. They open their mouths by moving their skulls higher than their jaw.
 * When first introduced, Endermen had the same set of sound effects as Zombies. This was confirmed to be a placeholder, and that they would receive their own unique set of sounds. In the pre-release of version 1.9, Endermen are completely silent. On November 13th, 2011, in an invisible update, Endermen did in fact receive their own audio scheme, most notably a long moan overlaid with static for while the player stares at them.
 * Endermen's eyes glow in the dark, like Spiders', and Endermen's full body glows in the fog, also similar to a Spider's body.
 * Contrary to popular belief, there are no other Enderman eye colors besides purple. The mob/enderman_eyes.png file in minecraft.jar only has one color, and what looks like white eyes in mob/enderman.png is actually the spot where the eye texture gets overlaid, to make the eyes glow like spiders'.
 * When an Enderman picks up a block, it makes the sound of that block type being destroyed.
 * Endermen are quite common above ground, as stated above, spawning in groups of sometimes about 5, while below ground they are a bit rarer and cannot spawn in low roofed areas, such as confined caves. It is not recommended to run underground to get away from them as they may still spawn and will chase you if provoked.
 * Endermen do spawn in the rain.
 * The reason Endermen are damaged by the rain and by water is because Burnie Burns, founder of Rooster Teeth Productions, and his nine-year-old son Jack were visiting Mojang as part of a project. Jack saw Notch running from some Endermen in the rain and suggested that they take damage from water as a vulnerability.
 * Like every other creature in the game with the exception of Spiders, Endermen can't see the player through transparent blocks such as Glass.
 * In the 1.9 Pre-release 2 Endermen will teleport away whenever they are damaged by anything other than a direct player hit, including sunlight, cacti, other mobs, arrows, and water.
 * Endermen can harvest cacti and collapse the entire cactus. However, they are known to replenish the numbers of cacti in the desert by planting their cactus blocks, and since they generally don't take the bottom block, the harvested cactus generally regrows during the day.
 * Endermen can teleport very far, even when moving several hundred kilometres from them, they will continue to follow until killed.
 * If an Enderman carrying a block is killed, that block is not dropped on death.
 * Only up to 30 Endermen will follow you.
 * An effective way to gain easy experience is to go the End, make a 1x1 tower 4 high, stand on top of it, look at Endermen and have them teleport to you while you slaughter them. They cannot reach you because the tower is too tall.
 * As of 1.9 pre-release 4, Endermen won't burn in daylight, but instead they will teleport away when the player walks up to them in the daytime, making it extremely hard to get close enough to kill them.
 * Even in an aggressive state, they can still pick up blocks, which at times makes it seem as though they are tearing through walls to reach the player.
 * In 1.9 pre-release, if you were to pour water on a hostile Enderman, the Enderman will teleport away and become neutral again.
 * When an Enderman picks up a flower or a normal mushroom, those blocks will appear to be floating between their grasp.
 * In 1.9 pre-release 4, if you look at an Enderman the inventory bar will be highlighted.
 * Since they burned in sunlight before 1.9, like Skeletons and Zombies, but, were not able to cool those flames down by jumping in the water, since that also hurts them, the only way you could have found an Enderman during the day is if he was in a secured dark area.
 * The German Word for 'Change' ändern sounds like 'Ender'. So they sound like Changeman.
 * Looking at an Enderman at point blank range will not cause it to become hostile.

1.0.0 release
When damage has inflicted on an Enderman by the player the Enderman will teleport to get near the player if he/she is running away. However in recent cases in The End when a part of land is lit up to light levels 10-15 1. the Enderman has a small chance of spawning there 2. when a player is running away from the Enderman in a lit area it can not teleport into a lit up area but will teleport to a dark area nearest the player and run to him/her.

NOTE: This has only been tested in The End, not the Overworld. The Enderman may/may not teleport into lit areas in the Overworld.

EDIT: Endermen can teleport into lit areas. Example: Underground tree farms, sugarcane farms.

Bugs

 * In SMP, Endermen don't open their mouths or shake when aggressive.
 * When using a custom texture pack, Endermen will be bright white overlapping their texture. This is caused by the blank spaces of their enderman_eyes.png file. If you create a custom texture pack you must make sure that you only change the 6 pixels actually used by their eyes. An alternative would be to use the original png from the minecraft.jar in your pack. Using the most recent release of MCPatcher also fixes this bug. This can also be avoided by making the enderman_eyes.png translucent, even only slight translucency will fix this.
 * If an Enderman is holding a block and the world is exited and then re-entered, the data value of the block is not preserved, and will reset to 0x0. For example, in the case of the wool, it will become white wool, and brown mushroom blocks will display the pores texture on each side. This is due to a mixup in the saving/loading of Endermen entities, it is saved as carryingData and tries to load carriedData.
 * If a hostile Enderman is forced to teleport because they have wandered into a water block they will no longer be hostile to the player, it is yet unknown if this is a bug or not.
 * If a hostile Enderman is attacked by another mob and kills the attacker, it resets to being neutral towards the player.
 * In the Minecraft Beta 1.9 Pre-Release 2, Endermen commonly teleport away from the player, even if they were just attacking him/her, and become neutral.
 * If an Enderman picks up a flaming block (i.e. Wood, Netherrack, etc.) and then places it again, the block will be extinguished, but the Enderman will be on fire.
 * During the day in 1.9 pre-release 5, if you look at an Enderman, it will open its mouth and become hostile but if you try to shoot a projectile at it, it will teleport and become neutral. Also if you look at it without shooting it, it will open its mouth, shake, and become hostile then when you look away, it will become neutral again. Only happens during the day.
 * If you look at it, it will only stay hostile if it can run toward you; if it has to teleport to get to you, it will become neutral. Only happens during the day.
 * On rare occasions, if the player and an Enderman are on opposite sides of a large body of water and the Enderman turns hostile, it will stare back at the player like normal but will never attempt to get closer, even if the player is not staring back. It will continue staring at the player for a while until it suddenly disappears. (Not by teleporting, but by being completely erased. It will not drop any loot.)
 * Endermen will rapidly teleport in a maniacal manner to avoid being hit by rain. If there is no areas for them to hide, they will teleport here and there until they finally die. At night, they can be seen flashing red and appearing all over the place.
 * In Minecraft 1.0 Enderman sometimes teleport to surface then imediately teleport away, probably because they got hit by lava or water somewhere in underground.
 * If you quit a game while being attacked by a hostile Enderman, and re-join the game, the Enderman will return to being neutral.