Tutorials/Turtle farming

A turtle farm, turtle shell farm, or scute farm is a means of breeding turtles to harvest scutes, which are used to craft a turtle helmet. In addition to having the same defense value as an iron helmet, it has greater durability than an iron helmet, and grants the water breathing status effect for 10 seconds. Also, a turtle helmet can be enchanted with respiration for an addition 15 seconds underwater. This tutorial describes a turtle farm that can reasonably be built in survival mode.

Location
Find a beach in a warm ocean biome, or a beach next to a warm land biome such as desert or savanna, where turtles have already laid eggs. You need turtle eggs to start the farm working and producing. You must build the farm around eggs already laid by turtles or use the silk touch enchantment to pick up eggs and then place them in your farm.

You may be lucky enough find two turtles copulating on a beach or splashing up sand in preparation for laying eggs, or find eggs already laid. If you see turtles, look around the nearby beaches to see if they've laid eggs. If you don't find eggs, use sea grass to lure two of them onto a beach, feed them sea grass to get them to breed, and then follow them to where they want to lay their eggs.

If you don't build around eggs, but instead lure turtles with sea grass into your farm and then breed them there, they won't lay their eggs in your farm. Instead, they will swim back to their home beach to lay the eggs. You need eggs in your farm before your farm will work.

Once you locate turtle eggs, immediately build a fence around the eggs to protect them from being trampled by undead mobs while you build the farm.

Design considerations and preparation
There are many variations of turtle farms. At the most basic level, one needs
 * An area of sand for the turtles to spawn
 * A volume of water in which the baby turtles can grow
 * A means of protection against undead mobs from finding and destroying the turtle eggs. It is important for the farm to be well-lit to prevent mobs from spawning inside it, and to use fencing or other barriers to make the farm inaccessible to hostile mobs that may approach from land or from the water.

Optionally, it's also good to have several hoppers and a chest. If you're attempting a survival mode build, you may first want to build a survival-mode iron golem farm to collect enough iron to craft as many hoppers as you need, as well as iron tools, weapons, and armor.

During construction, it may be a good idea to have a bed and shelter nearby to get some occasional sleep, to prevent phantoms from spawning while you work.

Preparing the beach
When fencing off the beach area, be sure to leave at least one block of clearance from the fence, so that hostile mobs cannot climb into the farm. Also, remember that turtles need to spawn on sand, so be sure to replace non-sand blocks on the beach with sand blocks.

It's a good idea to include one or more fence gates, so you can get in and out of the farm easily. Without a gate, you shouldn't be able to climb inside (if you can, then mobs will find a way in too).

Clearing the beach area typically yields enough blocks of sand to build the necessary structure in the ocean, from which the farm can be hollowed out. If you have a bucket, then don't be concerned about preserving the water in the farm, because you can always re-fill the necessary water blocks with buckets of water scooped from the ocean.

You don't need to make the beach flat, especially if the turtle eggs have already been laid on an elevated surface. Just be sure that the shoreline blocks are level with the water, and avoid steps that are two blocks high, so that the turtles may get up onto the beach easily.

Building the farm
The basic turtle farm shown as a side-view cross-section in the diagram on the right can be built easily in survival mode. This slice can be repeated any number of times to create a farm of any width, preferably at least 5 blocks wide (8 blocks wide is a practical size), with a chest at the end of the line of hoppers along the bottom. The farm in this diagram is designed to be built in survival mode, and allow turtles to go in and out freely. It has these features, from left to right:
 * A barrier (the block floating in the air) to prevent mobs from entering the farm from the sea while allowing turtles to pass underneath
 * A solid seawall to keep the ocean out
 * Two slabs:
 * the top slab allows large turtles to bridge the gap between the barrier and the water block, allowing them to reach the beach when entering, or reach the seawall when leaving
 * the bottom slab lets scutes fall through to the hoppers below while preventing baby turtles from getting stuck in the hopper area
 * Hoppers to collect the scutes dropped by baby turtles as they grow
 * Water source blocks arranged to create a waterfall toward the lower slab
 * A sand beach to allow the turtles to spawn

In addition to these features, other features not shown in the diagram should also be included:
 * A chest to collect the scutes at the end of the line of hoppers; extra hoppers may be used to position the chest outside the farm
 * Fencing or barriers all around the farm
 * Lighting to prevent mobs from spawning in the farm

Managing the farm
The eggs will hatch after a few day-night cycles. After the turtles hatch for the first time, you're basically done. Each baby turtle will grow up (dropping a scute) and leave. You can accelerate their growth by feeding them sea grass. The turtles will eventually return on their own to this home beach where they were born (your farm) to lay more eggs.

A turtle farm works while you're away from the keyboard (AFK). It will take a while to hatch enough baby turtles to create a population of turtles laying eggs in your farm, but you can speed things up by actively managing your farm, using sea grass to lure back the turtles who left, feeding sea grass to pairs of turtles, and feeding baby turtles.