Splash Potion

Splash Potions are a variant of potions which can be thrown. The player can turn any potion into a splash potion by brewing one with gunpowder. The flask has a different shape than the original, resembling more of a retort. Splash potions allow players to inflict effects on multiple entities at once, which can be used for or against other players and mobs, although some mobs are immune to certain effects.

Area of effect
The further away from the center of the explosion, using taxicab geometry with a range of 5 blocks. This is tested with a 60 second splash potion of weakness and the tables below list the effect in both seconds and percent. There is variance within each block, so this is a gradient scale. Damage potions are assumed to follow a similar decrease in potency.

Seconds

Percentage (00 = 100%)

Mob effects
Some splash potions can have varying effects on certain mobs.

Effects on inflicted damage
There are three splash potions which affect the inflicted damage of a few mobs: Weakness, Strength, and Strength II. Their effect also differs by difficulty. This table only applies when the mob is carrying their default weapon, or no weapon if the mob doesn't have one.

Cave spiders will not poison players in normal or hard difficulty when they have been hit by a weakness splash potion, since they can not deal any damage.

In general the Weakness splash potion lowers the attack damage by: The Strength splash potion increases the attack damage by: The Strength II splash potion increases the attack damage by:
 * in easy difficulty
 * in normal difficulty
 * in hard difficulty
 * or in easy difficulty
 * in normal difficulty
 * or in hard difficulty
 * in easy difficulty
 * in normal difficulty
 * in hard difficulty

Splash potions
Here is a full list of the names, effects, and damage values of splash potions that are currently obtainable through brewing. Note, that the base duration of splash potion is always ¾ the duration of corresponding drinkable potion.

Base splash potions
Base splash potions have no effect when you throw them.

These splash potions are not available in the current version of Minecraft and will be released in 1.8.

Potion jump
By simultaneously throwing a splash potion of Harming and jumping, the player will be able to jump 2 blocks high instead of the usual 1. Try to face backwards to the area you wish to land on when doing this. It is recommended that you use a potion of Regeneration prior to potion jumping to prevent death. Video Example

This happens because when a mob or player receives damage, they get a knockback. This knockback creates some vertical momentum, which is used to boost a jump.

Trivia

 * The effects of Splash potions travel roughly five blocks from the place it lands, the duration shortening the further away an entity is from the center. For potions that have no time parameter (i.e. Potion of Healing, Harming) the effect is weakened instead.
 * Jeb has commented that while water splash bottles should logically harm Endermen and Blazes, its coding would be more difficult to implement than is worth while.
 * Splash potions last slightly shorter than potions (roughly 85% of the original duration).
 * If Endermen are targeted directly by a splash potion, they will teleport away before the potion can take effect. However, if they are caught in the splash radius of a potion not aimed at them, they will be affected.
 * If killed by a splash potion of Harming, the death message would be: [player] was killed by magic
 * Splash potions of Harming are technically one of the strongest weapons in the game, since they have the highest damage-per-second output. However, this is hindered due to the short throw range, which the caster could likely damage themselves in the process.