Silverfish

Silverfish are small, bug-like hostile mobs.

Drops
Silverfish have no drops other than 5 experience when killed by a player or tamed wolf.

Monster egg blocks
Silverfish spawn from broken monster eggs, which generate in strongholds, igloos with basements and extreme hills biomes. Silverfish will not spawn if the block is broken with Silk Touch.

Monster spawners
When spawning from monster spawners, they can only spawn in light level 11 or lower, except on top of stone and its variants, where they can spawn at any light level. They also cannot spawn within a 5 block distance of any player.

Behavior
Silverfish are the second smallest mobs in Minecraft, after the endermite; their height is less than that of a slab. Because of this, they take suffocation damage from standing on soul sand.

Silverfish have the ability to "call" other silverfish in the area upon being hit. These silverfish have the ability to see through walls, and will pathfind until they reach the player.

When idle, silverfish will enter a nearby stone block, transforming it into a monster egg.

When they suffer poison damage or damage inflicted by the player, and survive, they may cause other silverfish within a 21×11×21 area to break out of their monster eggs. You can therefore prevent other silverfish from appearing by killing them in one shot.

Silverfish, being arthropods, are weak against weapons with the Bane of Arthropods enchantment.

Data values
Silverfish have entity data associated with them that contain various properties of the mob. Their entity ID is.

Trivia

 * In real life, silverfish are small, relatively harmless, wingless arthropods that are often found in dark areas in buildings and the wooden pilings of seaside piers and trees. They are infamous for damaging paper-based products. During cold temperatures they are known to enter a sort of "hibernation" by expelling most of the water in their body. During this state they greatly resemble small stones or gravel, likely inspiring their Minecraft counterparts.
 * Although they can enter cracked, mossy and chiseled stone bricks, which are data values of the original stone brick block, they cannot enter granite, diorite, andesite, or their polished variants even though these are also data values of a block they can enter.
 * If the gamerule  is disabled, silverfish will not enter stone and its variants.