Tutorials/Time-saving tips

Minecraft contains a mixture of interesting things to do and routine operations such as resource collection which can get very dull and repetitive. But tastes differ, and different players view different parts of the game as the dull parts. This page collates a wide variety of time-saving tips for all aspects of the game.

Automation

 * By far the biggest in-game time-saver is to automate operations. Redstone circuits, mob grinders, cobblestone generators, automatic item farms, XP farms, automatic piston-based building machines and so on may require significant setup time, but this is soon repaid in the time savings they can provide. These automatic systems tend to have their own tutorials and so they are not specifically listed here at present.

Beds

 * Whenever you are active above ground (especially when away from your base mapping or otherwise covering long distances), it's worth carrying a bed with you. When it starts getting dark, place the bed and sleep. Skipping the night-time provides a significant speed-up, and is safer. Mobs spawned at night are likely to cause all sorts of interruptions (including killing you!), and you might overlook something important in the dark. Warning: If you take the bed with you, getting killed during the day will return you to the world's spawn point!

Block off Exhausted Mine Sections

 * It's very easy to get temporarily lost underground, and to waste time wandering into areas of your mine that you have already cleared. By blocking off completed mine sections you avoid accidentally wandering into them again. Ideally, use a transparent barrier like glass or a fence(leaves are particularly cheap). This allows you to see into the area, and spot any mobs that may appear (indicating either inadequate lighting or possibly a section you have overlooked). In particular, avoid using materials found underground, as you may not be able to tell if the blocked area was blocked off by you, or if the apparent barrier is just naturally spawned.

Block off Water Channels

 * Whenever you have water and redstone circuits close together, and you are at risk of removing the wrong block and starting a flood, protect the redstone by placing ladders, slabs or other items at key points. This should interrupt the water flow and prevent it washing over your circuits. Another alternative is to place one-block deep sinkholes to limit the water's spread. Either method saves time recreating your circuitry in the event of a flood.

Bonemeal
Tip: Growing giant mushrooms aboveground can be tricky, because mushrooms cannot be planted (and will uproot after a short time) if the sunlight level is too high. In recent weekly releases (12w32a onwards, approx.), a workaround is to use a few dirt blocks to make a dark hole shielded from direct sunlight, place an ordinary mushroom inside the hole, then quickly remove the dirt and apply bonemeal before the mushroom has time to uproot.
 * Once you have obtained all the desired dye colours, and tamed all the wolves you want, bones and bonemeal have just one remaining use: rapidly growing plants. By all means keep back a few spare bones in case you need them, but you should try to use the remainder. Sown on bare grass, bonemeal produces long grass from which you can collect a few seeds to start a wheat farm. A few bones' worth of bonemeal (three doses) can quickly convert a single block of planted wheat seed into enough wheat for a loaf of bread&mdash;useful for emergency food. Several more doses of bonemeal convert a brown and a red mushroom into two giant mushrooms, and by harvesting these you can easily gain a dozen meals' worth of mushroom stew. Bonemeal grows trees, pumpkins, melons, carrots and potato plants to full size with a few bonemeals. Don't waste time waiting for plants to grow; dose them with bonemeal, and you can then start harvesting much more quickly.

Breadcrumb Trails

 * Whether above ground or below, mark your routes in some way. Use torches on fenceposts, blocks of coloured wool, flowers, or anything else you please. Get used to placing torches only on the left cavern wall or the right. This way you will know for sure which direction you came from. A good idea would be to put Redstone Dust on the floor, so you can retrace and collect it easily. Particularly, put signposts at key junctions! The time saving given just by not going astray as you move about your world can be quite significant.
 * If you get lost below ground, don't spend too much time trying to find your way back to familiar territory. You know where the surface is; it's up. Just dig a stairway to the surface, where it will be much easier to get your bearings. Do follow mining safety practice as always; don't dig vertically, and watch out for incursions of water, sand, gravel or lava on the way. Be aware of the time as well, and avoid breaching the surface at night if possible.

Cacti/Sugar Cane

 * A quick way to clear or collect cactus or sugar cane is to destroy the bottom cactus/sugar cane block, at which point the entire plant will collapse into retrievable items. Digging out the block below it works the same way.
 * When farming, leaving the bottom-most cactus or sugarcane block behind will save you the time needed to re-plant it. However, this is a little risky for cactus, as the remaining block may destroy the dropped items.
 * For sugar cane only, temporarily blocking off the plants' water supply and then harvesting one plant can cause an entire row to collapse. Note that the exact behavior may depend on how the plants are arranged.
 * For cactus, placing a block (dirt or sand will do fine) next to the plant will make it drop. If they are arranged in a checkerboard pattern, you can harvest two or three plants at once this way. The block can also be placed higher, to harvest just the segments from the block's level upward.
 * By lining sugar cane 'up' in a straight line and running while aiming slightly up at the second sugar cane block, you may harvest sugar cane quickly and efficiently. Aiming up ensures you do not destroy the base so that it may regrow.

Clear Plants and Snow with Water

 * A bucket of water is very useful for rapidly clearing snow, grain, mushrooms and some other (mainly plantable) items. Rather than clicking one by one on every block, pour a bucket of water over the area, and the water can clear over a hundred blocks in one operation, and can be collected and reused. Beware, though, water also washes away redstone circuits!

Clearing up Lava

 * Once you have collected (or blocked off) a lava source block, it can take a very long time for the flowing lava to disappear. Using cheap blocks&mdash;dirt, flammable leaves or netherrack&mdash;to mop up the remainder saves waiting for it to disappear naturally. Even one block replacing the highest level of the flow will make the rest vanish much more quickly.
 * Flooding the flow with water will convert the flowing lava to cobblestone, which can easily be mined away. This is not an option in the Nether, unfortunately, as water disappears instantly when placed.
 * However, if you are willing to use a hack or mod, using a Block of Water will not make it disappear.

Crafting

 * Particularly when away from your base collecting materials, don't clutter your inventory with unneeded items. You should normally carry wooden logs and possibly some coal and or iron, and then craft items such as extra tools, fences&mdash;even the crafting bench itself&mdash;only when you need them. This maximises the space you have available for the items you are collecting. The main exception is torches, which are constantly used; these should be made half a stack at a time whenever you have less than a dozen of them. Similarly, ladders may be needed in a hurry, so you might want to keep some handy. It may also be worth keeping a chest in inventory, in case you clear out your inventory in a hurry.
 * Another crafting speedup is to always try to make round numbers of constantly-used items. For example, when making fences, one wood block makes four planks, which makes eight sticks, which makes two fences with two sticks left over. It's usually better to make fences eight at a time (four recipes), which uses up exactly three logs without waste and without cluttering your inventory. Or as an alternative, you could routinely make any spare planks or sticks into torches or any other frequently-used item. Similarly, make 24 ladders at a time, with seven logs. Even signs can be mass-produced with 13 logs (one goes to sticks, the rest to planks), but since signs only stack to 16, this will produce 1½ stacks. Fence gates cost exactly one log apiece, and their crafting recipe lets you do any number up to a stack quickly (by moving half-stacks six times).
 * Pressing and holding shift while collecting outcome instantly puts all crafted items into your inventory. This is useful when crafting many items, but be careful when crafting unstackable or 16-stackable items! The new inventory behaviors in 1.5 also let you quickly divide a stack among multiple slots. Pick up a stack of items, then click and drag across several inventory or crafting slots to divide the stack evenly between those slots or right-click and drag to place a single item per slot. This is especially handy for 3- and 6-pile recipes such as slabs & stairs, paper & books, fences, and so on.

Dyes

 * Avoid killing sheep. Gather some in a pen, and breed up a decent flock. If you're really using a lot of colored wool, you can dye sheep in the colors you use a lot... but keep the others white, for easy stacking and sale of your surplus wool. Instead of keeping a complete rainbow flock and stocks of 16 kinds of wool, just stock the dyes. Then if you sometimes need a little wool in other colors, you can dye batches manually—all the dyes are fairly easy to get hands on in decent quantity.

Enchantments

 * Enchanted items provide a variety of benefits over standard ones. While it's not wise to use a high-level enchantment on anything but a diamond item, the effort needed to gain level 1–5 or so is trivial, and so you might consider putting low-level enchantments even on your expendable tools.

Ender Pearls

 * Once you have collected sufficiently large numbers, ender pearls are very useful for moving long distances quickly. It's best to combine them with enchanted armor&mdash;particularly boots of feather falling&mdash;or the accumulated fall damage will soon add up to unacceptable levels.

Flint and Steel

 * Although this may seem cruel, by using a flint and steel to set passive mobs on fire, you can kill and cook them in one operation without needing to spend extra time putting the meat in a furnace, collecting fuel and so on. This is a significant time-saver. One flint and steel is good for tens of mobs, possibly hundreds if they are crowded closely together. This also works with Fire Aspect swords; a diamond sword is enough to cook over 20 stacks of meat.
 * Fire is also a quick way of removing unwanted flammable items. Thus, if you are making an expendable temporary structure, consider building it out of wood or leaves to make it quicker to remove later. This works best in hard mode, as fire will spread faster and be more destructive than in other modes.

Furnaces

 * Furnaces are very cheap to make, and it is much quicker to process large quantities of material in parallel, so don't build just one furnace, build lots, and use them all at once.
 * When smelting items&mdash;assuming you use coal or charcoal as a fuel&mdash;always try to add items to the furnace in multiples of eight. This avoids wasting fuel. If you really need to smelt less than eight of an item, use a furnace fueled with wooden planks, sticks or saplings. Two saplings will smelt one item; two planks will smelt three.
 * You should always keep plenty of fuel in your furnaces so that you don't have to refill them every time you need to smelt something.

Lava Buckets

 * A bucket of lava is excellent for killing large numbers of mobs in one go, which can be a significant time-saver when dealing with a new mob-spawner. Once most of the mobs have been killed, finishing off the last few manually and neutralizing the spawner is much quicker and safer than trying to wade through large numbers of hostiles.
 * You can also use a bucket of lava as a fuel for your furnace. This is good if you have huge loads of things that need to be cooked.

Lava Plus Water Makes Stone

 * Lava and water can combine to make infinite smooth stone or cobblestone, or smaller amounts of obsidian. Aside from simple generators, this fact can be exploited in several ways:
 * Fill an area with still water, then pour lava over it. This allows you to quickly pave a large area with smooth stone without having to collect great volumes of cobblestone, smelt it back to smooth stone (requiring fuel and furnace time) and then place it. A variation of this is the lily pad trick for making a quick island in the sea.
 * When pouring lava, if you only permit it to spread one block before collecting it again, it will disappear much more quickly than if you allow it to spread further.
 * Mining obsidian, even with an enchanted pickaxe, is slow and tedious. If you want to build something out of obsidian, it is far more efficient to collect buckets of lava, make a mould of some cheap material, fill with lava, and convert to obsidian en-masse by pouring water on top. You can also use the "infiniobsidian" glitch to convert redstone to obsidian.

Maps

 * Maps are useful, and can be auto-generated in-game. The catch is that you have to move about your world with the map in hand in order to draw it, and that can be dangerous because it's hard to see where you're going. The solution is to press the F1 key, temporarily removing the head-up display, so that you can see clearly and move at full speed without risk. Another way to get the same result is to press F5 to switch to the third-person view. Pressing F1 again (or F5 twice) will put things back to normal.
 * If your map borders the sea, or if you have a river within reach, another quick (and safe) mapping method is to build a boat and ride in it round the coastline(s) of the area you want to map. The map will extend a reasonable distance inland, and you can 'fill in' any remaining holes in the coverage on foot. You can also move reasonably safely through swamps and the wider rivers. In older versions of the games, colliding with a lily pad could destroy your boat, but this was changed in weekly release 12w22a.
 * Unexplored jungle terrain is very hard to traverse quickly. Here, the best practice is to start by tracing the perimeter of the jungle from the surrounding non-jungle biomes. Even swamps and dense woods are quicker to move through than jungle. Only venture into the jungle if it's a big one and you are determined to map every last part of it.

Placing Precise Numbers of Blocks Quickly

 * If you need to build something of known dimensions, or place exactly some number of an item, adjust the size of the stack in your active slot before you start. This way, you can use the stack itself as a counter that automatically runs out at the desired measurement. For example, if you wanted to mark out a 40&times;50 rectangular area, fill an active slot with exactly 40 blocks. You can then place them without worrying about counting; once the stack runs out, you know you've placed exactly 40 blocks. In the other direction, fill the active slot with 49 blocks and place them. (Don't forget to subtract one, because the column of 40 you've just placed also acts as your first row.) For lengths larger than 64 meters in one direction, either use stacks of 64 and then one final stack with the remainder, or size your stacks with round numbers of blocks. Use whichever method you find simplest.

Pistons

 * Made a mistake when building something? Do you now have to destroy and re-place a large number of blocks? This may be a case where pistons can help. First, put gaps in key places so that no single run of blocks is more than twelve meters long. Then put temporary 'filler' blocks in any remaining gaps. Then place one or more pistons, and use it or them to nudge each section of blocks back into position. This tip is most useful when the initial block placement is complex, such as when drawing pixel art using wool, or for buildings with advanced decorative embellishments, or when using materials which cannot be removed without the silk touch enchantment, such as ice, glass or smooth stone. With care, you can even use this trick to move small buildings.

Potions

 * Once you are able to brew them, potions are an enormous time-saver in many different ways. Potions of healing and regeneration save you having to wait so long to heal; potions of swiftness allow you to move long distances rapidly. A splash damage potion allows you to instantly kill large numbers of mobs in a mob trap, making collecting experience much quicker and easier. Depending on the mob, or the design of the mob trap, you may need to use splash potions of poison first, to weaken the mobs, and possibly splash potions of healing if you need to kill undead mobs.

Pressure Plates

 * Pressure plates are handy for automatically closing doors and gates behind you without you having to stop, turn round and close them manually. You should generally place them on only the 'safe' side of a door or gate, particularly when mining. They also then serve to orient you towards the exit or towards unexplored areas, which makes getting into and out of the mine significantly quicker. As a bonus, if you hear a pressure plate trigger, you are warned there's a mob somewhere nearby in a supposedly safe area.

Sand and Gravel

 * Where it's safe, and possible to do so, place a torch or other item under columns of sand or gravel and mine them from below. As these blocks fall, they will break into collectable items as they hit the torch, allowing you to collect several blocks for every single block mined or dug. This saves wear and tear on your tools too.
 * Note:
 * When used on gravel, this method will not yield any flint. That's helpful when you don't want your gravel stack to slowly disappear as you use it, but it makes this quick-mining method useless for collecting flint.
 * When you need a temporary column, place two non-sand/gravel blocks, then a column of sand or gravel to the desired height. If you want to remove the column later, remove the bottom block, replace with a torch, then remove the second. The column will then collapse neatly into collectable items without you needing to mine the rest of it.

Shaft Mining

 * Mining in caves is more interesting, but also more dangerous. The safest (and, unfortunately, dullest) way to mine is to dig steps down to about level 10–12 above bedrock, and then dig widely-spaced corridors two blocks high and one block wide. This is a form of shaft mining; it might reasonably be termed '1&times;2 corridor mining'. Whenever you encounter any caves on the way, block them off and ignore them. Each corridor should be about ten meters horizontally from any other. Yes, you will sometimes miss small deposits of ores by this method. But the Minecraft world is effectively unlimited, and the object of efficient mining is to hit as many different seams of ore as possible once and once only. Digging twice to the same ore body isn't good, it's bad, because it wastes effort re-finding a resource you had already discovered. An entirely artificial mining environment like this is safe because it's entirely under your control; there is no risk of mobs spawning in a hidden hole you hadn't discovered, and you can place lights at controllable intervals. Dangerous slimes cannot spawn, and because the mine layout is artificial it's very simple, making it harder to get lost. The main danger is lava intrusions, and lava now makes bubbling noises when it is nearby so you should be forewarned. Once you are fully-equipped with diamond armor and weapons, you can then add some variety to your game by exploring the natural caverns.

Shear through the Undergrowth
Warning: This trick makes it much easier for mobs to find a path to you as well, and provides extra spawn points for them to appear. Keep moving, and if you do pause for a moment, stop in a safe place, and block off the path behind you so that nothing can sneak up while you've stopped. A pet cat and a pet wolf are both helpful companions here.
 * Just as in real life someone moving through jungle terrain might carry a machete, in Minecraft you should make copious use of shears to clear a path. This is probably 3–5 times faster than trying to go round all the obstacles you will otherwise face. Note that you will use up shear durability very quickly, so carry a good supply of iron ingots to make replacements. The same tip helps to a smaller degree in woodland too.

Signs

 * Signs are valuable as in-game reminders of what you were doing in a given location, or for marking areas with warnings of hazards, the non-obvious path to the exit that you habitually overlook, and so on. Use them frequently. They also stop water and lava flow, to help when mining or making mechanisms.

Silk Touch

 * The Silk Touch enchantment is surprisingly useful when mining. If you mine, for example, a redstone or lapis lazuli block with a Fortune-enchanted pick, you will end up with several pieces of redstone or lapis lazuli for every block you mine. If you mine with Silk Touch, you mine the entire block, and thus it takes up much less inventory space. This allows you to do a lot more mining before you need to return to base and unload. Back at base, you can then use your best 'Fortune' pick to maximize yield from the blocks collected. This decreases the risk of losing the enchanted tool, as well as increasing the time you can spend mining.
 * Fortunately, with the new update, you will be able to make Redstone blocks, decreasing the number of items you need to carry. So sadly, your xp points may be more wisely invested elsewhere.

Snow Harvesting

 * To harvest large volumes of snow quickly, build a snow golem in a confined space so that it cannot move. Then fill your inventory with stone or even wooden shovels. Spam-click at the base of the golem as fast as you can, generating enormous numbers of snowballs. Keep switching to new shovels as they break. Collect the snowballs at intervals, and if you need inventory space, craft them into snow blocks, sixteen at a time. By this method, in one Minecraft day you can use eight stone spades to make roughly four stacks of snow blocks or a full double chest of snowballs.

Just remember that snow golems take damage in Deserts, Jungles, and the Nether, and do not leave snow trails in Plains, Swamps, Deserts, Beaches, Jungles, Mushroom Biomes, and the Nether.

Split Mines into Sections

 * When mining a new area, place barriers at intervals. Fences and Cobblestone walls are ideal. This helps stop mobs sneaking up behind you unexpectedly, and allows you to mark sections of your mine as 'safe'. If you encounter a mob in a 'safe' area, it will probably have been stopped short by your fence, preventing it from attacking you, and you now have an indication that an area is insufficiently lit, or that there is an opening you have not discovered. This trick can save a great deal of time in narrowing down where an unexpected mob has come from.

Sprint Everywhere

 * Once your food supplies are secure, or if you are playing in peaceful mode, you can speed things up a little by sprinting everywhere. Double-tapping the forward button will cause you to sprint. In harder game modes you should avoid doing this until you have plenty of food available, because it uses a lot more energy than walking does and only gives a slight speed-up. However, if you can sprint while holding the jump button, you can go a lot faster. But be careful, or you will waste hunger by hitting an object above you.

Sugarcane

 * When clearing water out from an area, a common trick is to make a drydock by dropping sand or gravel into the water, thereby displacing it, then digging all of the sand or gravel out again, leaving a dry area surrounded by a curtain wall. In sloped areas, sugarcane can do the same job as sand or gravel, but because sugarcane can only be placed on blocks which have water adjacent, the older sugarcane blocks will automatically uproot as soon as they no longer have water next to them. This saves having to dig them out as a separate stage. In deeper water, the occasional column of sugarcane can act as an airlock, making it quick and easy to move outside the dry area and float to the top level of the drydock.
 * Notes:
 * Because sugarcane can only be placed on dirt, sand or grass, you will sometimes need to place some of these blocks first.
 * It's unlikely that you will be able to completely clear a volume of water using only sugarcane. There will usually be a few spots where sugarcane cannot be placed, and in these places the water will need to be displaced in the usual way or collected using a bucket.
 * This method only works on sloped areas. You can't fill a completely flat area with sugarcane because it needs a water block one meter below its own level before it can be placed.

Tame Wolves

 * If you use tamed wolves for hunting, and choose not to use the flint and steel trick to pre-cook passive mobs, then one punch to a passive mob will focus your wolves on it, and they will quickly kill it without further effort by you. You can then collect its meat and experience orbs.
 * If you are building and your wolves are in your way, lead them away from the building and right-click on them to make them sit. They will stay seated in that spot until you right-click on them again.

TNT

 * TNT is useful for rapid clearing of areas, especially when resource collection is not a concern. One block of TNT can easily remove 50-100 blocks of dirt or gravel, and multiple blocks can clear entire stone caverns much more quickly than could be done by hand.
 * One block of TNT sets off other blocks of TNT when it explodes. Because of this you do not have to set off each TNT, saving time. This doesn't work if the TNT is too far away from other TNTs.

Tools

 * Always use the best tools you can afford. Iron tools work faster than stone ones, and diamond tools work faster than iron ones. Note that if it's early in the game and you only have half a dozen iron ingots, you cannot really 'afford' to use iron spades; you should reserve your first few iron ingots for a sword, a pick and armor. But by the time you have your first diamonds you should have stacks of iron, and then it's perfectly OK to use iron tools for all your everyday uses. A similar consideration applies once you have diamonds in excess.
 * If you can afford to enchant your shovel/ pick (diamond or iron preferably) with high levels and get effiency, it is no longer nessisary to make axes. Despite common belief, it has been proven that using the wrong tool to mine a block doesn't do extra durability damage (A shovel on planks, a pick on dirt). Swords, however, are different and using a sword to mine dirt, for example, will do extra damage. Shovels are cheaper than axes, will mine wood quickly with effiency and will last just as long. Note that since snapshot 12w50a this doesn't work anymore.
 * Unless you have high-durability diamond items, always carry spare tools or the materials to make them. At the very minimum always carry wood, as that allows you to make crafting tables and emergency wooden tools. This helps you avoid wasting time on long trips back to your workshop or main storage. The only reason to return home should be to unload, or because you've used up all the resources you took with you, not merely to collect some minor spare parts.
 * Don't carry worn-out tools. Once a tool has low durability, leave it behind at your base and make a new one. It doesn't matter if an old tool sits in a chest for a while before being used in a repair, and it's more efficient to repair tools in batches. This trick also reduces the risk of accidentally breaking a valuable tool rather than using it in a repair.
 * Treat low-durability tools (wood, stone) as disposable unless you are very short on resources. The small 'repair bonus' on these items only gives another half-dozen uses, which is probably not worth the time needed for a repair. (However, taking advantage of the repair feature may save some inventory space.)

Trees

 * When harvesting trees from below, chop out at height 1m and 2m first, leaving the lowest block of the tree as a 'stump'. By jumping onto the stump, you can then reach one block higher into the tree without needing to make a temporary platform to stand on. This means you can farm trees one block higher than otherwise, making your tree farms about 15% more efficient.
 * When farming trees, grow either birches or jungle trees. As for the jungle trees, they're very efficient when harvested as described below. Birch trees were the best option prior to the jungle tree's introduction, because they never grew taller than seven blocks and could thus completely be retrived in the way explained above. Oak trees are particularly irregular and variable, but only they produce apples to gild.
 * To harvest trees from above&mdash;this is particularly effective for the giant jungle trees&mdash;get to the top of the tree, then simply chop your way down to the base. Provided you have a quick means of getting to the top of the tree (ladders, vines, or possibly ender pearls) this is the fastest method of wood harvesting, and it works on trees of any height. Note that when using ladders, they will drop as you break the logs which support them.


 * You can harvest the giant jungle trees from the bottom by chopping them in a spiral. Chop out two blocks vertically, then jump into this space and chop out one block above you. Then chop out the two blocks in front of you which are 1m and 2m higher than your present height, forming a new space for you to jump into. Repeating this process in a spiral allows you to reach the top of the tree without using ladders or building giant ugly columns.

Villager Trading
(Edit: this technique no longer works because of changes made in 1.3 (exact snapshot unknown). Villagers can now remove trades while you are in the GUI.)
 * A way to rapidly trade large volumes with a villager is to trap them in a small trading booth (the smaller the better) that contains one or more chests. Fill the chest(s) with as many trade items as possible, then enter the booth with the villager and break the chests so that their contents land at your feet. As you trade with the villager, slots will open in your inventory only to be replenished by the items lying around you, allowing you to make many more trades in a single session.

Mods

 * Depending on how you play the game, some Minecraft mods may be ideal for speeding up your work. Tools such as MCEdit, Single Player Commands or mods such as BuildCraft provide a wide variety of ways to speed up certain types of routine operation. Not all these mods fit with every playing style, but if you do want to be able to clone buildings, level vast areas, strip-mine to bedrock and so on, it may well be worth investigating these tools rather than trying to do the work manually.
 * To improve FPS, you can use the Optifine Mod.

External Tools

 * There are many external tools for Minecraft which may help speed up certain types of projects. There are graphics tools to help you make blueprints (such as GIMP, AutoCAD or Google Sketchup), and shape libraries and examples, YouTube videos and more besides. For any big project, look seriously at these options. Tips and examples by other people may save you hours of experimentation or wasted work, and they may help with artistic inspiration too. Pencil and graph paper are perfectly fine tools to use too, and for some projects they are likely to be the ideal solution.

Planning

 * If you're doing anything big or complicated, planning ahead can give enormous benefits. The plan can be as simple as a quick mental checklist, or as ambitious as a full-blown blueprint plus materials requirements. Don't over-plan for a simple project, but don't underestimate the benefits of planning properly for an ambitious one.

Exploiting the Crafting Grid
By placing the planks in the middle of the grid in step 2, they are already in the right place to generate sticks and form the centre part of the gate in step 4, which saves you from having to move them. Not many crafting recipes behave in this way, but whenever you make a lot of an item, if you are able to place the ingredients in just the right way you can save a little bit of time every time you craft it.
 * Some crafting recipes can be made more efficiently depending on how you place the items in the grid. This may only save a second or two when making the item, but for frequently-made objects this can still add up. For example, making a gate requires one log block. The most efficient way to make it is as follows:
 * 1) Place one log block anywhere in the grid, and it will form four planks.
 * 2) Place the planks in the middle of the grid, two in one box and the other two in the box above, using right-click. The crafting output will switch from planks to sticks.
 * 3) Click once on the sticks, giving four sticks, and leaving two planks behind in the main grid.
 * 4) Right-click four times to place one stick at a time, forming the gate.
 * Another example for time-saving in crafting is found at the very beginning of the game: Making a crafting table and sticks for tools.
 * 1) Take the wooden planks that were converted from logs. Place four in the crafting grid, but don't pick up the crafting table yet.
 * 2) Put four more planks in the crafting grid, but this time two on top of each other, for the stick recipes.
 * 3) This should give you a crafting table and then 8 sticks.
 * Similarly, some recipes can be overlapped, so that you can make two different items at once with two quick clicks. You can overlay a shovel (and/or hoe) recipe over that for a pickaxe or axe: stack the extra sticks in place, and add an extra block or ingot at top center (and for a hoe, top-side). When making armor, boots or helmet can likewise be overlaid over pants or chestplate (and/or over each other).

Right-clicking

 * Right-clicking with the mouse selects half a stack at a time, or can be used to place a single item in a crafting or smelting slot. Using right-clicks wherever possible helps speed up many crafting recipes from steps and slabs to snowballs, because you can split the stacks into roughly equal portions and convert, for example, a stack of 16 snowballs into four snow blocks with just six clicks. Because crafting is such a big part of the game, making good use of the right-click facility is a big time-saver.

Shapeless Recipes

 * For a few crafting recipes&mdash;such as mushroom stew and item repairs&mdash;the way you place the items in the crafting grid doesn't matter. Knowing these recipes saves a little time every time you make them because you know you don't have to place the items just so.

Shift-clicking

 * Shift-clicking makes or moves as many of a stack of an item as possible. Making good use of this trick is probably the biggest time-saver the crafting, brewing, and smelting interfaces provide. It's also useful for quickly filling and emptying chests of stacks of items. (Bug: Prior to weekly release 12w34a, shift-clicking when creating maps would produce multiple copies of map_0; probably not the desired outcome.)

Video Settings
Note: If the lag is network-related rather than a local problem, these changes won't help very much.
 * Lag may arise from a variety of causes, depending on your computer. Possibilities include having too many mobs or items in one place, complex redstone circuits, large forest fires and so on. If the game is normally fast enough for you, but occasionally suffers from lag, don't forget the option of temporarily reducing the game's video settings. Change the render distance to 'Tiny', set particle effects to 'Minimal' and turn off any other video settings that you can live without. When the problem causing lag has cleared, go back to your normal settings. You can also press f3 and A to reset the chunks. This can help reset the lag.
 * If the game is always a bit sluggish on your system, you should use lower-quality video settings most of the time, but don't forget you can temporarily set the quality to high levels for short periods when you want to admire something. (If the lag gets very bad when you do this, setting the game to peaceful mode at the same time may also be prudent.)