Mods/Installing mods using ModLoader

Cautions about using mods in Minecraft
'Before you decide to mod (modify) your copy of Minecraft, it is very important to understand what you are doing or you may end up messing up your copy. (If your copy of Minecraft is compromised, you can always backup your worlds and re-download Minecraft) Let me repeat that for you: If you mod Minecraft, you may break your copy of the game as well as any worlds that you play in. Because you are doing something that is wholly unsupported by Mojang, they won't be able to help you. ' Due to how modding works, updating the Minecraft client will break your mods. That is, with each update of the Minecraft client, you will have to obtain updated mods and re-install them. However, the worlds you created will not be destroyed (although any mod items in your world will not be present).

Additionally, the authors of the mod make no guarantees as to whether or not the code works, much less any guarantees of support.

Nearly all mod packs have auto-installers that make adding mods to Minecraft extremely easy for the beginner Modder. You can search for mod packs on the Mods page.

Installing Mods prerequisites
You might be able to get away without knowing how to do a few of these things, but if your copy of Minecraft breaks, then you should seek help from somebody in the modding community (preferably the mod author). If you view this as a great opportunity to learn something new, then you're on the right path!
 * Knowledge of Zipping/Unzipping files, and working with a good archive utility (such as WinRAR, 7zip, etc.).
 * Knowing how to submit proper bug reports.
 * Knowing how to actually install the mod and its prerequisites.
 * Knowing how to accurately read and follow instructions.
 * Knowing which mods conflict with each other and which do not.
 * Making sure you reread the instructions.

note: You can use MCPatcher to do some or all of this work for you!

How Mods Work
A file on your computer called "minecraft.jar" provides everything Minecraft needs to be able to run. For example: world generation, showing blocks, managing mobs, items, and recipes. When you add mods to Minecraft, you are taking Minecraft.jar and over-writing it with the changes needed. All of these files inside of minecraft.jar that make it run are run through a process called "obfuscation". Basically what that means is that it changes words like "recipe" to words like "bf" (for the technically minded, all class names, variable names and identifiers are turned into one to three letter nonsense names).

Further, each entity in the game (a Mob, Item, Block, etc.) has an ID so they can be described on the map. As new content is added to Minecraft, new IDs are used.

This has a few very important implications: (Minecraft.jar generally in the main application directory; not the 'minecraft.jar' described below. If the mod that you wish to install involves neither of these actions then you should feel quite secure. If not, a good measure of safety is to only install very popular mods. Risugami created the Modloader and other great, safe, and popular mods; and the new version made modding much more safe. Read comments on mod posts before downloading and installing)
 * This is fundamentally changing the way Minecraft was meant to be played. So Mojang will not be able to help you in any way, and are not responsible for crashes, data loss, etc.
 * Some mods might claim to do something like add a cute puppy to your world, but could in fact have been authored with a malicious intent such as stealing your Minecraft username/password, or install a keylogger. This is only a concern if…
 * The mod that you download contains an executable and you run it.
 * The mod that you download informs you that you should modify the Minecraft launcher
 * When Minecraft is updated, all mods need to be re-updated by their authors and sometimes need to be re-downloaded and placed into the folder, you may also need to download the latest version of mod loader, because Mojang obfuscates the source of the mod when minecraft updates. If a mod uses an ID number that Mojang chooses to use in the update, this will cause further issues, and your world will look weird, or potentially be completely broken and unusable. Mod authors do this of their own free will, and it can take weeks for them to update. However, this doesn't mean you should harass the author about it.
 * If two mods do similar things, they will likely be incompatible, because they both will try to change the "bf" (or "recipe") file. (This can be fixed, nowadays mods also come with a properties file to change block and item ID's to fix conflicts.)
 * You may be adding new entities to your worlds, so if you ever have to remove the mods (say because of a Minecraft update), that world will no longer be compatible.

Downloading Mods
The best place for a list to download mods is on the Wiki's mods page. It is a reliable place to find mods and it is updated frequently. Alternatively, mods can be found on the Minecraft Forum's Mods section. Note that this section has in excess of almost 600 pages so it can be tedious to find a mod that you're looking for or good mods.

If getting mods that are copies of big mods, such as a TooManyItems copy, they might have malware in them, so it is best to get the mod you want from the original topic. If any of the files you download are not class, png, or any audio files, or folders with those items, and are not an installer,  DO NOT OPEN THEM . Make sure to run the zip file or folder through your computer's antivirus program before putting the mod into your jar. If any mods were downloaded from low quality sites scanning them with anti-virus programs will likely prevent any problems with your computer.

Making Backups
If you simply want to test a mod without any risk, simply backup .minecraft in its entirety. Restoring it will revert everything to a pre-modded state (including your worlds).

If you are going to mod in a more persistent and complex fashion then you should keep the following recommendations in mind:


 * Back up your worlds in .minecraft/saves
 * If you have had previous mods installed, back up the minecraft.jar too, so as not accidentally uninstall mods.
 * If you wish to potentially keep your stats and achievements safe, backup the directory .minecraft/stats
 * Do not put custom mod only items in chests if you wish to access that world again from an unmodified version of Minecraft. It is possible that if you do so, when you remove the mod and then try to open or smash the chest, Minecraft might crash. If you do this accidentally, you can stand on top of the chest, and type in . It will delete the chest and the items inside it.

Backing up your worlds should be done every time you install a new mod.

ModLoader, Spawnlist and friends
Mod authors may give a configuration file to change item ID's. Find the conflicting ID, and change it. Just remember that when an update for minecraft or for the mod comes out, you must use the same item ID's, or suffer the crashes. Here is a video tutorial showing you how to install Forge Mod Loader for Minecraft:
 * There are many mods that absolutely require other mods to work, because they use some of the commands these other mods give. These are also known as utility mods. These mods include ModLoader (for adding mods in general), and Minecraft Forge, which is a more advanced version of modloader. These mods that are required by some mods will need to be installed with the mod before Minecraft is run. Without them, the mod will not work and can even lead to Minecraft crashing.

Dealing with your first crash

 * Running minecraft in command line mode to get a stack trace.
 * Posting this stack trace as an error report on the mod authors website/forum/thread.
 * If you cannot fix the crashing, refer to the next section to restore your Minecraft and worlds.
 * Just restart minecraft and then it is gone.

Deleting Mods, fixing crashes, and restoring Minecraft
There are 3 ways to delete a mod.
 * 1) (only if mod is installed this way) Go into the mods folder in the .minecraft folder and remove the mod from the folder. (Later versions of Modloader only)
 * 2) Restore your version of Minecraft, making sure to keep your worlds.
 * 3) Force update. You can do this by clicking the button above 'login'.

To restore Minecraft, go to the AppData folder. Go into Roaming. Move your .minecraft folder onto the desktop. (or wherever you wish) Open the Minecraft Launcher, making sure your username and password are correct and log in. The Minecraft Launcher will then download a new, fresh .minecraft folder into the Roaming folder. Once it is done, open your modded .minecraft folder. Go into the Saves folder. Do the same for the fresh, no mods .minecraft folder. Take your worlds from the modded .minecraft folder and put them into the saves folder in the fresh .minecraft folder. Your worlds should be fine, but any mod items in your world will disappear.

To fix a crash, consult the following problem solving list:

- Did you delete the META-INF folder in minecraft.jar?

- Forgot ModLoader?

- Do your mods have conflicting item or block IDs? If so, most mods have a properties file to change the block and item IDs. - Look in modloader.txt to see what block ID(s) are conflicted.

- Is the mod made for your current version of Minecraft?

- Did you install any/all dependencies for the mod? For example, TurboModelThingy is required for the Planes Mod to work, and ModLoaderMP is required with Modloader for SDK's Guns Mod.

- Do you have the right version of Modloader?

- Do you have the right version of the mod?

- Are you SURE you installed the mod correctly? (consult any README file in the mod)

There are also utilities to restore the game automatically such as BlackScreenFix http://dl.dropbox.com/u/62819837/BlackScreenFix.exe

How to effectively get help

 * DELETE the META-INF folder.
 * Check to make sure there are no conflicting mods.
 * If using a Modloader mod, make sure the correct version of Modloader is installed.
 * Check the version of your mod.
 * Search a YouTube tutorial for the mod you are trying to install (make sure you watch a video with the correct OS and version of the mod).

Installation for the old launcher
- Resources folder (found in the main .minecraft directory) - Config folder (found in main .minecraft directory) - The .minecraft folder Follow the instructions on your download for clarification on where to copy files to.
 * Windows 95/98/2000/XP:
 * 1) Click start.
 * 2) Click Run....
 * 3) Type %appdata%/.minecraft/bin
 * 4) Open minecraft.jar (It may appear only as minecraft).
 * 5) Open the folder using an archive software (the most popular are 7zip and WinRAR). To do this, right-click minecraft.jar and hover to the Open With menu.
 * 6) Delete the META-INF folder
 * 7) Copy the class files into this folder. Exit the folder once you have copied the class files.
 * 8) Certain mods will require you to copy files into other directories. Examples include:

Method 1: - Resources folder (found in the main .minecraft directory) - Config folder (found in main .minecraft directory) - The .minecraft folder Follow the instructions on your download for clarification on where to copy files to.
 * Windows Vista/7:
 * 1) Click the Start Icon.
 * 2) Go to C:/Users/(username)/Appdata/roaming/.minecraft
 * 3) Open bin and you will see minecraft.jar (It may appear only as minecraft).
 * 4) Open the folder using an archive software (the most popular are 7zip and WinRAR). To do this, right-click on minecraft.jar  and hover to the Open With menu.
 * 5) Copy the class files into this folder. Exit the folder once you have copied the class files.
 * 6) Certain mods will require you to copy files into other directories. Examples include:

You will find minecraft.jar located in ~/.minecraft/bin/. From Nautilus (or most other file browsers), press Ctrl+H to see hidden folders the navigate to .minecraft. If in the console, type, ls -a ~/ and you will find the .minecraft directory. Navigate to the bin folder. Open the minecraft jar using archive manager or similar. Extract the mods that you want to put in the jar from their zip or rar. Close the window for archive manager. Start playing!
 * Linux:

This is a way to install mods using the terminal
 * Mac:
 * 1. Go to Applications > Utilities and open terminal.
 * 2. Type in the following, line by line:


 * 3. Outside of terminal, copy all the files and folders into the mctmp directory.
 * 4. Back inside terminal, type in the following:

On most operating systems you can select the texture packs button on minecraft's main menu which will open the minecraft folder. Click 'up' from there and you will be in the .minecraft directory.
 * Any OS:

Installation for the 1.6+ launcher

 * 1) Open the 1.6+ launcher and make sure the version of Minecraft the mod requires is already installed.
 * 2) Click "Edit Profile" in the launcher, then open the game directory.
 * 3) Go into the subfolder "versions".
 * 4) Rename the folder for the version you require to something else. In this example, rename "1.8.3" to "1.8.3_Modded".
 * 5) Open the 1.8.3_Modded folder.
 * 6) Rename "1.8.3.jar" to "1.8.3_Modded.jar".
 * 7) Rename "1.8.3.json" to "1.8.3_Modded.json".
 * 8) Open "1.8.3_Modded.json" with a text editor and replace "id":"1.8.3" with "id":"1.8.3_Modded", save the file and close it.
 * 9) Open the jar file so you can see all the files in it. You can do this by changing the .jar to .zip and unzipping it. You only need the new jar folder and the json so delete everything else on that directory. No need for WinRAR or 7-Zip. Copy-paste the mod files into the "1.8.3_Modded" new jar folder.
 * 10) File extensions may be hidden by default, so you may need to tell your File Explorer to not hide them.  In Windows 10, simply click View near the top and locate and check the box that says "File Name Extensions".  In older versions of windows you will need to go to Organize to locate the box.
 * 11) Delete META-INF (If needed) . (Be sure to double check whether or not the META-INF file needs to be deleted. Some mods may not run without it. If it doesn't and you save, you can always go back and delete it.)
 * 12) Start the 1.6+ launcher.
 * 13) Click "Edit Profile"
 * 14) In "Use Version", select "1.8.3_Modded".
 * 15) Click Save Profile.
 * 16) Login and play as normal.

Installing 1.8 mods)
To install a mod for Minecraft 1.8+, you can do it 2 ways: with Minecraft Forge or manually. Both are detailed here.

(These steps may work with version 1.6.1+)

Installing Mods with Minecraft Forge
First, find a mod you like and download it. It should be a .jar file. (In the rarest case, it may be a .zip.) Here is a good website for downloading mods. Next go to the Minecraft Forge homepage. Now select your version from the list. This tutorial uses 1.8.8 as an example. Download the .jar file of the version you want to mod and run it. Just click OK, you don't need to bother with anything else. After that, install it and then launch Minecraft. (Note: you must had run Minecraft at least once!) Now locate your .minecraft folder. There should be a new folder named 'mods'.

Now drag and drop your downloaded mod file into this folder and open up the Minecraft Launcher. Before clicking Play, click 'Edit Profile' to the left. On the 'Select Version' drop down menu, go to the bottom and you will find a '1.8.8Forge' version (or whatever version you are modding). Click that, then OK, and then click Play. It will take longer than usual to load up, especially if you are using multiple mods. Start a world and if whatever your mod does is there, you have successfully installed a mod using Minecraft Forge.

Installing Mods Manually
This method is a bit harder. First, go to your .minecraft folder and go into 'versions', and make a copy of the '1.8.9' folder, or whatever version you are modding. Rename the new copy to, for example, '1.8.9mod'. Next, inside the new '1.8.9mod' folder, rename the '1.8.9.jar' file to '1.8.9mod.jar' and rename '1.8.9.json' file to '1.8.9mod.json'. These should have the same name as the containing folder. Next, open the '1.8.9mod.json' file in Notepad, and Replace ALL 1.8.9 text to 1.8.9mod. Save and close it. Next, using WinRAR or 7Zip, open the '1.8.9mod.jar' file. Delete the 'META-INF' folder. Again, using WinRAR or 7Zip, open your mod .jar file in a separate window. Copy everything from the mod jar to the 1.8.9mod version jar.

Now open the Minecraft Launcher and head to the version drop down menu. You should see your '1.8.9mod' version. Use that and open up Minecraft. If the mod does what it does best, it worked.

Installing your second Mod, testing for compatibility.

 * Open your "minecraft.jar" folder (See above) with an archiving utility such as WinRAR or 7-Zip, and drag the mod files from the folder you downloaded, to the minecraft.jar folder. Most mods require the folder "META-INF" inside of minecraft.jar be removed before the mod can work.

Dealing with crashes

 * Your mod may be conflicting with block or item IDs. Check the place you got the mod to see if anyone else is having the same errors, and see if there is a solution.
 * You may have forgotten to delete your "META-INF" folder. Most mods require that this folder be removed before loading the mod will work.
 * Risugami's Modloader and other mods such as Audio Mod will really help if the mods keep crashing(or if minecraft is muted without your own will)

Automatic installers
Several programs have been made that automatically install mods, eliminating the need to manually copy files into minecraft.jar. Some of these programs, such as MCManager and MCPatcher, can be found at Programs and editors/Modding.

Video Tutorials
for a general guide on how to install Minecraft mods on Windows & Mac OS X.