Transportation



Transportation involves the methods by which players move around the world or between dimensions (the Overworld, the Nether and the End).

Methods
NOTE: As 1 block is 1 m3, 1 m/s is equal to 1 block per second. Thus for convenience, all speeds are shown in SI Units. 1 m/s equals 3.28 ft/s and 1 km/h equals 0.621 MPH. It is important to remember that the speeds also assume that the form of transportation doesn’t have, if any or if possible, the Speed or Slowness status effect. Some forms are not affected by status effects. Elytras are only slower than listed below if the player has the Slow Falling status effect.

Potions
Using potion effects (including beacon effects), walking and sprinting speeds become competitive with other methods of transportation.

Each additional level of allows the player to walk at nearly the sprinting speed of the previous level, and sprinting with Speed II is only slightly slower than a minecart at full speed or a boosted pig. With adequate food and potion supplies, sprinting may be more cost-effective than building high-speed transportation systems.

Commands
Using the command, extremely high or low speeds become reachable. At exceedingly high levels (100+), the player moves faster than chunks can load.

Vertical transportation
There are some examples of purely vertical transportation methods:

Falling speed is more complex: Every tick ($1/4$ second), non-flying players and mobs have their vertical speed decremented (less upward motion, more downward motion) by 0.08 blocks per tick (1.6 m/s), then multiplied by 0.98. This would produce a terminal velocity of 3.92 blocks per tick, or 78.4 m/s. However, the sky isn't quite high enough for that: Falling from layer 256 to bedrock takes about 5.5 seconds, with impact at 3.5 blocks per tick (70 m/s). (In creative mode, you can fly higher, and could potentially reach terminal velocity falling from "above the sky".)

A function to calculate the speed of a (free)falling player is the following: v(t) = (0.98floor(t) - 1) &times; 3.92. The velocity v is in blocks/tick (or meters/tick), and the time t is in ticks. The usual downward velocity will be negative. t is floored because Minecraft only updates your velocity once a tick (so, for example, your velocity at t=3.4 will be exactly the same as your velocity at t=3.0).

Integrating the previous yields an estimate of the distance fallen by tick: d(t) = 196 - 3.92 &times; t - 194.04 &times; 0.98t-0.5. Again, distance fallen is negative. The derivation of this distance estimate, and Java code for generating the exact distace, can be found here.

Other modes of transportation

 * Players are also able to use pistons for transport.
 * It is possible to construct complex flying machines using pistons, blocks of redstone, and slime blocks.
 * Dying is an instant mode of transportation that will take you to your bed or spawn point, but at the cost of all of your items and XP (if the  gamerule is disabled) and your world (on Hardcore).
 * If the player has already defeated the ender dragon, and is near a stronghold/End portal, they can enter and exit the End to instantly be transported to their bed or spawn point without dying.
 * Standing next to an explosion will send you flying for a certain distance, depending on the strength of the explosion.
 * Not recommended in Survival mode.
 * Due to to how damage is calculated after explosion knockback, you can’t take damage if you make the player cannon powerful enough.
 * It is possible to mount minecarts and boats as long as they are within 4-5 blocks (inclusive) from the player. Placing minecarts in a straight line allows for extremely fast transport.  This also works with saddled pigs, provided they stay in position (placed on posts).