Non-renewable resource

A non-renewable resource (as opposed to a renewable resource) is a resource that can't be obtained in indefinite quantities in survival without exploring more terrain or using certain glitches, commands or Creative mode to create more of them. While running out of a resource isn't likely to be a factor in normal gameplay due to massive size of a Minecraft map, in principle there is a finite quantity of these resources available in each Minecraft world.

Non-renewable resources can be obtained through crafting recipes that consume other non-renewable items, found as naturally generated blocks, obtained from structure loot chests or as drops from certain enemies that don't respawn (elder guardians, shulkers, and the wither).

Some resources are non-renewable or even unobtainable if playing on peaceful difficulty, as monsters do not spawn.

The degree of impact the non-renewability of a resource has on normal gameplay generally depends on how limited the resource is, but on custom maps these relationships may be changed; for example, on Skyblock-style maps, any soul sand provided is extremely valuable, as no more can be obtained.

All status effect and enchantment-item combinations that cannot be obtained in Survival are non-renewable.

Common
While technically not renewable, these resources or their non-renewable raw materials are so common in the default world generation that they are unlikely to be used up even in relatively small areas of the map, assuming they contain the appropriate biomes. Their non-renewability may be more important in custom maps.

Uncommon
While these resources aren't rare, players may be pushed to explore further to find more, especially if multiple players are collecting them. In many cases, they aren't truly exhausted, but finding and collecting the remaining material is far harder than simply exploring for more. For example, nether quartz generates throughout netherrack, but many players harvest only those veins visible on cavern surfaces.

Rare
These resources are limited enough to force players to wander far and wide to find them in any significant quantity, especially on servers.

Not obtainable in Survival
These resources are not obtainable as items in Survival. However, they can be encountered and some even created or manipulated in survival.

Not encountered in Survival
These resources cannot be accessed without using creative mode or commands.

Bedrock Edition
These resources aren't renewable in the Bedrock Edition, even though they are in the Java Edition.

Java Edition
These resources aren't renewable in the Java Edition, even though they are in the Bedrock Edition.

Upcoming
These items are non-renewable only in snapshots or prereleases. They either do not exist, or are renewable in the latest official release.

Peaceful Difficulty
These resources are not renewable while playing in peaceful difficulty as their renewable methods of obtaining require the spawning of hostile mobs. (Previously mentioned non-renewable resources are removed from the products list).

Additionally, going to the End requires the use of eye of enders (the chances of requiring none is only 1 in a trillion), which are unobtainable in peaceful difficulty, therefore the following renewable resources can also be considered unobtainable and therefore non-renewable. (Previously mentioned non-renewable resources are removed from the products list)