Trading

The trading system is a gameplay mechanic that allows players to trade emeralds for items (and vice-versa) with villagers and wandering traders.

Mechanics
Pressing on an adult villager opens a GUI, allowing a player to trade with the villager. Villagers make offers based on their profession. All offers involve emeralds, as a currency, and some item pertinent to the villager's career. Trading allows the acquisition of uncommon items. It is also the only legitimate method of acquiring globe banner pattern, woodland and ocean explorer map in Survival mode.

Different professions are assigned to each villager, and are viewable by their appearance (based on profession overlay, not biome outfit) and in the trading GUI. For example, villagers wearing straw hats are farmers. Every villager spawns from level 1 of their given career, which can be identified by the badge they wear: stone for novice, iron for apprentice, gold for journeyman, emerald for expert, and diamond for master iron, gold, and diamond. Each level consists of a defined set of offers. They gain experience when trading with a player and level up when their experience bar is full. Then, they receive regeneration and become surrounded with purple and green particles for a few seconds. Each profession unlocks a pre-defined and finite set of offers.

Villagers will deactivate an offer after the offer has been used some number of times. The chance of an offer's deactivation is different for each item (see tables below). When villagers work at their job site blocks, they activate their offers again, up to twice per day. When an offer is disabled, a red "X" appears in the trading interface, and the villager displays the same particle effect as an offer being created.

Villagers distinguish between data values, so damaged tools cannot be traded in place of fully repaired tools.

All trades reward the player with 3–6 experience, or 8–11 experience if the villager is willing to breed. $$, certain trades don't reward any experience: farmers' first-tier trades, clerics' Rotten Flesh trade, butchers' Raw Porkchop trade, or fletchers' string trade.

Economics
In Bedrock Edition 1.11.0, villagers have 8-10 trade slots. Some trade slots with multiple possible trades will display only one trade; for example, farmer villagers have 4 potential trades in their first trade slot, so each trade has a $1/4$ chance to be chosen. Each trade can be used a maximum number of times, after which the trade becomes disabled. Once trades are disabled, villagers must work at their corresponding job site block to resupply their trades (e.g.: a toolsmith villager will work at a smithing table). The more often players trade with the same trade slot, the more that slot's demand increases (although some trades with 0 price multipliers are not affected by demand). The Hero of the Village effect reduces trade prices, except trades which cost one emerald. When a player trades with a villager, both the player and the villager gain experience. A villager levels up when its experience bar becines full, unlocking new trade tiers and changing their badge.

Villagers have 5 levels:
 * Novice: Available from the start
 * Apprentice: Requires 10 experience points
 * Journeyman: Requires 60 experience points
 * Expert: Requires 160 experience points
 * Master: Requires 310 experience points

In Bedrock Edition, villagers not from a template world are converted into villager_2 when updating to 1.11.0, however if a player has already traded with a villager at least once, they keep their old trades, but with the new gui. Since old trades don't give XP to villagers, they are unable to level up.

Non-trading villagers (all editions)
Nitwits are green-coated villagers. They cannot trade, and offer no trades.
 * Nitwit (green coat)

Villagers without profession overlays are unemployed and cannot trade. They wear biome outfits, e.g.: unemployed plains villagers appear as plain brown robed villagers. (Like farmers did before 1.11.0, but with an iron badge.)
 * Unemployed (no overlay)

An unemployed villager gain a profession by being close to an unclaimed job sites block near a valid bed. For example, a cartography table will convert an unemployed villager into a cartographer).

Bedrock Edition offers

 * Armorer (welding mask with black apron):




 * Butcher (red headband with white apron):

' '


 * Cartographer (golden monocle):

' '


 * Cleric (purple apron with purple creeper cloak):




 * Farmer (straw hat):




 * Fisherman (fisher hat and fishy apron):




 * Fletcher (feather on hat and quiver):

' '


 * Leatherworker (brown gloves with brown apron):




 * Librarian (eyeglasses with book as hat):




 * Shepherd (brown hat with white apron):

' '


 * Stone Mason (black gloves with black apron):




 * Toolsmith (black apron):

' '


 * Weaponsmith (pirate eyepatch with black apron):



Java Edition offers
A maximum of two trades will be randomly selected at every tier.


 * Armorer (welding mask with black apron):


 * Butcher (red headband with white apron):




 * Cartographer (golden monocle):




 * Cleric (purple apron with purple creeper cloak):


 * Farmer (straw hat):


 * Fisherman (fisher hat and fishy apron):


 * Fletcher (feather on hat and quiver):




 * Leatherworker (brown gloves with brown apron):


 * Librarian (eyeglasses with book as hat):


 * Mason (black gloves with black apron):


 * Shepherd (brown hat with white apron):




 * Toolsmith (black apron):




 * Weaponsmith (pirate eyepatch with black apron):

Wandering trader sales


The wandering trader is available only in Bedrock Edition and Java Edition. Unlike other villagers, the wandering trader does not buy items in exchange for emeralds – it only sells items, using emeralds as a currency. Therefore, the top row (header) of the following table is how many emeralds the player needs to receive the items listed in the bottom row (content) of the table.

Java Edition sales
The wandering trader will pick 6 random trades from the list below.

Bedrock Edition sales
In Bedrock Edition, wandering traders sell 6 random trades. Their trades are unaffected by demand.

5 of the random trades are shown in the table below:

The other random trade is shown below (only one of these items will be chosen for each wandering trader):

Upcoming

5 of the random trades are shown in the table below:

The other random trade is shown below (these items will be chosen for each wandering trader and always offered but only one of them):

Video
Video by slicedlime:

Trivia

 * Right-clicking on a villager pauses that villager's pathfinding.
 * If a villager takes damage while trading, the trading GUI will close.
 * In Bedrock Edition, while inside the trading GUI, an emerald will appear above the villager's head.