Cave



Caverns or Caves are commonly-found cavities in the Stone layer of a map. Many caverns have tunnels branching off (called catacombs) and winding in other directions, some of which connect to the surface of the map creating natural entries to the cavern. Caverns can be quite deep, extending from the surface all the way to the Bedrock layer, which is impossible to break through. These caverns are randomly generated so no two of them will look exactly alike, making guides hard to be formed. They can sometimes be attached to natural dungeons.

Caverns usually contain at least one type of exposed ore block. Hostile mobs often spawn in naturally occurring caverns so it is advisable to bring along a weapon if on any difficulty other than peaceful.

Caverns can be useful as a starting point for creating player-made dungeons and other underground structures. Since natural caverns have areas of exposed rock, they can save quite a bit of time while searching for ore. However, caverns can be quite deep, like pits, so accidentally breaking into one from above could inflict a lot of fall damage. Players should be aware of the potential presence of lava as it is one of the main risk factors of exploring caverns, even on peaceful.

Pits
A pit is a hole in the ground that falls straight down. Pits are usually found in caverns, or when mining down you may fall into one. Pits are a good way to go farther underground, but are dangerous because they can lead into lava, a dungeon, or the fall may kill the player. It is advised that the player should bring ladders or create a water elevator or stairway before exploring a pit.

Finding Caverns
There are a number of ways to find caverns. Below is a table, designed to make cavern-hunting easier.

Navigating Caverns
Caverns are surprisingly easy to get lost in. Below are a number of methods you can implement while exploring to prevent this.


 * Place all your torches on the right side of the cave when you enter a new passage. This allows you to find you way back to the entrance simply by keeping the torches on your left. However, be aware that if a cave loops back on itself at some point, there can be some confusion as to the shortest way out. Also, it is unlikely that torches restricted to the right side will provide sufficient light to completely prevent mobs from spawning, so you will probably need to place additional torches on the cavern floor in caves and the wider passageways.
 * Use signs to create directional signposts at intersections, often with "ASCII arrows", such as --> or ^, to indicate the heading. Keep in mind that you will need to be able to see these signposts the most on your way back out of the cavern, so when placing them, it is important to position them where they will be easily visible from the other direction. While this method is generally very reliable, signs are not cheap (6 wooden planks and 1 stick per sign), nor do they stack, making it difficult to bring enough signs for anything larger than a medium-sized cavern system.
 * Create cobblestone arrows at each intersection, pointing back towards the passage you just came from. A torch can be placed on the block at the tip of the arrow to ensure that the arrow is easy to spot. This method has the advantage of utilizing a resource (cobblestone) that is common in caverns and easily carried in bulk, making it suitable for aiding in the exploration of even epic-sized caverns. These arrows can be placed on walls or embedded into the floor, and can point in any direction. Similarly to the signpost method, cobblestone arrows should be placed in locations that are easily visible on the way back out of the cavern.
 * Similarly, a player can make cobblestone walls or barricades to block off dead-ends or previously explored cavern branches to find exits more quickly. This along with the "right-side" torch method work very well hand-in-hand and can guarantee a less confusing exit strategy for players in a hurry to end their cavern run.
 * When finished exploring a cave, simply dig upwards to the surface. (This method is generally not recommended, due to the reasons described here.)
 * If a player does not use redstone and merely ignores it or collects it, they can make simple "trails" from spare redstone dust to either illuminate (if the player so wishes to use sticks and make torches) or help the player find a set path out of the cave, much like a Hansel and Grethel style of approach to spelunking. (Note, this should only be used if the player is willing to sacrifice their redstone dust or torches and should be only be used if the player has a general idea of where exactly their exit is.) Alternatively, this can also be done with minecart tracks if the player wishes.

Classification of Caverns
A cavern can be classified into three kinds of cave systems.

Small Cave (Dud Cave)
Small caves are primarily located close to sea level and are unlikely to be linked with other caverns. They frequently contain small deposits of basic ores such as Coal and Iron whilst seldom possessing rarer materials. Such caves may have multiple entrances which are naturally lit.

Medium Cave (Splatter Cave)
Medium sized cave system are commonly found within reach of other, often smaller, bountiful caverns which are accessible via mining. These caverns frequently contain large deposits of basic ores alongside small repositories of rarer materials - including Lapis Lazuli and Gold. Splatter caves also regularly contain, at the very least, minor water or lava flows as well as the presence of small dungeons.

Large Cave (Epic Cave)
Epic subterranean systems, found deep within the earth close to the bedrock, hold large deposits of essentially every known type of ore - with rarer materials, such as Diamond, being found in more infrequent deposits then commoner materials. Such systems contain a number of large lakes alongside the presence of major lava flows. Furthermore, exploring epic caverns is more often then not extremely easy owing to the huge volume of naturally generated tunnels associated with such. In is not unknown for large dungeons to be found within these systems.

Circular rooms
During the terrain generation process large symmetrical and cylindrical chambers of various sizes can be infrequently be created underground which often merge with other cave systems. Although not particularly of interest, from a mining perspective, they may appear unnatural and irregular in regards to the surrounding terrain.

Lava Lakes
Most often found in Large Caves far underground, Lava Lakes generally have the most rare minerals including Lapis Lazuli, gold ore, and redstone ore, sometimes even diamond ore. But Lava Lakes most often hold the common minerals such as iron ore and coal.

Water Lakes
Found in every part of the world at every level underground, Water Lakes are by far the most common lake. Water Lakes occur on the surface, a mere 1-20 blocks below the surface, and from then on to Bedrock.