Monster Spawner

Monster spawners (or mob spawners) are blocks having the appearance of a dark blue cage structure, found in dungeons, abandoned mine shafts, strongholds and Nether fortresses. Inside the cage there are flames that do not give off any light and a miniature spinning version of the mob that will spawn, which slowly increases speed until the next mob spawns. Spawners can spawn any mob. However without the use of an inventory editor or custom map they only spawn zombies, skeletons, spiders, cave spiders, blazes, or silverfish.

Players have designed many traps to kill mobs from spawners, employing a long fall, drowning, lava, cactus or a combination of these, which allow the player to collect drops or experience in great numbers with little risk (see monster spawner traps.)

The monster spawner is only available through use of the /give command and, if placed, will only spawn pigs by default. At this current time, even if correct data values for mobs are given when using the /give command, the mob spawner will always be a pig spawner.

An interesting quirk of the monster spawner is that it is transparent in its rendering only - unlike all other transparent blocks, it can have torches and redstone placed on it, conducts a redstone current, will suffocate mobs, and more.

Occurrence


Spawners can occur in these places, spawning mobs chosen randomly when generated:
 * Dungeons
 * Spawns Zombies (50% chance), Skeletons (25%), or Spiders (25%). One per dungeon. Sometimes a Spider Spawner will also spawn a Spider Jockey.


 * Abandoned Mine Shafts
 * Spawns Cave Spiders. Located in horizontal tunnels, heavily surrounded by Cobwebs.


 * Strongholds
 * Spawns Silverfish. Located in the End Portal room. One per stronghold.


 * Nether Fortresses
 * Spawns Blazes. Located on Nether fortress balconies with stairs leading up to them.

Naturally occurring spawners will not spawn passive animals, Creepers, or Endermen. However, if a map editor or mod is used to create a spawner for any mob, excluding a giant zombie, it will function as expected (so it will even spawn Ender dragons)

There is no way to obtain a spawner in your inventory in Survival mode without turning on cheats, using mods with an inventory editor program, or using the "/give" operator command in a multiplayer server. It does not appear in the Creative mode inventory, but can be obtained using the pick block feature (before 1.2.5). If such a spawner is placed, or if a spawner is missing its tile entity data, it will spawn the same entity, but will have a pig inside.

Spawning behavior
A spawner will spawn mobs in the surrounding area, provided suitable spawning locations for the block's mob type can be found in the area. Spawning conditions vary from mob to mob. For example, Overworld monsters can only spawn in darkness (light level 7 or below), and animals must spawn with a light level 9 or above. However, spawner blocks can spawn mobs in mid-air, ignoring general rules about spawning on solid ground.

A monster spawner is only active when a player is within a radius of 16 blocks from the spawner. While the block is active, it will spawn mobs within an 8 × 3 × 8 block area (8 wide and 3 high and 8 long), centered on the corner of the spawner block with the lower x and z coordinates (i.e. the northwestern corner). Mobs can spawn anywhere in this range that is suitable, even if the immediate vicinity of the spawner block itself is not suitable. The horizontal distribution is nonlinear, with positions near the spawner more likely than ones farther away.

The block will attempt to spawn 4 mobs at randomly chosen points within the spawning area, then wait anywhere from 200 to 799 ticks (10 to 39.95 seconds) before spawning again. As it waits, the mob inside the block will spin faster and faster. Except for spawning on a solid block, all of the usual requirements for spawning must be met (not in a solid block, correct light level, etc.), so the spawner will often produce fewer than 4 mobs. When it does spawn, it will "poof", and more lightless flames will temporarily appear around the Spawn block. If the block fails to spawn any mobs because it did not pick any suitable locations, it will repeat this process every tick until it succeeds. Only when it manages to spawn at least one mob will it start waiting for the next cycle. If, at the time of spawning, 6 or more monsters of the block's type are present within a 17 × 9 × 17 area (17 wide and 9 high and 17 long), centered on the spawner block, the spawner "poofs" without creating any monsters and then waits for the next cycle. However, if there are more of the mob outside of the specified range, then the monster spawner will continue spawning mobs indefinitely.

Note that while mobs are spawned at an integer y coordinate, the x and z coordinates are fractions (i.e. not aligned to blocks). Mobs will spawn with their legs at either the same level as the spawner block, one block above it, or one block below it, but horizontally, a mob can spawn with its center point anywhere within the 8 × 8 range. For mobs that are two or more blocks wide, the extra horizontal space must be added to the range of the spawner to get the full dimensions of the area they can potentially occupy.

Spawners can be given unusual entity IDs like Minecart or Boat to make a decorative block with the named entity spinning inside the cage. However, when the spawner attempts to spawn such an entity, the game will crash. In Minecraft versions above 1.2.5, this is no longer the case.

In Peaceful difficulty, Monster Spawner blocks will still appear, but any spawned hostile mobs will disappear the instant they spawn. (Zombie Pigmen, Magma Cubes, and Ghasts will not spawn at all.) This makes it easy to make the traps without being troubled by the mobs. The brief instant that the monster exists in the world before being removed is enough time for the player to be pushed around, for the sound file to play, and occasionally for Skeletons to fire arrows.

Detailed spawning algorithm
This pseudo-code is derived from the decompiled source of 1.4.2. every spawn cycle (every randInt(200,799) ticks when a player is within   17 blocks of the spawner), loop 4 times { if there are 6 or more of the mob type in the 17x9x17 area around the spawner, skip this spawn cycle calculate spawnerX = X coordinate of center of spawner - 0.5 calculate spawnerY = Y coordinate of center of spawner - 0.5 calculate spawnerZ = Z coordinate of center of spawner - 0.5 calculate x coordinate of mob = spawnerX + (randDouble - randDouble) * 4, randDouble being a random number between 0 and 1 calculate y coordinate of mob = spawnerY + a random integer between -1 and 1 calculate z coordinate of mob = spawnerZ + (randDouble - randDouble) * 4, randDouble being a random number between 0 and 1 if all of the conditions specific to the mob type are met, spawn the mob { chicken, cow, mooshroom, pig, sheep, wolf: block below spawning block is grass spawning block has a light level of 9 or higher

ocelot: pass a 2/3 random test block below spawning block is grass or leaves on layer 63 or higher

creeper, enderman, skeleton, spider, cave spider, zombie: light level 8 or less

blaze: light level 11 or less

silverfish: light level 11 or less, or on Stone blocks no players within 5 blocks

slime: difficulty is not set to peaceful or slime size is small either: spawn block y coordinate is less than 40 the chunk containing the spawn block is a slime chunk (1 in 10 chance) pass a 1 in 10 random test or: swamp biome, layer 51 through 69, light level 8 or less ghast: pass a 1 in 20 random test squid: must not collide with any other entities must be in layer 46-62

all except squid and slimes: must not collide with any blocks or other entities must not collide with water or lava } } if all 4 mobs failed to spawn, repeat on the next tick

Custom Spawners
Monster Spawners are capable of much more than they are used for in vanilla Minecraft. Using external tools, they can be customized in many ways, for example: Detailed technical information about custom spawners can be found in the chunk format reference.
 * They can be made to spawn any kind of entity, including any mob, items, minecarts, boats, falling blocks, primed TNT, and so on.
 * A single spawner can spawn multiple different entities, chosen at random from a list.
 * Properties can be set on the spawned entites, such as their location, velocity, inventory, potion effects, and much much more.
 * Various range and timing properties of the spawner can be altered.

Bugs

 * If a Monster Spawner is destroyed in multiplayer or singleplayer by a server process (e.g. TNT, or being removed using a plugin such as WorldEdit) the block will be deleted, but the flames inside will remain, until the client/player logs off and back onto the server. (Tested on Xbox 360 and PC)
 * The 16x16x16 spherical area ( tested not 16x16x16 but just 16 exact distance) that the player has to be in for the Monster Spawner to be active is two blocks higher than it should be. However, the particle effects that indicate activity are tied to the correct area, so even if flames are visible in the spawner block you might have to go up two more blocks for the Monster Spawner to actually spawn mobs.
 * If you shoot an Arrow at a Monster Spawner, in a dark room, in Creative Mode, The flames will grow very glitchy, with the appearance of many different spawners on top of each other (condensed). (Only tested on multiplayer)
 * In 12w27a, spawners show pigs, but spawn the correct mob.
 * If the player has the difficulty set to Peaceful, skeletons will still have time to shoot an arrow at the player before they despawn.
 * Endermen in spawners have white eyes, because it only uses the texture "mob\enderman.png" in minecraft.jar, not the one from "mob\endermaneyes.png".
 * If viewed from 17+ blocks, a spawner that spawns a large mob (Ender Dragon, Giant, or Ghast) will glitch, and the miniature mob inside the spawner will not spin, instead spinning a little, returning to its original position, then repeating this sequence.

Trivia

 * As of version 12w22a, mining a mob spawner gives 15–43 experience, similar to coal, lapis lazuli, redstone, diamond and emerald ores. A stack of spawners when mined will give roughly 40 lvl.
 * It is possible to choose which mob a spawner will spawn, but unless you know what each mob in its tile data is, this will be difficult.
 * Since monster spawners are stored as tile entities, they cannot be pushed by pistons.
 * It is possible for a monster spawner to occur near the surface and completely buried in sand, with monsters spawning in small gaps underneath sandstone.
 * Unlike most other transparent blocks, it is possible to place torches on a monster spawner.
 * It is possible for two monster spawners to naturally occur directly side-by-side.
 * As of version 1.2.5, monster spawners are available in creative mode by using the Pick Block button on a natural generated monster spawner. When placed, they will spawn pigs, if there is a grass block in the vicinity of the spawner.
 * The traditional torch on the spawner may not be sufficient to completely disable it. Lighting the walls as well is safer.
 * When mining near a monster spawner that has no valid places to spawn, sometimes a monster will spawn immediately after a block is mined. The player should take caution for this reason while collecting Moss Stone from a dungeon but hasn't destroyed the monster spawner.  It's speculated this might happen because the spawner gets a chance to spawn before the lighting calculation for the space the block occupied.
 * A monster spawner may spawn 1, 2, 3 or even 4 mobs at once
 * If the game is set on Peaceful, the mobs will spawn, but will immediately de-spawn, as usual. In some cases, mobs will play their sound file before they de-spawn. It is also possible for a skeleton to shoot its arrow at the player before it de-spawns.
 * If the player is not within range, the miniature mob inside the spawner will stop spinning, and the mob spawner will stop emitting fire particles, along with not working all together.
 * The miniature mob inside the mob spawner will spin faster when it is about to spawn monsters. There are set minimum and maximum speeds for which the miniature mob can rotate.
 * Zombie Pigmen spawners cannot be disabled with light. They can spawn at any light level.
 * As of 1.0.1, Monster Spawners now show a miniature figure of the mob they will spawn (Single Player only, Xbox 360 Edition).
 * It is possible that minecarts with spawners may be added through map editing in the future, as shown in this snapshot.
 * The miniature mob inside the monster spawner is an actual mob of that type. Thus, if a spawner is configured to spawn Ender Dragons or Withers, their boss health bar is visible while looking at the spawner.