Resource pack



The resource pack system provides a way for players to customize textures, models, music, sounds, languages, texts such as the end poem, splashes, credits, and fonts without any code modification.

Behavior
Resource packs can be placed in the folder  within the   folder. Each resource pack is either a sub-folder or a  file within the   folder. Once in the folder, a resource pack can be added from the options, where resource packs can be moved between "Available resource packs" and "Selected resource packs". "Selected resource packs" also contain the default assets on the bottom, which cannot be removed.

Resource packs load their assets based on the order of the packs on the list. The bottom-most pack loads first, then each pack placed above it replaces assets of the same name with its assets.

Default resource packs
A resource pack can be bundled with a world by saving it under the name  and placing it directly in the world's folder. When playing the world, that resource pack appears as the default right above the default resource pack. A default resource pack can also be set on a server by adding a link to a  file download after the line   in the server properties file. Users can still opt out of using the resource pack or choose not to download it, however.

The old (pre-1.14) textures are available in a resource pack titled "Programmer Art". These textures are not updated when the game receives new textures.

Folder structure
More than one directory for different namespaces may exist under the directory.

Contents
A resource pack is identified by Minecraft based on the presence of the file  in the root directory, which contains a JSON file with the following information:


 * The root tag
 * Holds the resource pack information
 * Pack version. If this number does not match the current required number, the resource pack displays an error and requires additional confirmation to load the pack. See for a full list of pack format numbers.
 * : Text shown below the pack name in the resource pack menu. The text is shown on two lines. If the text is too long it is truncated.
 * : Contains a raw JSON text object that is shown instead as the pack description in the resource pack menu. Same behavior as the  version of the   tag, but they cannot exist together.
 * : Contains additional languages to add to the language menu
 * Language code for a language, corresponding to a .json file with the same name in the folder assets//lang.
 * : The full name of the language
 * : The country or region name
 * : If true, the language reads right to left.

The root directory also contains an optional image called pack.png, which appears as the thumbnail for the pack on the resource pack selection menu.

Pack format
The table below describes the version range using each pack format number:

Language
Resource packs can create language files of the type  in the folder. Each file either replaces information from a file of the same name in the default or a lower pack, or it creates a new language as defined by.

Each line in the  file is in the standard json format of   followed by a comma in case it is followed by another value in the next line. is the name that the game looks for to determine the name for something, and as such it should not be changed. is the name that is displayed. For example, stone in the default language file is, with   being the identifier, and   being the displayed name. Blank lines are ignored. The file needs to be valid JSON syntax, meaning it starts with a, has a comma after every key value pair except the last one, and ends with a.

Language files need to add only those lines that are changed by the pack. Any names that are not in the pack are loaded from the pack below, or default if no pack changes the names.

Models
Models are files in JSON format with the extension, which determine the shape and textures of blocks and items.

Blocks use a block state file from  to determine which model is loaded for each variant from the folder. Meanwhile, each item has an item model in  to determine its model, which either loads from a block's model, contains data for its own custom model, or uses the default "flat" or "entity" model.

Models and block states used in packs below the top one are still loaded unless overridden in the top pack, which may cause some textures and models used by the top pack to no longer be loaded.

Sounds
Resource packs load additional sounds with the file type of. Each sound placed in the pack overrides the sounds from packs below, and packs also contain a file called  which is placed within. Unlike most other files in resource packs,  merges sound information from packs below the top pack, rather than each   file overriding the previous completely.

Textures


For block or item textures to function, they must have equal width and height (or height that is a multiple of the width if animated); otherwise it appears as a magenta and black checkerboard. For most other textures, the file is stretched to fit the required dimensions.

Most solid blocks turn any transparent area fully opaque. Some other blocks, which have "cutout" transparency (like glass) turn all pixels that are less than 10% opaque fully transparent and all other pixels completely opaque. Every other block renders textures with semi-transparency as-is. All items and any blocks or entities which are semi-transparent by default support semi-transparency.

If a file does not exist in any resource pack, including the default, it appears as a magenta and black checkerboard texture using the colors ( and ).

Animation
Block and item textures support animation by placing each additional frame below the last. The animation is then controlled using a  file in JSON format with the same name and   at the end of the filename, in the same directory. For example, the  file for   would be.


 * The root tag
 * : Contains data for the animation
 * : If true, Minecraft generates additional frames between frames with a frame time greater than 1 between them. Defaults to.
 * : The width of the tile, as a direct ratio rather than in pixels. This is unused in vanilla's files but can be used by resource packs to have frames that are not perfect squares.
 * : The height of the tile as a ratio rather than in pixels. This is unused in vanilla's files but can be used by resource packs to have frames that are not perfect squares.
 * : Sets the default time for each frame in increments of one game tick. Defaults to.
 * : Contains a list of frames. Defaults to displaying all the frames from top to bottom.
 * A number corresponding to position of a frame from the top, with the top frame being 0.
 * A frame specifies a frame with additional data.
 * : A number corresponding to position of a frame from the top, with the top frame being 0.
 * : The time in ticks to show this frame, overriding "frametime" above.

If the  file does not exist in the pack and the texture does, the game assumes the texture is not animated, rather than loading a   file from a pack below that pack. If no  file exists for a texture with unequal dimensions, the texture appears as a purple and black checkerboard.

Villagers
Textures from  and   support a   file in JSON format containing additional effects to apply to the hat layer. The file is contained in the same directory as the texture, and has the same name as the texture, except appended with. For example, the file  can have a properties file called


 * The root tag
 * : Contains data for the texture
 * : Whether the villager type's hat layer should still render (default), or not full.

If the  file does not exist in the pack and the texture does, the game loads the default settings, rather than loading a   file from a pack below that pack.

Colormaps
Colormaps are 256×256 pixel images which tell the game which color to use in each biome. They are located in. The game contains two colormaps,  which colors plants such as leaves (except birch and spruce) and vines, and   which colors grass and grass blocks. Colormaps can be disabled on individual blocks by removing the  tag from the block model.

Properties

 * Textures from  support a   file in JSON format containing additional effects to apply to the texture. The file is contained in the same directory as the texture, and has the same name as the texture, except appended with  . For example, the file   can have a properties file called


 * The root tag
 * : Contains data for the texture
 * : Causes the texture to blur when viewed from close up. Defaults to
 * : Causes the texture to stretch instead of tiling in cases where it otherwise would, such as on the shadow. Defaults to
 * : Custom mipmap values for the texture

If the  file does not exist in the pack and the texture does, the game loads the default settings, rather than loading a    file from a pack below that pack.

Texts
Two  files in UTF-8 format and one   file exist in   which are used by the game to determine the text to display.

The file  contains the text of the end poem, using formatting codes to apply the colors to the two speakers, and with the text   being replaced with the player's name. After that file is shown, the contents of  are shown.

The file  contains lines of text separated using line breaks to determine the splashes to display in-game. Any splash can be replaced with different text.

Fonts
A font file is a JSON file located at  within a resource pack and contains a list of providers that each tie a character set to a resource location along with some extra information. The default font is defined by the font  while the default font used by enchantment tables is defined by the font. The resource locations given in font providers should also include the file extensions.


 * The root tag
 * : A list of providers that are merged onto this font.
 * A font provider. The contents depend on the value of the  tag.
 * : The type of the font provider. Can be one of the following:
 * bitmap: A bitmap font.
 * : The resource location of the used file, starting from . Must not be larger than 256x256 in either dimension.
 * : Optional. The height of the character, measured in pixels. Can be negative. This tag is separate from the area used in the source texture and just rescales the displayed result. Default is 8.
 * : The ascent of the character, measured in pixels. This value adds a vertical shift to the displayed result.
 * : A list of strings containing the characters replaced by this provider, as well as their order within the texture. All elements must describe the same number of characters. The texture is split into one equally sized row for each element of this list. Each row is split into one equally sized character for each character within one list element.
 * legacy_unicode: A legacy unicode font. This format is deprecated and only prioritized when the "Force Unicode Font" option is turned on.
 * : The resource location inside  describing a binary file describing the horizontal start and end positions for each character from 0 to 15. The file extension of the target file should be.
 * : The resource location inside  that leads to the texture files that should be used for this provider. The game replaces   from the value of this tag with the first two characters of the hex code of the replaced characters, so a single provider of this type can point into multiple texture files.
 * ttf: A TrueType font.
 * : The resource location of the TrueType font file within.
 * : The distance by which the characters of this provider are shifted.
 * Left shift
 * Downwards shift
 * : Font size to render at.
 * : Resolution to render at.
 * : String or array of strings to exclude.

Font texture sheets will automatically be resized based on the amount of characters in each array line, and some sheets may use a 16-character wide sheet, in order to conform with a Unicode block.

Default textures
The texture files of the default fonts contain a grid of white characters, which are automatically colored by Minecraft as needed in-game. The character sizes are automatically determined based on the last line of pixels containing any alpha value. Due to the way fonts are detected, filling the background of a character with a color containing a 5% alpha background causes the full width to render without generally having a visible background to the character. The default font character is 8×8 pixels, while  is 9×12 pixels.


 * Glyphs 0x20 (space) through 0x7E (tilde) display the standard ASCII characters
 * Glyphs 0x7F through 0xFF (y with diaeresis) display the Code page 437 characters

The default texture is located in. It contains these non-script characters:

░ ▒ ▓ │ ┤ ╡ ╢ ╖ ╕ ╣ ║ ╗ ╝ ╜ ╛ ┐ └ ┴ ┬ ├ ─ ┼ ╞ ╟  ╚ ╔ ╩ ╦ ╠ ═ ╬ ╧ ╨ ╤ ╥ ╙ ╘ ╒ ╓ ╫ ╪ ┘ ┌ █ ▄  ▌▐▀ ≡ ± ≥ ≤ ⌠ ⌡ ÷ ≈ ° ∙ · √ ⁿ ² ■

A texture sheet in  contains many accented characters and most of the symbols Minecraft supports. It contains these non-script symbols:

⧈ ⚔ ☠ ¢ ¤ ¥ © ® µ ¶ ¼ ½ ¾ · ‐ ‚ † ‡ • ‱ ′ ″ ‴ ‵ ‶ ‷ ‹ › ※ ‼ ‽ ⁂ ⁈ ⁉  ⁋ ⁎ ⁏ ⁑ ⁒ ⁗ ℗ − ∓ ∞ ☀ ☁ ☈ Є ☲ ☵ ☽ ♀ ♂ ⚥ ♠ ♣ ♥ ♦ ♩ ♪ ♫ ♬ ♭ ♮ ♯ ⚀ ⚁ ⚂ ⚃ ⚄ ⚅ ʬ ⚡ ⛏ ✔ ❄ ❌ ❤ ⭐ ⸘ ⸮ ⸵ ⸸ ⹁ ⹋ ⥝ ᘔ Ɛ ⅋ ⏏ ⏩ ⏪ ⏭ ⏮ ⏯ ⏴ ⏵ ⏶ ⏷ ⏸ ⏹ ⏺ ⏻ ⏼ ⏽ ⭘ ▲ ▶ ▼ ◀ ● ◦ ◘  ⚓ ⛨ � ☺ ☻ ¦ ☹ ⅔ ✉ ☂ ☔ ☄ ⛄ ☃ ⌛ ⌚ ⚐ ✎ ❣ ♤ ♧ ♡ ♢ ⛈ ☰ ☱ ☳ ☴ ☶ ☷ ↔ ⇒ ⇏ ⇔ ⇵ ∀ ∃ ∄ ∉ ∋ ∌ ⊂ ⊃ ⊄ ⊅ ∧ ∨ ⊻ ⊼ ⊽ ∥ ≢ ⋆ ∑ ⊤ ⊥ ⊢ ⊨ ≔ ∁ ∴ ∵ ∛ ∜ ∂ ⋃ ⊆ ⊇ □ △ ▷ ▽ ◁ ◆ ◇ ○ ◎ ☆ ★ ✘ ₀ ₁ ₂ ₃ ₄ ₅ ₆ ₇ ₈ ₉ ₊ ₋ ₌ ₍ ₎ ∫ ∮ ∝ ⌀ ⌂ ⌘ 〒 ɼ

A secondary texture is located in. It supports most basic accented characters, Greek letters, Cyrillic characters, as well as some enclosed alphanumerics and other symbols. Aside from non-symbols, it contains these characters:

⚠ ⓪ ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ ⑩ ⑪ ⑫ ⑬ ⑭ ⑮ ⑯ ⑰ ⑱ ⑲ ⑳ Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ Ⓓ Ⓔ Ⓕ Ⓖ Ⓗ Ⓘ Ⓙ Ⓚ Ⓛ Ⓜ Ⓝ Ⓞ Ⓟ Ⓠ Ⓡ Ⓢ Ⓣ Ⓤ Ⓥ Ⓦ Ⓧ Ⓨ Ⓩ ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ ⓓ ⓔ ⓕ ⓖ ⓗ ⓘ ⓙ ⓚ ⓛ ⓜ ⓝ ⓞ ⓟ ⓠ ⓡ ⓢ ⓣ ⓤ ⓥ ⓦ ⓧ ⓨ ⓩ ☯ ☐ ☑ ☒ ⅒ ⅘

The default texture used when displaying the Standard Galactic Alphabet (a.k.a. the enchanting text or "alien font") is.

Legacy Unicode
As a fallback for untextured characters, Minecraft uses GNU Unifont. Each sheet of characters is stored following the format of, where ## are the hexadecimal numbers 00 through FF. These pages are 16x16 pixels, and appear small and rough in-game. They are not aligned left-most correctly, and the version of Unifont used is v9.0.04, and is outdated as of 1.16.5. It provides the support for the CJK characters as well as other scripts.

The Unifont entries use a  for recording glyph widths. Each entry is one byte large; the higher nibble records the starting position while the lower records the ending position in the 16x16 glyph grid. For example, a square character occupying the entire grid (pixel #0 through #15) would have a byte of 0x0f.

The  and   systems theoretically works for any Unicode font, but it is unclear how SMP points are handled if at all.

Emojis
Since 1.15, Minecraft can support UTF-16 sequences for emojis, or any character in the Unicode SMP plane.

For the emoji to be read properly in the array of the font file, the character can either:
 * be split from its' UTF-16 codepoint into two UTF-8 codepoints (surrogates); for example,
 * be input directly

The first method is used in the standard font file, but either works equally well. To convert a character into a surrogate pair, one can use the following equations, where C is the codepoint in decimal:


 * High Surrogate (first): $(C − 65536) / (1024 + 55296)$
 * Low Surrogate (second): $C − 65536$

As of 1.17, Minecraft has default support for the following emojis: 🔥 🌊 🗡 🏹 🪓 🔱 🎣 🧪 ✂ 🍖 🪣 🔔 ⏳

Shadows
If the Chat Shadows option is enabled in Options, a shadow appears beneath every character. This shadow is a copy of the character's bitmap, with the brightness subtracted by 90%, and positioned 12.5% south-west of the character, relative to its spacing. Regardless of the resolution of the character's texture, the shadow is always moved by 12.5%. In the default font, the shadow is equivalent to being moved 1 pixel down and right.

Glowing text
Glow ink on a sign will cause a character to create eight copies of itself, similarly to the shadows, but in all eight directions. This results in the default font appearing to have a thick outline.

Texture sheets
Minecraft generally does not store multiple different textures on sheets and instead stores them on separate files. Two current exceptions are map icons and experience orbs as well as minecarts.

Shaders
Shaders are a way for resource packs to change how the game renders. They are written in OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL).

Template
The folder structure of Vanilla Resource Pack:

Behavior
Similarly to skins, resource packs can be bought or made $$. All users can download resource packs on the system itself with the  file names, if the game platform allows file importation. When these files are opened, they are automatically imported into the game without any need for file system access.

Default packs
One or more resource packs can be bundled with a world in the world settings or files. When playing the world, that resource pack appears as the default right above the default resource pack. A default resource pack can also be set on a server by adding a putting the in the  folder and bundling it with the world. Users can opt out of using the resource pack or choose not to download it if the option is disabled in the server settings.

Trivia



 * The old pack.png file was screenshotted from Alpha v1.2.2, the seed being.
 * The screenshot was taken approximately at X=49.16, Z=0.72, facing RX=-119.23, RY=-8.297.
 * How to generate the exact same world and make the exact same screenshot: https://pastebin.com/CmsEKDev.