Silverfish

Silverfish are small, bug-like hostile mobs which have silver skin and black eyes that hide in Monster Eggs most often found in strongholds, but occasionally found beneath extreme hills and extreme hills edge biomes. There are three types of Monster Eggs: Stone, Cobblestone, and Stone Brick Monster Eggs. Each of them look identical to normal blocks, but take slightly more time to mine than normal with a pickaxe, and will take noticeably less time to mine without one. When the block is mined, the silverfish pops out and attacks. Destroying the blocks via Creepers or TNT simply kills the silverfish. In regular gameplay, Silverfish are commonly found in strongholds and rarely in extreme hills biome. If left alone, silverfish can re-enter some blocks, namely cobblestone, regular stone, and stone bricks.

As of 1.0.0 (and possibly earlier), Silverfish can cause damage to a player. The coding behind them allows this to occur when a silverfish is touching a player and a change of the Y-coordinate of either the player or silverfish occurs. This can easily kill a player, since - in a confined space - receiving damage causes the player to perform a short "hop," which counts as a Y-coord change, which allows for the silverfish to damage the player again as the player is coming back down from the initial damage hop. Formerly, Silverfish could not damage the player directly, but would scurry towards the player and push them around, with the tendency to be irritating and potentially dangerous.

When attacked (but not killed), Silverfish may awaken other Silverfish blocks within a 21x11x21 block area around them. This can lead to a terrifying swarm if there are enough in the vicinity, and an uncontrolled swarm can quickly destroy dozens of stone bricks within a Stronghold. They scurry away after the player moves a short distance.

Spawning
Silverfish don't spawn naturally, but they can spawn from Monster Eggs and monster spawners, which are only found in strongholds and randomly underground in Extreme Hills biomes from silverfish blocks when broken. When spawning from monster spawners, they can only spawn in light level 11 or lower, except on top of stone blocks, where they can spawn at any light level. They also cannot spawn within a 5 block distance of any player. These restrictions only apply when spawning from a monster spawner, and not from a Silverfish block.

Combat
The safest way to engage silverfish is by standing on top of a 2-block tall pillar, which will prevent the silverfish from pushing or damaging you. You can then kill already-spawned silverfish by dumping a bucket of lava on them, which does not count as an attack and so doesn't cause any more to spawn. Other non-combat attacks such as dropping gravel on them will also work (and will be somewhat safer for you).

Using Poison Splash Potions can be considered the worst way of dealing with Silverfish, as each damage tick they take from poison, it'll alert other Silverfish in the area. When they re-enter a block, they are cured of the poison and restore any lost health from it.

If a Silverfish is killed in one hit, such as with a Diamond Sword enchanted with Sharpness I, it will not alert other Silverfish.

History
The texture, silverfish.png, was added in the /mobs folder in the Beta 1.7 update, though the mob itself was not yet present. This was due to Beta 1.7 being most of Jeb's new content at that point for the first part of the Adventure Update, and Silverfish had apparently been completed prior to the release of Beta 1.7 by Jeb.

In Beta 1.8, Silverfish were properly implemented. They could only be found by mining certain blocks with the appearance of Stone Bricks in Strongholds.


 * Silverfish made the same noises as Spiders in 1.8. This was a placeholder and new sounds were made, but not yet implemented at the time.


 * As of Beta 1.9 Pre-Release 3, a Silverfish Spawner can be found in the End Portal room in Strongholds.


 * Before Beta 1.9 pre3, Silverfish had hit points.


 * In Snapshot 12w17a, the Monster Eggs had names in their tooltips, as since the previous snapshot they were now available using cheats.


 * In 12w21b update, silverfish stone blocks were added to the Creative inventory.


 * In Snapshot 12w38a, Stone Monster Egg blocks will rarely generate underground in extreme hills biomes.

Bugs

 * Silverfish will suffocate and can die if they crawl through a Portal block.
 * In multiplayer, even when monsters are turned off, Silverfish will still spawn.
 * If many pistons are pushing Silverfish then some will go through the pistons.
 * Even if mobGriefing gamerule is set to false, silverfish will still be able to enter or exit stone-based blocks/monster eggs.

Trivia

 * In real life, silverfish are small, wingless arthropods that are often found in dark areas in buildings and the wooden pilings of seaside piers and trees. They are infamous for damaging paper-based products.
 * Real Silverfish are very small, no larger than a few inches. During cold temperatures they are known to enter a sort of "hibernation" by expelling most of the water in their body. During this state they greatly resemble small stones or gravel, likely inspiring their Minecraft counterparts.
 * There are also small ray-finned fish called Silverfish. These were proven unrelated after a tweet from Jeb.
 * Monster Eggs are mined at the same speed regardless of the tool used.
 * This can be used as an advantage if one wants to remove a known Monster Egg block with a sword to be better prepared for the consequence.
 * As of 1.8, they spawn additional Silverfish from nearby Monster Eggs and blocks containing escaped Silverfish when attacked. Blocks are destroyed in the process of spawning.
 * TNT can help avoid this problem since Silverfish hiding in blocks appear to only emerge if the block is broken directly by the player. As of release 1.7.2 this may not be true, since exploding creepers can cause silverfish to emerge.
 * Silverfish do drown in water when forced under by a block above or something similar. This is because in real life, Silverfish are in no way related to fish other than the fact that they swim.
 * Silverfish can be killed with fire, lava or explosions without the Silverfish turning hostile, preventing them from calling in more allies, so long as the player does not hit them directly.
 * Silverfish can ride in minecarts like all mobs but only seem to get into them when jumping, they push them around when just crawling into them.
 * Monster Eggs are often used in some servers as a form of griefing, in which the griefer places them in players' houses, and the player gets attacked by silverfish as soon as they break it. It is also possible to create stairs, bridges or flying platforms out of Monster Eggs. When a player breaks a block (to open a chest, for example), a silverfish will spawn. Inexperienced players will attack the silverfish on sight, resulting in more spawning, which will cause the death or stranding of the player by falling or silverfish attacks.
 * They're also bad news because they can destroy stone.
 * Monster Eggs can be found by almost breaking blocks in stronghold (though actually breaking them is not a good idea) with your hands, as a silverfish block breaks like wool with your hand.
 * Monster Eggs can be pushed and pulled with sticky pistons without breaking. This allows for traps with Monster Eggs exactly where you want them completely legitimately. This is very easy but it takes a long time. To do this you simply place a piston facing a silverfish block (Monster Eggs can be found by trying to mine blocks with your hands) and then operating the piston with a power source (for example a redstone torch or a lever), repeating until the block is where you want it.
 * When the difficulty is set at peaceful, breaking a Monster Egg will make a puff of smoke as it would when spawning a silverfish, but the silverfish despawns instantly, similar to how mob spawners act during peaceful difficulty.
 * Silverfish do not stop and look around like most other land mobs; they constantly scurry around even when not in chase of anything (Tested in Minecraft Beta RC2)
 * The silverfish, cave spider, and spider are the only hostile mobs that are also real animals, however their size is greatly exaggerated.
 * If silverfish hides into cracked, mossy, or chiseled stone brick, then the block's texture will change into regular stone brick, as they use the same data value and there is no separate type of Monster Egg for the variants of Stone Brick.
 * Silverfish are the smallest mob, bats being second smallest, chickens third.
 * Blocks that contain silverfish normally don't drop when broken and instead spawn the silverfish, but breaking these blocks with Silk Touch enchantment will yield the block as well as spawn the silverfish.