Kelp

"Kelp is the first plant to utilise a new kind of visual feature: Animation. Before, the only things that [were] animated were either particles or the lava/water and some other solid blocks. But we never animated a plant that used transparency. This was a new challenge for the style of Minecraft - as it has never been done before, we had no frame of reference to adapt the animation style to - so we had to find it."

- Jasper Boerstra

Kelp is a non-solid plant block that generates in all oceans. It has an item form that can be smelted to dried kelp, a food item which in turn can be crafted into dried kelp blocks, a furnace fuel and building block.

Obtaining
Kelp can be mined instantly with any tool or without a tool. Breaking one part of a kelp stalk will destroy all kelp blocks above it. Each block has an undetermined chance to drop a kelp item.

Natural generation
Kelp naturally generates in any ocean biomes, except frozen and warm oceans, near and around seagrass.

Growth Mechanics
Kelp can be planted on a broad variety of blocks, but it will only grow underwater if it has either a source block of water or flowing water above it. In case that there is flowing water above it, the kelp plant will transform the flowing water into a water source block when it grows into it. Neither players nor dispensers can remove the water source block a kelp grows in without breaking the kelp first.

Kelp can grow in complete darkness and does not require any light level to grow. Kelp also grows without having sky access.

Kelp, when planted, is generated with a randomly chosen age value, which can be checked when pressing F3. The age value of a newly planted kelp plant varies randomly between 0 and 24. Each time the kelp grows in height by one block, the newly generated top of the kelp plant increases its age by 1. When the top block of the kelp plant reaches an age of 25, it will stop growing. This means that kelp can naturally grow to a height between 2 (if the first kelp plant had an age of 24) and 26 blocks (if the first kelp plant had an age of 0).

Interestingly, when breaking the very top of an age 25 kelp plant the kelp plant block underneath it will have its age randomized again to a value between 0 and 24 and continue to grow until it reaches age 25 again. It is possible to use this mechanic to cultivate a kelp plant to further increase its growth height beyond its natural maximum height of 26 blocks. This can be done by breaking the very top of the kelp plant each time it reaches age 25. A kelp plant cultivated by a player in this way repeatedly grows until it reaches sky limit.

Derived from tests, rough estimates about the growth rate of a kelp plant suggest that every time it receives a block update (about once per minute) a kelp plant has a probability of 10% to grow.

Usage
Kelp can be placed underwater by hand, or anywhere by the use of commands such as. Placing it by hand will give it a random age value between 0 and 19. Kelp can only be placed in water source blocks, not flowing water.

Besides for decoration, kelp can be used to turn flowing water into water source blocks, which can be useful for faster bubble elevator creation.

Block state
kelp

Trivia

 * In real life, kelp isn't considered a plant, but rather an algae.