Tree

Trees are generated structures of wood and leaf blocks, created when a map chunk is generated or grown from a planted sapling. They are found in most biomes, and are abundant in forest-related biomes. There are six "base" species of trees – oak trees, spruce trees, birch trees, jungle trees, acacia trees, and dark oak trees. All can grow in many shapes and sizes.



Structure
Their natural height varies widely, but most have a minimum height of 5 blocks (4 wood and 1 leaf), ranging up to 30 blocks for the "giant" Jungle trees.

The tree canopy is composed of leaf blocks, and grows 1 block higher than the highest wood block (This does not apply to the giant oak tree, as the leaves grow 3 blocks higher). The canopy may begin from the ground, (for the shorter "bush trees" in the jungle) and go up to 6 blocks from the ground (for the tallest trees). Tree canopies appear to be generated from roughly spherical clusters of leaves about 5–7 blocks across, centered on sections of trunk or branches. Leaves must be supported by an adjacent trunk (or leaf blocks connected to the trunk), otherwise they will wither and disappear.

Giant oak and giant jungle trees grow branches (wood blocks connected horizontally, vertically or diagonally to the trunk or other branches). Most of the time, a single tree will have between one and six branches, and each branch will have between one and six wood blocks. A few trees can have many more. Branches support a much larger canopy than a tree with a single trunk. Birch and spruce trees cannot grow branches. Jungle biomes has a special type: "bush trees" (one block of jungle wood completely covered by leaves).



Growth and Characteristics
See also: Tutorials/Tree Farming



Trees are grown from saplings, which have a 1/20 chance of dropping from leaf blocks when they are destroyed or decay. Some players harvest wood from high-efficiency tree farms. There are six species of saplings, corresponding to the six main trees: oak, birch, spruce, jungle, acacia and dark oak.

The sapling must be planted on a dirt, podzol or grass block, and must have a light level of at least 8 in the sapling block. A sapling will uproot with light level 7 or less in the sapling block itself unless it has an unobstructed view of the sky (except by glass or other fully transparent materials). The sapling must also have at least 4 blocks of space above it; see the individual sections below for space requirements, as they vary between the different types of trees. If there is a ceiling above a sapling, this will limit the maximum height of the tree that can grow from that sapling.

All trees in the active chunk radius around the player make attempts to grow at random intervals. For any given tree this can work out to about 3 attempts per minute, but a tree will usually not grow until nearly 30 minutes have elapsed since planting. When the tree attempts to grow it first checks that it has enough light, then chooses which variation of tree to spawn. For oak trees, it will choose either small or large; for spruce trees, it will choose either short, tall, or very tall. Birch trees only have one growable type, possibly hinting why they grow so fast.

Now that the tree has passed a light check and chosen a size to attempt, it checks if there is space to grow into what it has already (randomly) chosen to become. If it encounters an obstruction during this check, it fails to grow and must wait for the next pass before it can attempt to grow again. This means that a tree in an open field with enough light will grow quite quickly (usually right around the 30 minute mark), but a tree in a tree farm that stunts its size may make several attempts before finally growing.

''If you are standing on a sapling when it turns into a tree you will be trapped inside and begin to suffocate. You can escape by moving or digging. Sometimes this death results in deletion of items.''

Bone meal forces the tree to grow if right clicked as long as all of the normal checks are in place (i.e., light, space, dirt, etc.). It does not guarantee a tree will grow, but forces it to attempt to grow, regardless of light level. The tree must still pass the space check for its randomly chosen type, before it grows. This is important to remember when limiting tree height, as the tree may attempt to grow a tall variant and fail even when all other requirements are met.

Leaves of small oaks (but not large ones) will destroy fences, glass, paintings, stairs, pistons, torches, buttons, ladders and doors due to a mismatch between the tree's actual and test forms. While tree trunks will not grow through solid blocks, the branches of large oaks may grow through (replace) any blocks that are not directly above the trunk, including chests. Oak leaves are unique in being able to grow through leaves of other tree types.

All saplings will grow normally in The Nether and in The End, although they must be planted in dirt transported from the Overworld. Leaf blocks in the Nether have the same color as if they were placed in a desert biome.

Oak trees
Oak trees are unique in several ways compared to birch, spruce, jungle, acacia and dark oak trees. Oak trees have a much smaller space requirement, and while birch, spruce, jungle, acacia and dark oak trees can only grow through other leaves of their own type, oak trees will grow into any other leaf block.

They come in several variants with widely different properties:
 * 1) Small oak trees are the most commonly encountered, and resemble birch trees in their shape and size. They require no horizontal clearance at the base, 1 block around the main trunk, 2 blocks from the top of the trunk up to the ceiling and 6-8 blocks of vertical clearance. Thus, a small oak tree can grow in a 1 deep hole, but not a 2 deep hole. Just as jungle trees, their growth will not be hindered by wood, leaves, dirt and saplings. The small oak tree was the first tree to exist in Minecraft, dating back to Survival Test.
 * 2) Screentree2.PNG Large oak trees are more uncommon, and have a distinct look and different growth requirements. They often have "branches", outgrowths of wood on the sides of the trunk, or even freestanding and surrounded by leaves. They require 4-14 blocks of open space directly above the sapling to grow (Air or Leaves only) but can otherwise be completely enclosed on all sides. These have existed since Alpha.
 * 3) * A large tree form exists with a single leaf block layer above the minimal 4-block trunk, allowing a tree to rarely grow in a vertical space with a height of only 5, but otherwise the maximum trunk height is 2 less than the vertical space, making the practical minimum height 6.
 * 4) * A large tree can be forced to be grown if a "brace" of non-solid blocks (e.g. glass, or half-slabs) is placed around where the trunk will be, one block off the ground.
 * 5)  In swamp biomes, naturally occurring oak trees tend to grow in the water. Unlike oak trees in other biomes, which typically have a slightly conical or pointed canopy, all swamp trees have round, flat topped canopies, and may have vines hanging down. Read more about this tree in the Ungrowable Trees section.
 * 6) Sometimes, a small ball-shaped oak tree will grow. They will grow even if there is a block obstructing them; they simply grow around that block. They usually contain 4 blocks of wood, but some may contain more.

Spruce trees


Spruce trees, also known as pine trees, grow from spruce saplings and have growth patterns and requirements very similar to birch trees, though they look very different. They are mainly found in the Taiga biome, but they may also generate in Extreme Hills, Cold Taiga, and Mega Taiga biomes. Spruce wood has the same texture as oak wood, but it is a darker shade of brown, while its leaves are more dense, with a darker and more blueish tone.

There are two different forms of these trees that may grow from any spruce saplings:
 * A regular variant with a height similar to oak trees.
 * A large 2×2 variant that generates in the Mega Taiga biome and can be grown from spruce saplings arranged in a 2x2 square, with or without bonemeal. They are commonly called "Redwoods" or "Mega Spruce Trees".

The leaves of the short variant tend to grow in discrete rows rather than the more "spherical" arrangement of oaks and birch trees, while the tall variants tend to have very few leaves, concentrated at the top.

Like birch trees, they do not grow branches, and have a larger space requirement than oaks. This minimum space requirement is one block taller than the birch, at 5×5×8 blocks, and as with birch trees, they will not grow if any blocks occupy this volume.

The trees with leaves at the very top are usually called pine trees, while the ones with leaves all around are more commonly called spruce trees.

Birch trees


Birch trees look fairly similar to small oak trees in terms of height, and with leaves of a paler color, however, they stand out with their unique, white bark. They are most commonly found in birch forest biomes.

There are two types of birch tree: a straight trunk that never grows branches, like a small oak tree, and a rare,taller tree which only generates in Birch Forest M biomes. The trunk will grow to be 5, 6, or 7 blocks tall. Birch trees usually always have leaves at least 2 blocks above the ground, whereas oak trees may be as low as 1 (at least when in forest biomes). See below for how their leaves grow. Because there is only one type, birch trees are the preferred type for automated tree farms.

The smallest birch tree requires a 5×6 (diameter×height) volume of free space, whilst the tallest tree requires 5×8 volume. The volume starts at one meter above the base of the sapling, that is completely empty of anything but leaves of any type. The topmost 5×5 layer above the tree is always empty space. Birch trees will not grow if this space is obstructed by other blocks (including torches). This behavior is different from oak trees, which will grow regardless of obstructions (usually not growing into the obstructed area). Dark wood trees behave similarly (see below).

Birch trees may grow faster than oak trees. A birch tree has been seen growing from sapling to fully grown tree in under 1 day. It looks like they skip the 30 minute delay entirely; in very rare cases they even grow within one minute. This has been reported for SSP and SMP.

Birch trees yield a type of wood that can be made into unique white Wood Planks, and other trees yield planks of different shades of brown.

Birch leaf distribution

Birch trees will always grow an absolute minimum of 50 leaves, which bodes well for the player considering the 1-in-20 chance for those leaves to drop saplings. If one is lucky, a birch tree may grow a maximum of 60 leaves. The leaf distributions are shown visually to the right, each table cell representing one 'slice' of the tree viewed from above. The glass blocks represent a barrier, while the cyan flowers represent areas where leaves may grow, but do not always. The growth pattern, in detail, is as follows:
 * The topmost row is one above the height of the tree, and always has exactly 5 leaves: one above the wood block and four orthogonally adjacent to it, forming a + shape.
 * 5 leaves
 * The second row is the top of the wood trunk, and also has 4 leaves adjacent to it. Diagonal to the wood block will be a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 3 additional leaf blocks.
 * 5 - 7 leaves
 * The third row has the wood in the middle, surrounded orthogonally and diagonally by leaf blocks. Those 8 leaf blocks are also surrounded orthogonally, for an additional 12 leaf blocks. One can think of this as a 5×5 space where every block has leaves except the four corners. These corners are randomly filled with between 0 and 4 leaves, though having all four filled is very rare.
 * 20 - 24 leaves
 * The fourth row generates with the same rules as the third, and thus has a minimum of 20 and a maximum of 24 leaf blocks.
 * 20 - 24 leaves
 * The fifth and sixth (bottom) rows contain no leaves, only the wood block in the center. If the tree is 6 or 7 blocks tall, the additional 1 or 2 rows at the bottom will also be just a wood block.
 * No leaves

Jungle trees


Jungle trees are exclusive to the Jungle biome and have a unique growth system. Jungle tree leaves drop jungle tree saplings, which appear tall and skinny like the jungle tree itself. When planted in grass or dirt they grow into a jungle tree with a 1×1 trunk, unlike the occasional jungle trees with a 2×2 trunk that you find naturally in the jungle biome. For these trees to grow, there must be no blocks adjacent to the sapling up to the height of the tree. In order to grow a 2×2 jungle tree, four jungle saplings must be placed adjacent to each other. For growth to succeed, there may be no blocks adjacent (even diagonally) to the north-western sapling (which is considered the center of the tree) up to the final height of the tree, as well as no blocks 1 block away except at the same level of the sapling (even diagonally). Which sapling the Bone Meal is used on is irrelevant. Large jungle trees can grow up to 32 blocks high; trees as short as 9 blocks have also been observed. Some materials (including wood, leaves, dirt and saplings, but not vines, farmland, or tall grass) block the growth of jungle trees.



2×2 jungle trees will not grow within two spaces of the trunk of another 2×2 tree directly north and west direction of the existing tree. On the south and east directions it will not grow within 3 blocks.

Acacia trees


Acacia trees are only found in the Savanna biome (their wood is also found in bonus chests). Acacia trees feature unique diagonal trunks, and may occasionally have multiple canopies. The way the tree forms is unique. Some have many straight logs and a curve at the top, some at the bottom, and some curve from bottom to top. Typically, the canopy consists of just two layers of leaves, sometimes three. They are usually quite small. A typical acacia tree is around eight blocks tall. The acacia leaves share their texture with oak leaves, although they have their own name in creative mode. Their colour, however, varies on what biome you are in. Acacia leaves have a chance of dropping acacia saplings, which can be grown into acacia trees. Their logs are grey on the outside, with an orangish inside, and acacia planks are a similar shade of red as the inside of the logs. Before the unique log was added, these trees used jungle logs as a placeholder. There are two types of acacia tree that can grow:

1) The common acacia tree, which has a diagonal trunk and a single canopy

2) The multiple canopy acacia tree, which has the diagonal trunk and a lower canopy, then the trunk continues and has a second higher canopy. These trees are taller than the common acacia tree.

Dark oak trees


Dark oak trees are found only in the Roofed Forest biome. They have thick, 2×2 trunks. Dark Oak trees nearly always generate with irregular blocks of wood connected to the trunk- these represent large branches. Their bark texture is slightly lighter than Spruce logs, but the planks made from them are significantly darker. Growing these trees requires four dark oak saplings arranged in a 2×2 grid; they will not grow if planted individually. Before the unique log was added, these trees used spruce logs as a placeholder. Dark oak trees grow at a much faster rate than most other trees.

Ungrowable trees
Some trees are not obtainable with saplings, only player creation or natural generation. Some are made from logs and leaves of other species. This group of trees includes:

"Matchstick" spruce trees
A variant of Spruce trees with leaves only at the very top. Found in all the Taiga biomes.

Tall birch trees
Found in Birch Forest M biomes, have longer, taller trunks than normal Birch Trees and are considerably rare.

Bush trees
Found in Jungle biomes, they only have 1-2 logs and a few leaves. Typically are 1-3 layers tall and cover the floor of Jungle Biomes heavily. In jungles, they consist of oak leaves and a jungle log. Elsewhere, they consist of oak leaves and an oak log.

Swamp trees
Technically these can be somewhat obtained, but not entirely. They are made of oak wood and leaves, and drop oak saplings, and have vines all over them. They are often generated in water. When an oak sapling is grown in a swamp biome, it creates a swamp tree, but without any vines, which is why it is not fully obtainable. It also cannot be grown in water like natural ones, since water updates break saplings instantly after they are placed under water (unless spam-clicked to grow really quickly). The water surrounding the area where the desired sapling is to grow can be replaced with any block, and these can be replaced with water again when the tree grows (tall birches can also be grown this way), and then drape some vines along the sides of the tree.

Cold-en oak trees
An extremely rare glitch in Pocket Edition causes a small tree in an oak formation to be generated on the border of a forest and a snowy area with spruce leaves and logs. It could also be the same thing except in the form of a spruce. It's also commonly referred to as the pine oak, pine tree, spruce-leaved oak, and winter tree.

Acaci-oak trees
Occasionally, when an oak tree spawns in a savanna biome, there is a rare glitch when it spawns with acacia leaves instead of oak leaves (but the oak trunk still remains). Oak trees do generate in the savanna, but with oak leaves like normal. This glitch is quite unnoticeable.

Pre-13w43a Acacia and Dark Oak trees
Acacia and Dark Oak trees generated prior to the 13w43a snapshot have jungle logs (for acacia) and spruce logs (for Dark Oak). Both types of trees used oak leaves.

Uses
Tree harvesting is an essential first step for any player in Survival mode. The wooden blocks can be harvested for wood, without requiring tools (although an axe quickens harvesting). Each wood can be crafted into wooden planks and sticks, which are used to craft tools.

Wood can also be smelted into charcoal, an equivalent of coal.

When leaves are harvested, or decay naturally, there is a chance they will drop a sapling of their own species, which can be planted to grow a new tree. Decaying (dark) oak tree leaves also have a 1/200 chance of dropping an apple. Destroying leaves does not require a tool; a sword destroys leaves negligibly faster, but this quickly wears out the sword. Using a hoe to destroy a leaf block will not wear it out, but is the same speed as your hands. (However, on Pocket Edition, using a hoe will wear it out.) Shears harvest leaf blocks quickly, and will drop a usable leaf block for the player to pick up and later place elsewhere. Use of fire will also destroy leaves quickly, but when used on a tree, fire will also destroy much of the wood. (Fire is more useful when harvested leaf blocks have been placed elsewhere, as temporary barriers or filler blocks.)

Tips on cutting trees

 * It's worth clearing foliage and collecting the saplings and apples for later—you may want to reforest some areas. It's better not to use a tool to break the leaves, as a block or bare hands will do just as well without wearing out your tools.
 * If you've got plenty of daylight and you'll be hanging around for a while, you can just chop the wood out and wait for the leaves to decay. If there's any question of time, bash or shear the leaves (or at least most of them) first.
 * Shears do wear out, but will be much faster. The leaves won't drop saplings or apples when you shear them, but you get to take the leaf blocks home and break them at your leisure (or use them for something else).
 * When trying to cut a big tree (tall spruces, large oaks, jungle giants), the best technique is usually to get up to the top and cut the wood from there going down. Climbing to the top using ladders or vines, or throwing an enderpearl to the top is usually more efficient and safer than dirt pillars or "staircases", especially for very tall trees.
 * If you want to pillar to the top, using sand or gravel makes it easy to remove the pillar when you have cut your way to the bottom of the tree, as you can simply punch out the bottom block, and quickly place a torch under the falling sand. The sand will break as it lands on the torch, and you can easily pick it up.
 * Another way to cut big trees is to carve it into a spiral staircase and cut the remaining blocks on your way down.
 * When climbing large jungle trees you can shear vines from the sides of the tree you are not going to climb up to fill in the gaps on the side you are climbing up.
 * When cutting large jungle trees, make sure to cut all the logs in the branches, otherwise the leaves won't decay. It is easier to spot missed logs with fancy graphics turned on.
 * Note that with stone or wood axes, this is most of a Minecraft day's work, and it can require more than one axe. If you are not in a safe area you might want to wait out the night atop the trunk, but remember that items despawn after five minutes, so you may want to go down and collect fallen saplings and logs before nightfall.

Trivia

 * Trees will only grow if they are planted on a chunk of the map that is loaded into memory. If you plant saplings and then explore another more distant area of your world for a few days, they will still be saplings when you return.
 * It seems with the addition of different types of lakes above ground, you may have floating trees. This happens since the tree is spawned when the chunk loads first. Then, the lake is spawned afterward. This leaves the tree floating above the lake.
 * It is possible, but very rare to find a tree in a desert biome.
 * However, you can trick other players to thinking that a tree can grow in sand by removing a sand block (in a desert biome) and replacing it with a sapling and using bone meal on it so that the tree will grow and the other sand blocks surrounding it will block the dirt below it. To make it even more realistic, replace dirt block with sand.
 * You can also do this with stone, bricks and other blocks that saplings cannot be planted on(except transparent blocks).
 * If a sapling is surrounded by a 2 block tall tube it guarantees that it will, eventually, grow into a big tree. The tube forces the small tree growth to always fail each attempt. However, this takes far longer to produce a mature tree, due to the low chance that a sapling will try to grow into a big tree.
 * Trees can grow to encase the player in leaves. This may allow them to see through the world.
 * Two regular saplings planted near each other have a chance to grow above their normal height limit of 14. (Example: 16 tall with 57 wood)
 * A tree standing over a lava pool may catch fire from the lava. These fires can be very dangerous, burning down entire forests. Though an effective way to prevent this is to avoid or cut trees that are near lava, or cover the lava, and so on to prevent the forests from burning down.
 * Trees can naturally spawn on stone, sand, and clay. It is unknown if this is a bug.
 * Large jungle trees have dirt generated under them if they spawn with part over air or leaves.
 * Oak and dark oak trees drop red apples on occasion, which is botanically incorrect. There is a real thing called an "oak apple", but it's an inedible gall, caused by an wasp that lays its eggs in oak buds.
 * Jungle trees can sometimes exceed cloud level. (Y-coord 128)