Villager

A villager is an intelligent passive NPC that the player can trade with. A villager wears clothing according to one of six professions, and many of these professions are subdivided into various careers.

Natural generation
Villagers spawn inhabiting their villages, which spawn in several biomes.

A priest villager and priest zombie villager spawn locked up in the basements of igloos.

Baby villagers
Villagers will breed autonomously, but need doors in order to spawn baby villagers. After exactly 20 minutes, the baby villager will grow up to an adult. See this section for more information.

Curing
Villagers will spawn if a player uses a splash potion of weakness on a zombie villager and then feeds it a regular golden apple. It will then shake and turn into a villager within 5 minutes. During the change, the zombie villager can still burn in the sun unless it is a baby zombie villager.

Zombie villagers
When a zombie kills a villager, it can turn the villager into a zombie villager, depending on the difficulty: 0% chance on Easy, 50% chance on Normal and 100% chance on Hard. Zombie villagers also spawn naturally in the Overworld in the same conditions as a normal zombie.

Illagers
Illagers are hostile villager-like mobs that spawn in woodland mansions. There are 3 kinds: vindicators, evokers and illusioners. Illagers are considered to be outcasts from villages. In addition to attacking players, they will also attack villagers.

Witches
Witches are hostile villager-like mobs which spawn rarely in the Overworld according to the usual mob spawning rules. They can also spawn exclusively in witch huts, or spawn from a villager struck by lightning.

Drops
Villagers have no drops. They also do not drop experience points.

Movement patterns
Upon spawning, villagers will leave their homes and begin to explore the village. Generally, they wander aimlessly inside the village during the day. They may go indoors or outdoors. Occasionally, two villagers may stop and turn to look at each other, in a behavior called socializing, in which they will stare at another villager for a few seconds at a time. In the case of players, they will continuously stare at them as long as the player is close enough, unless the villager tries to get into a house at night, farm food, or run away from a zombie. When a player attacks a villager, the villager will not run away, but anger particles will fly out from the villager if it is in a village.

In Pocket Edition, villagers do not stop continuously in front of players. They will also run away if the player attacks them.

Villagers, like other mobs, will find paths around obstructions and will avoid some harmful blocks and walking off cliffs. However, in crowded situations it's possible for one villager to push another off a cliff or into harm.

At night or during rain, villagers will run inside, closing doors behind them, and staying indoors until morning. In the morning they will head outside and resume normal behavior.

If a villager finds itself outside the village boundary, or a villager without a village detects a village boundary within 32 blocks, it will move quickly back within the boundary. A villager taken more than 32 blocks away from its village boundary will forget the village within about 6 seconds. Whether in a village or not, a villager is never prone to despawning.

Villagers cannot open trapdoors, fence gates, or iron doors.

There is evidence that villagers are prone to overcrowding certain areas of a village while leaving other areas completely empty. When moving inside, the AI prefers doors within 16 blocks (Euclidean distance). It also tends to prefer doors with fewer villagers nearby, however "nearby" in this case is only 1.5 blocks and, when moving inside, villagers prefer to move 2.5 blocks inside when the inside is to the south or east and therefore will be out of range of this check. During the day, it has been observed that villagers will tend to cluster near a trapped villager or any existing large cluster of villagers, likely due to the "socialize" AI routine overriding their inclination to wander.

Picking up items
Villagers have eight hidden inventory slots, which start empty whenever the villager is spawned. Villagers will not intentionally seek out items to pick up, but they will collect any bread, carrots, potatoes, wheat, seeds, beetroot and beetroot seeds they happen to come within range of. These are the only items they are able to pick up, though the player may use the command to put an arbitrary item into a villager's inventory. If a player and a villager are in the pickup range of an item at the same time, the player will always pick it up first.

Any items in these slots are lost if a villager becomes a zombie villager; a zombie villager has no inventory slots.

If the gamerule  is false, villagers will not pick up items.

Sharing food
If a villager has enough food in one inventory stack (6 bread or 24 carrots, potatoes, beetroots, or 18 wheat for Farmers only) and sees a villager without enough food in one inventory stack (3 bread or 12 carrots, potatoes or beetroot for non-Farmers; 15 bread, 60 carrots, potatoes, or beetroot, or 45 wheat for Farmers), the villager may decide to share food with that villager.

To share, a villager finds his first inventory stack with at least 4 bread, carrots, potatoes, or beetroot or with at least 6 wheat, and then throws half the stack (rounded down) in the direction of the target villager. When wheat is shared, it is first crafted to bread which may result in 1 or 2 less than half the stack being shared.

Farming
Adult and baby brown-robed villagers, both farmers and other careers, will tend crops within the village boundary. Villagers far enough outside the boundary of any village will also tend nearby crops.

Farmland to be tended is found by seeking for certain blocks up to 15 blocks away from the villager in X and Z and up to 1 away in Y (a 31×31×3 area total).
 * If a brown-robed villager does not have enough food in one stack in his inventory (15 bread, 60 carrots, potatoes, or beetroot, or 45 wheat) and finds fully-grown wheat, carrots, potatoes or beetroot, he will move to the crop block and break it.
 * If a brown-robed villager has any seeds, carrots, potatoes, or beetroot seeds in his inventory and finds an air block above farmland, he will move to it and plant a crop. They will always plant from the first eligible slot in their inventory.

Note that if the gamerule mobGriefing is false, villagers will not be able to farm.

Baby villagers


Baby villagers will sprint around, entering and leaving houses at will. They will sometimes stop sprinting to stare at an Iron Golem. If the Iron Golem is holding a poppy, the children will cautiously take the flower from its hands.

Unlike other breed-able mobs, the parents and child have no personal interactions other than socializing.

Zombies
Zombies will try to find and attack villagers within a 42 block radius (even when the villager is invisible), and will attempt to break down doors. Zombies will only successfully break doors if the difficulty is set to hard, though only a fraction of zombies spawned in hard mode have the capacity to break doors. This also applies to zombie pigmen if they path find through a door. Villagers will run away from zombies, sometimes hiding in houses. The villager's only "natural" defense are the iron golems, which attack nearby hostile mobs.

Zombies will try to kill villagers, or convert them to zombie villagers. The chance that the villager will become a zombie villager on death is 0% on Easy, 50% on Normal, and 100% on Hard. Baby villagers can be infected by zombies as well.

Villagers will also run from zombie pigmen.

Lightning
When lightning strikes between 3–4 blocks of a villager, it will turn into a witch.

Breeding


Villagers will mate depending on the number of valid doors. If "willing" (see below), villagers will mate as long as the population is less than 35% of valid doors, rounded down. The type of villager that spawns is not dependent on the villager's parents.

A valid door is any door within the village radius where the number of "outside" spaces within 5 blocks in a straight line on one side of the door is not the same as the number of "outside" spaces within 5 blocks on the other side of the door. A space is considered to be "outside" if it has nothing but transparent blocks above it all the way to the sky.

The game engine periodically takes a census to determine the current population of the village. All villagers within the horizontal boundary of the village and within 5 vertical blocks of the center will be counted as part of the population to determine if continued villager mating is allowed. However, any villager within the horizontal boundary of the village and within the spherical boundary of the village will attempt to enter mating mode as long as there is at least one villager within the boundary. If two villagers simultaneously enter mating mode while they are close to one another, they will mate with each other and produce a child.

Willingness
Additionally, villagers must be "willing" in order to breed. After mating, they will no longer be willing, and must be made willing again.

Villagers may become willing when the player trades with them. Willingness is granted the first time a new offer is traded, or at a one-in-five chance on subsequent trades. Green particles will appear if the villager becomes willing by trading. This will not cause them to immediately seek out a mate, however.

Villagers can also become willing by having either 3 bread, 12 carrots or 12 potatoes in one stack in their inventory. Any villager with an excess of food (usually farmers) will throw food to other villagers, allowing them to pick it up and obtain enough food to become willing. You can also throw bread, carrots, beetroots, or potatoes at the villagers yourself to encourage breeding. Villagers will consume the required food upon becoming willing.

Professions and careers
Each villager has a profession, which can be identified by their clothing. Villagers also have careers specific to their profession. The player can identify a villager's career by reading the title at the top of the trading interface. Below is a table listing the various villagers, with their careers in relation to their professions, as well as the IDs specifying these. While each profession has a 1 in 6 chance of occurring, the probabilities for individual careers to occur are more diversified. They are listed in the table as well.

When transformed into a zombie villager, the profession of the zombified villager will remain unchanged however the career is reset and randomly picked again if turned back into a villager allowing for the player to get a villager with a new career with new trade offers. Old trade offers will disappear, even if the same career is chosen again.

Nitwit
"It started because players could summon villagers without a career by using commands: it was the only way to get villagers with green robes. Whenever we discover we have a bug which is used by the community we just see it as 'undefined behaviour' - and ‘fix’ it by making it a feature. In this case we just needed a profession for the green-robed villager. I don’t remember what name we came up with first - I think it was ‘unemployed’ or something, but it doesn’t really fit in the world, because I don’t really think the other villagers are employed by anyone either. So I think the next suggestion was ‘village idiot’ but I thought ‘nitwit’ was a more fun name."

- Jeb about the Nitwit, January 23, 2017

Trading
"Right click on a villager and you can trade with them, offering them emeralds in exchange for better equipment, maps to notable treasures or food. Unless you are trying to trade with a nitwit, of course, in which case you’re going to get squat. Who’s the nitwit now?"

- Marsh Davies

The trading system is a gameplay mechanic that allows players to trade emeralds for items and vice-versa with villagers.Their trades can be good or bad, depending on what the cost is and what items you might get. Trading is only available for adult villagers; the player cannot trade with baby villagers.

Right-clicking a villager will allow a player to trade with them, and display their career. Villagers will make offers based on their profession and career, and will only make trades based on whatever offers they are making. Different offers may be viewed by pressing the left and right buttons next to the currently displayed offer. Most offers involve emerald as a currency, and some item pertinent to the villager's profession and career. Trading allows the acquisition of rare items that would otherwise be fairly difficult to obtain, such as chain armor. The trading mechanic allows players to get Bottle o' Enchanting in survival mode, as it is the only legitimate way. When villagers get a new trade, pink particles and green cross particles appear.

After trading a new offer once, the villager will allow a new tier of offers. After 2-12 times an offer is repeated, the villager will lock the trade offer. That is, the villager will no longer offer this trade. When this happens, the player will have to use another new trade offer in the villager's window once (or several times if it is already used once), and then wait for a short time. If green particles appear, all trades unlock. That is, the villager will start offering all trades. There is a maximum number of tiers each villager can possess, varying by career. Once the villager has unlocked all tiers, it will not open any new ones. However, players will still be able to renew all offers by trading.

When a villager gives off particles from a new trade, they get 10 seconds of regeneration I, which gives them.

Commands or external editors can help villagers get new trades.

The nitwit villager has no trades.

Data values
Villagers have entity data associated with them that contain various properties of the mob. Their entity ID is.

Trivia

 * The villagers were inspired by the shop keepers in Dungeon Master 2.
 * Notch has agreed that villagers look like "cavemen squidwards".
 * Originally, the mobs populating villages were to be pigmen.
 * Name tags used on villagers will always name the villager instead of opening the trading interface.
 * Villagers can see invisible players.
 * After a zombie villager is cured, the villager gets Nausea for 10 seconds (indicated by the purple status effect particles).
 * When a villager is in love mode, it walks very slowly. However, when a villager runs indoors as the night falls, it runs extremely fast, even faster than the player's sprinting speed.
 * The 1.6 release poster showed a blue-robed villager in the background in addition to the green-robed villager. Such a villager has never been seen in-game.

April fools
On April 1, 2014, Mojang announced that villagers have taken over the skin servers and content delivery networks (CDN) as an April Fools joke. This caused players' current skin to turn into villager skins. This also caused users to be unable to change their skins. Different career villager skins were used, including the then-unused nitwit villager (green robe).

Many of the sounds were also changed, supposedly by the villagers. They seem to be similar to a villager talking (with words, rather than their normal sounds). The in-game music has also been altered to include villager like noises, and also features a villager version of the "Game of Thrones" theme on the title screen. The sounds originate from the sound resource pack created by Element Animation, titled The Element Animation Villager Sound Resource Pack (T.E.A.V.S.R.P), which is based on the villagers appearing in their fan videos. The villagers were voiced by Dan Lloyd, Director of Element Animation.