Melon

A melon is a fruit block that grows from a fully-grown melon stem, which in turn is grown from melon seeds.

Breaking
A melon drops 3–7 melon slices when broken by hand, using tools, or by the movement of a piston. Silk Touch causes the block itself to drop. Fortune increases the maximum number of melon slices dropped. The actual amount is capped at 9, so Fortune III simply increases the chance of getting 9 slices, which is sufficient to craft the melon again from the slices.

Natural generation
Melons are naturally generated in jungle biomes, in savanna villages and inside tillage rooms of woodland mansions.

Farming
Melon seeds can be planted, placing a small stem that grows over time. Once the stem reaches maturity, it attempts to generate a melon block in one of the four immediately adjacent blocks; however, this attempt may fail if the chosen adjacent block is not empty or the block beneath is not dirt, grass block, farmland, podzol or coarse dirt. Melons take 10 to 30 minutes to grow, which is equal to 0.5 or 1.5 of a Daylight cycle. Once a stem has produced to a melon, that stem does not produce any further melons until the existing melon is harvested. Melon stems connect only to the melons they produce. For example, if stem A generates a melon adjacent to stem B, stem B does not connect and can still produce another melon. Similarly, if a melon is placed adjacent to stem B, stem B would still be able to produce another melon. The same principle applies for pumpkins. Melons require a light level of 9 or higher to grow.

Trades
Villagers who are journeymen (level 3) farmers buy 4 melons for an emerald.

Composting
Placing a melon into a composter has a 65% chance of raising the compost level by 1. Composting a crafted melon block instead of 9 melon slices is very inefficient. For example, 100 melons could yield 9.28 bone meals on average. Meanwhile, if not crafted, 900 melon slices could yield 64.28 bone meals on average.

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Trivia

 * $$ any stem adjacent to a melon block appears connected to it, even if the melon was not grown from that stem. Therefore, if a melon block generates between two stems, it connects to both of them. Pumpkins also do this, although they do not connect to plants of different species.